scholarly journals Regarding the choice of composite indicators of ecological safety of water in the basin of the Siversky Donets

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 622-631
Author(s):  
Vitalii L. Bezsonnyi ◽  
Roman V. Ponomarenko ◽  
Oleg V. Tretyakov ◽  
Vitalii V. Asotsky ◽  
Andrii Y. Kalynovskyi
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Body ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Ecological State ◽  
Annual Volume ◽  
Biochemical Oxygen Consumption

The lack of effective mechanisms of the methods of basin management, control of and responsibility for the ecological state of surface sources of drinking water leads to the fact that the main man-made objects that determine the ecological state of surface water sources are most often located in one oblast, while the production and consumption of the drinking water from those sources occur in the territory of other oblasts, which complicates the effective management of environmental safety of surface water sources. This is especially true for the regions of Ukraine which are poor in surface water resources, located in the basin of the Siversky Donets River, the water bodies of which are the main sources of water supply in the eastern regions of the country. The main consumer of water is Donetsk Oblast (over 50 % of the annual volume), and Kharkiv and Luhansk Oblasts together consume approximately the same volume of water per year (up to 50 % of the annual volume). Therefore, it is important to substantiate the integrated indicators of the ecological status of the water body to improve the environmental safety of surface water sources. The paper shows that oxygen indicators play an important role in the ecology of a water body. They are associated with the assimilative ability of water, the ability of water to decompose organic matter. Therefore, the content of dissolved oxygen and biochemical oxygen consumption in water is of great interest not only in terms of life development, but also as a composite measure of the ecological status of the aquatic environment. The relationship between the value of the combined index of water pollution and the value of biochemical oxygen consumption makes the indicator of biochemical oxygen consumption important for the integrated assessment of water contamination with various organic substances. For the tasks for which we justify the choice of composite measures of the ecological condition of surface waters, it is more important to identify the effects of contamination not directly at the site of contamination, but at some distance from it and after some time. Therefore, the use of the amount of dissolved oxygen and biochemical oxygen consumption as indicators that characterize the oxidation of pollutants present in water is the most appropriate for the tasks of timely monitoring of water bodies. Therefore, as a composite indicator for characterizing the condition of the watercourse and conducting timely monitoring, we chose oxygen indicators.

scholarly journals Perceived agricultural runoff impact on drinking water

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 484-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Crampton ◽  
Angela T. Ragusa
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Agricultural Runoff ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Agricultural Contaminants

Agricultural runoff into surface water is a problem in Australia, as it is in arguably all agriculturally active countries. While farm practices and resource management measures are employed to reduce downstream effects, they are often either technically insufficient or practically unsustainable. Therefore, consumers may still be exposed to agrichemicals whenever they turn on the tap. For rural residents surrounded by agriculture, the link between agriculture and water quality is easy to make and thus informed decisions about water consumption are possible. Urban residents, however, are removed from agricultural activity and indeed drinking water sources. Urban and rural residents were interviewed to identify perceptions of agriculture's impact on drinking water. Rural residents thought agriculture could impact their water quality and, in many cases, actively avoided it, often preferring tank to surface water sources. Urban residents generally did not perceive agriculture to pose health risks to their drinking water. Although there are more agricultural contaminants recognised in the latest Australian Drinking Water Guidelines than previously, we argue this is insufficient to enhance consumer protection. Health authorities may better serve the public by improving their proactivity and providing communities and water utilities with the capacity to effectively monitor and address agricultural runoff.

Health risks of pollutants in the surface water sources of the centralized drinking water supply in Zhengzhou, China

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-264
Author(s):  
Qingli Cheng ◽  
Hui Wu ◽  
Wenlin Wang ◽  
Yanjü Wu ◽  
Hongli Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Drinking Water Supply

Fecal contamination and Microcystis in drinking-water sources of rural Cambodia using PCR and culture-based methods

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey R. Matteson ◽  
Alexandria K. Graves ◽  
Ann M. Hall ◽  
Dina Kuy ◽  
Matthew L. Polizzotto
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Gene Marker ◽  
Biological Contamination ◽  
Drinking Water Sources ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Rain Barrels

