scholarly journals The reaction of soybean symbiotic apparatus to losses of water content in leaves and roots, induced by continuous action of drought

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-49
Author(s):  
T. P. Mamenko
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Molecular Nitrogen ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Seed Productivity ◽  
Running Water ◽  
Tn5 Mutants ◽  
Leaves And Roots

The reaction of the soybean symbiotic apparatus inoculated with Bradyrhizobium japonicum strains and Tn5 mutants, which were different in efficiency, was studied for the loss of water content in leaves and roots induced by prolonged drought, as well as the seed productivity of the formed symbiotic systems. To conduct researches were used microbiological, physiological, biochemical methods, gas chromatography and spectrophotometry. The objects of the study were selected symbiotic systems formed with the participation of soybean plants and strains B. japonicum 646 (active, virulent) and 604k (inactive, highly virulent), as well as Tn5-mutants – B1-20 (active, virulent) and 107 (low-active, virulent) obtained by the method of transposon mutagenesis in the department of symbiotic nitrogen fixation at the Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Before sowing, sterilized with 70 % ethanol and washed under running water for 1 h, the seeds were inoculated with suspensions of nodules bacteria (the titre of the suspension was 108 cells in 1 ml). The combined model drought was created during 12 days by stopping watering of plants up to 40 % of full moisture content starting from the stage of two true leaves and gradual transfer of watering to 30 % of full moisture content in the stage of three true leaves and budding - the beginning of flowering. After the stopping of drought, the moisture content of the substrate was adjusted to 60 % of full moisture content (watering recovery) into the stage of mass flowering. Control plants were inoculated by rhizobium culture, as well as plants without inoculation, which grew for optimal watering. It was investigated that in symbiotic systems formed with the participation of soybean and the active strain B. japonicum (646) and Tn5-mutant (B1-20) there was no significant reduction in the water content of plants under drought conditions and the effective work of the symbiotic apparatus was recorded, which contributed to the preservation of seed productivity. Ineffective symbiotic systems observed significant losses in water content and inhibition of the process of nodulation (strain 604k) and nitrogen fixation (Tn5-mutants 107), which was accompanied by significant losses of soybean crop yields. As a result of the research, it was concluded that in soil-climatic conditions with insufficient rainfall and frequent droughts, effective symbiotic systems should be used, which will promote the optimal functioning of the symbiotic apparatus and preserve the seed productivity of soybeans by adaptive regulation of water balance and fixation of molecular nitrogen of the atmosphere. The study of the functioning of leguminous plants in symbiosis with strains of nodule bacteria is important for finding effective symbiotic systems that are able to realize their adaptive potential for the effects of stress factors, in particular drought. Effective symbiotic relationships are the main source of nitrogen fixation in terrestrial ecosystems, which will reduce the need to enrich the soil with chemical compounds and provide additional economic and environmental advantage.

scholarly journals KARAKTERISTIK DAN SKRINING FITOKIMIA EKSTRAK ETANOL 70% BATANG KEPUH (Sterculia foetida L.)

Jurnal Kimia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
N. P. S. E. Cahyani ◽  
J. Susiarni ◽  
K. C.S. Dewi ◽  
N. L.P. Melyandari ◽  
K. W.A. Putra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Residual Solvent ◽  
Solvent Content ◽  
Residual Content ◽  
Ethanol Level ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Kepuh (Sterculia foetida L) is a type of kapok plant that has been scientifically proven to have activity as an anti-inflammatory and analgesic. 70% ethanol extract of stem stem is obtained by maceration using 70% ethanol. Examination of the characteristics of 70% ethanol extract of kepuh stem included organoleptic, of moisture content and determination of residual solvent content. Phytochemical screening of 70% ethanol extract of kepuh bark includes: alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, tannin , polyphenol, and examination of glycosides. The results of the examination of the characteristics of 70% ethanol extract of kepuh stem obtained water content of 8.66 ± 0.748%, the residual content of the solvent had a 0 (zero) ethanol level. The results of phytochemical screening showed 70% ethanol extract of stem stem containing steroid compounds, triterpenoids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins and polyphenols. The identification using UV-Vis spectrophotometry produced ? 212, the absorbance was 1.8601 and ? 284, the absorbance was 0.42186.

Characterization of Shear Strength and Interface Friction of Organic Soil

2020 ◽  
Vol 857 ◽  
pp. 203-211
Author(s):  
Majid Hamed ◽  
Waleed S. Sidik ◽  
Hanifi Canakci ◽  
Fatih Celik ◽  
Romel N. Georgees
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Internal Friction ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Friction Angle ◽  
Structural Materials ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Internal Friction Angle ◽  
Interface Friction

This study was undertaken to investigate some specific problems that limit a safe design and construction of structures on problematic soils. An experimental study was carried out to examine the influence of loading rate and moisture content on shear strength of organic soil. Influece of moisture content on interface friction between organic soil and structural materials was also attempted. A commonly used soil in Iraq was prepared at varying moisture contents of 39%, 57% and 75%. The experimental results showed that the increase in water content will decrease the shear stress and the internal friction angle. An increase of the shearing rate was found to decrease the shear stress and internal friction angle for all percetanges of water contents. Further, direct shear tests were carried out to detect the interface shear stress behavior between organic soil and structural materials. The results revealed that the increase in water content was shown to have significant negetavie effects on the interface internal friction and angle shear strength.

Dispersion studies on Gezira soil

1941 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 466-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. N. Jewitt
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Degree Of Dispersion ◽  
Heavy Clay

1. The degree of dispersion on shaking of the heavy clay Gezira soil has been studied in relation to its initial moisture content when it is added to the water. A minimum dispersibility was found at about 7% initial moisture content. Such behaviour is different from that found with certain English soils by Puri & Keen.2. Spontaneous dispersion was studied using the same soil, and by this method it was found that the dispersion decreases with increasing moisture content over a range of zero to 9% moisture.3. This relation between dispersion and water content is discussed in relation to possible effects in the field of practice. Attention is drawn to possible seasonal and daily differences in the effect of rainfall.

On the Fixation of Atmospheric Nitrogen by Phoma Radicis Callunae, including a New Method for Investigating Nitrogenfixation in Micro-Organisms

1928 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-189
Author(s):  
W. NEILSON JONES ◽  
M. LLEWELLYN SMITH
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Nitrogen Starvation ◽  
Molecular Nitrogen ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Calluna Vulgaris ◽  
Atmospheric Nitrogen ◽  
Free Medium ◽  
New Apparatus ◽  
Micro Organisms

(1) Evidence from chemical analyses of seeds of Calluna mdgaris and of seedlings grown on a nitrogen-free medium confirms the view that this plant can obtain nitrogenous supplies from the air, probably in the form of molecular nitrogen, in sufficient amount to prevent the advent of any symptoms of nitrogen starvation. (2) A new apparatus for the investigation of nitrogen-fixation by micro-organisms is described. (3) Using the above apparatus, experiments on the mycorrhizal fungus of Calluna vulgaris are described in which this organism was grown in pure culture on a nitrogen-free medium with and without a supply of molecular nitrogen. The evidence obtained indicates that the amount of glucose used by the fungus during growth, and the amount of nitrogen contained in the culture at the end of the growth period are greater under the former condition. It is concluded that the fungus in question can utilise the molecular nitrogen of the air in some degree under the conditions of the experiments, although these were not the most favourable possible for nitrogen-fixation. It is considered that the results obtained justify an extension of these experiments using a strain of the fungus freshly extracted from the Calluna plant.

18 Molecular Nitrogen Fixation with Hydroperoxyl Radicals: A Theoretical and Quantum Chemical Study

2016 ◽  
pp. 319-340
Author(s):  
A. A. Ijagbuji ◽  
E. V. Poshtarëva ◽  
A. N. Reisser ◽  
V. V. Schwarzkopf ◽  
T. C. Philips ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Quantum Chemical ◽  
Molecular Nitrogen ◽  
Quantum Chemical Study ◽  
Chemical Study

scholarly journals KARAKTERISTIK SIFAT-SIFAT KIMIA DAN ORGANOLEPTIK KUE KERING BERBAHAN DASAR PATI SAGU, UBI KAYU, UBI JALAR DAN KELADI

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Febby J Polnaya ◽  
Rachel Breemer
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Sensory Analysis ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Crude Fiber ◽  
Brownish Yellow ◽  
Color Texture

The purpose of this research was to characterize chemical and sensory properties (color, texture, taste and liking) of starch-based sago, cassava, sweet potato and cocoyam cookies. Analysis of cookies include moisture content, ash, fat, protein, crude fiber and sensory analysis including color, texture, taste and likeness). The proximate composition indicated that the water content of cookies varied between 1.48 to 2.05%, ash content of 0.65 to 0.72%, 19.23 to 21.76% of fat, crude fiber from 0.41 to 0.71% and 1.33 to 2.42% of total protein. Based on organoleptic tests, the color of cookies was yellow to brownish-yellow, with crispy texture, the taste was sweet and were mostly preferred.

scholarly journals Numerical investigation of wetting front migration and soil water distribution under vertical line source irrigation with different influencing factors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanwei Fan ◽  
Liangjun Ma ◽  
Hujun Wei ◽  
Pengcheng Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Line Source ◽  
Vertical Line ◽  
Initial Water Content ◽  
Wetting Front ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Soil Wetting