Rural communities within low-income countries frequently rely on a range of drinking-water sources, and each water source varies in its potential for biological contamination. The extent and source of biological contamination in primary drinking sources within Kien Svay, Kandal, Cambodia, were determined by fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) measurements, 16S rDNA genetic markers for human and bovine fecal Bacteroides, presence of the bloom-forming Microcystis species, and the microcystin toxin mcyD gene marker. Thirteen wells, 11 rain barrels, 10 surface-water sites, and five sediment samples were examined during the dry and wet seasons. Surface water was commonly contaminated with FIB, with up to 1.02 × 105Enterococcus sp., 6.13 × 104E. coli, and 2.91 × 104 total coliforms per 100 mL of water. Human and bovine Bacteroides were detected in 100 and 90% of the surface water samples, respectively. Concentrations of FIB in rain-barrels varied by site, however 91% contained human Bacteroides. Microcystis cells were found in 90% of surface water sites, with many also containing microcystin gene mcyD, representing the first report of microcystin-producing cyanobacteria in surface waters of Cambodia. The study results show that many potential drinking-water sources in Cambodia contain harmful bacterial and algal contaminants, and care should be taken when selecting and monitoring water options.

scholarly journals Contamination Level, Source Identification and Health Risk Assessment of Potentially Toxic Elements in Drinking Water Sources of Mining and Non-mining Areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahid Imran Bhatti ◽  
Muhammad Ishtiaq ◽  
Said Akbbar Khan ◽  
javed nawab ◽  
Sardar Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Potentially Toxic Elements ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Epa

Abstract Accelerated mining activities have increased water contamination with potentially toxic elements (PTEs) and their associated human health risk in developing countries. The current study investigated the distribution of PTEs, their potential sources and health risk assessment in both ground and surface water sources in mining and non–mining areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Water samples (n=150) were taken from selected sites and were analyzed for six PTEs (Ni, Cr, Zn, Cu, Pb and Mn). Among PTEs, Cr showed high mean concentration (497) μg L–1, followed by Zn (414) μg L–1 in mining area, while Zn showed lowest mean value (4.44) μg L–1 in non-mining areas. Elevated concentrations of Ni, Cr and moderate level of Pb in ground and surface water of Mohmand District exceeded the permissible limits set by WHO (2017). Multivariate statistical analyses showed that pollution sources of PTEs were mainly from mafic-ultramafic rocks, acid mine drainage, open dumping of mine-wastes and mine tailings. The hazard quotient (HQ) was highest for children relatively to adults, but not higher than the US-EPA limits. The hazard index (HI) for ingestions of all selected PTEs were lower than the threshold value (HIing <1), except Mohmand District which showed (HI >1) in mining areas through ingestion. Moreover, the carcinogenic risk (CR) values exceeded the threshold limits for Ni and Cr set by the US-EPA (1.0E−04 to 1.0E−06). In order to protect the drinking water sources of the study areas from more contamination, the management techniques and policy for mining operations need to be implemented.

Drinking water production from surface water sources in the tropics: Brasília DF, Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 1587-1599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Vasyukova ◽  
Wolfgang Uhl ◽  
Fuad Braga ◽  
Claudia Simões ◽  
Tânia Baylão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Water Production ◽  
Drinking Water Production ◽  
The Tropics

scholarly journals Serological responses to Cryptosporidium antigens among users of surface- vs. ground-water sources

2003 ◽  
Vol 131 (3) ◽  
pp. 1131-1138 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. FROST ◽  
T. R. KUNDE ◽  
T. B. MULLER ◽  
G. F. CRAUN ◽  
L. M. KATZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Serological Response ◽  
Water Users ◽  
The People ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Relative Prevalence

Cryptosporidium oocysts are commonly detected in surface-derived drinking water. However, the public health significance of these findings is unclear. This study compared serological responses to two Cryptosporidium antigen groups for blood donors and college students using chlorinated and filtered river water vs. ground-water sources. The surface water received agricultural and domestic sewage discharges upstream. Participants from the surface-water city had a higher relative prevalence (RP) of a serological response to the 15/17-kDa antigen group (72·3 vs. 52·4%, RP=1·36, P<0·001) and to the 27-kDa antigen group (82·6 vs. 72·5%, RP=1·14, P<0·02). Multivariate logistic regression analysis found that the people with a shorter duration of residence or drinking bottled water also had a lower seropositivity for each marker. Use of private wells was associated with a higher prevalence of response to the 15/17-kDa markers. Seroconversion to the 15/17-kDa antigen group was more common in the residents of the city using surface water. These findings are consistent with an increased risk of Cryptosporidium infection for users of surface-derived drinking water compared with users of municipal ground-water-derived drinking water. Users of private well water may also have an increased risk of infections.

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