Abstract Vertical line source irrigation (VLSI) is an underground irrigation method suitable for deep-rooted plants. Understanding the characteristics of the soil wetting body of the VLSI was the key to designing this irrigation system. On the basis of experimental verification of the reliability of the HYDRUS simulation results of VLSI under the conditions of soil texture (ST), initial water content (θi), line source buried depth (B), line source diameter (D) and line source length (L), numerical studies of the migration law of the wetting front of VLSI and the distribution characteristics of soil moisture were performed. The wetting front migration (WFM) was mainly influenced by ST, θi, D and L (P < 0.05), while B had little effect on WFM (P > 0.05). The shape of the soil wetting body changed little under different influencing factors. The water content contour was approximately ‘ellipsoidal’ around the line source. The soil moisture near the line source was close to the saturated moisture content. The moisture content around the line source gradually decreased outward, and the contour lines gradually became dense. According to the simulation results, a prediction model of multiple factors influencing the migration process of the VLSI wetting front was established. The predicted value was in good agreement with the measured value. The results of this research could provide a theoretical basis for further optimizing the combination of VLSI and irrigation elements.

scholarly journals Klasifikasi Kematangan Jeruk Lemon Menggunakan Metode K-Nearest Neighboard

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Indrawati Indrawati
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Training Image ◽  
K Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Oil Glands ◽  
Shortest Distance ◽  
Approximate Distance ◽  
Dark Green

Abstrak— Klasifikasi jeruk lemon adalah disiplin bidang ilmu yang menggambarkan identifikasi jeruk berdasarkan sifatnya. Beberapa sifat dari jeruk lemon, diantaranya kulit terluar lemon kaya akan kelenjar minyak, kematangan ditandai dengan warna kulit kuning terang. Jeruk lemon yang berwarna hijau gelap, menandakan jeruk lemon tersebut belum matang dan kandungan air di dalamnya akan lebih sedikit. Pada penelitian ini kematangan diklasifikasikan menggunakan metode K-Nearest Neighbor. Hasilnya adalah klasifikasi kematangan dengan kadar air 90% jarak terdekat rata-rata sebesar 10,86 dengan akurasi 85%, sedangkan pada pengujian jeruk lemon dengan kematangan 80% diperoleh jarak terdekat 7,3 dengan akurasi 81%. Pada pengujian dengan kematngan dengan kadar air 70 persen diperoleh jarak rata-rata terdekat 19,4 dan akurasi 86,11%. Untuk jeruk lemon dengan kategori tidak matang dengan kadar air 50% diperoleh jarak terdekat sebesar 19,46 dan akurasi 88,9 % , sedangkan pada pengujian jeruk lemon mentah dengan kadar air 40% diperoleh jarak terdekat 16,19 dan akurasi 88,73 dan untuk pengujian jeruk lemon tidak matang dengan kadar air 30% diperoleh klasifikasi dengan jarak terdekat rata-rata sebesar 1,85 dan akuras 84,13%. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa sistem klasifikasi dengan menggunakan metode K-NN cukup baik, indikatornya adalah jarak terdekat rata-rata yang dihasilkan antara citra uji dan citra training bernilai antara 1,85 sampai 19,46 dan akurasinya antara 81% sampai88,89 %.Kata kunci— Akurasi, Jeruk lemon, Klasifikasi, kedekatan, tetangga, uji.Abstract— Classification of lemon is the discipline of science that describes the identification of citrus by its character. Some characterof lemon, lemon outer shell is rich in oil glands, maturity is marked by bright yellowskin color, lemon which is dark green, indicates the immature lemon and water content in it will be less. In this study maturity are classified using K-Nearest Neighbor method. The result is a classification of maturity with 90% moisture content has shortest distance average of 10.86 with an accuracy of 85%, while in the testing of lemon with a maturity of 80% obtained the nearest distance of 7.3 with an accuracy of 81%. In maturity testing with a water content of 70 percent derived average approximate distance of 19.4 and 86.11% accuracy. For the lemon with the category of immature by moisture content of 50% obtained the nearest distance at 19.46 and accuracy of 88.9%, while in the testing of raw lemon with a moisture content of 40% obtained the nearest distance 16.19 and accuracy of 88.73 and for testing of immature lemon with a water content of 30% obtained classifications with the average nearest distance of 1.85 and accuracy of 84.13%. This indicates that the classification system using K-NN was very good, the indicator is the average nearest distance between the tested images and training image between 1.85 to 19.46 valuable and accuracy between 81% to 88.89%.Keywords— Accuracy, Lemon, classification,nearets, neighbors, test.

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