scholarly journals Evaluation of different exterior – constitutional types in breeding of polissya beef breed

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bojko ◽  
S. Shalovylo
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Research ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
The Body ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Body Structure ◽  
Point Scale ◽  
Beef Breed ◽  
The Difference

The article deals with the data on test results of efficient use of four suggested estimation methods by different authors of exterior–constitutional types of bulls on the Polissya meat breed: – visual assessment of the animal type of structure on  a 100–point scale,  according to the «Instructions for appraisal of meat breeds cattle»: – evaluation of the body structure on the model deviations by the formula of  M.M. Kolesnyk (1960), A.M. Uhnivenko (2010); – eirisomia index by the formula of M. Zamyatina (2005); – mass and metric coefficient by the formula of D. Vinnychuk et al (2005). Thanks to carried out investigations it have been established, that the most appropriate is the  use of mass and metric factor by D. Vinnychuk. However given the fact that the use of other methods, in particular by model variations of M. Kolesnyk, A. Uhnivenko, the correlation connection was high, and the difference is statistically significant, in our opinion can be used in scientific research, both methods of evaluating structure of  the animals body structure.

Structural Strength Evaluation of a Carbody by Finite Element Analysis and Load Test

2007 ◽  
Vol 353-358 ◽  
pp. 2728-2731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung Cheol Yoon ◽  
Chang Sung Jeon ◽  
Jeong Guk Kim
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
The Body ◽  
Load Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Body Structure ◽  
Loading Test ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Multiple Unit

This paper describes a carbody structural analysis and the result of its loading test. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety and functionality of the body structure operating under maximum load. Aluminum alloy was used as the body structure’s material. The body structure consisted of side frame, under frame, roof frame, and end frame. Of these components, the side frame and under frame were the most important components considering the vehicle and passenger loads. Both structural analysis and loading test were performed under the condition based on "Performance Test Standard for Electrical Multiple Unit" with the reference code JIS E 7105. The test results showed that the body structure is safe and stable under the condition of designed load.

A Mathematical Model for Windmilling of a Turbojet Engine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erkan Abdulhamitbilal ◽  
Sinan Şal ◽  
Elbrous M. Jafarov
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Test Data ◽  
Present Model ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Error Band ◽  
Turbojet Engine ◽  
Angle Blade ◽  
The Difference

Abstract The transient windmilling characteristic of a modern turbojet engine under different flight conditions and altitudes is obtained with numerous tests conducted at an Altitude Test Facility (ATF). A simple and practical mathematical model for predicting the transient and steady-state rotational speed of a simple turbojet engine in flight has been developed. The method is derived from Froude’s momentum theory or disk actuator theory and implemented to a turbojet engine. A correction factor is introduced to match with test results of KTJ-3200 being indigenously developed by Kale R&D Inc. The present model’s predictions are compared with the test data of Microturbo TRI 60 engine and KTJ-3200 engine. The estimation of the present windmilling model fits very well with test results of two different engines within an error band of ±1.2% for various atmosphere conditions depending on flight speed, altitudes and temperature. The present model is compared with loss modeling windmilling estimation methods described in literature which requires large amount of inputs as blade angle, blade pitch and component efficiencies. The comparison with the available windmilling model at literature shows that both models capture the terminal speed estimation very well. However, the model in literature is not able to capture the transient engine speed, which is important for missile applications as the missile can be fired before the engine reaches to terminal speed. The difference between the test data and the available model during transients is up to 50%. The present model matches perfectly with test data even at transients. It is more practical and much simpler than the available windmilling model in the literature to estimate the both transient and terminal windmilling speed of the turbojet engines. The agreement between the present model, KTJ 3200 test data, windmilling method available in the literature and test data of Microturbo TRI 60 is very good for most of the ranges investigated.

A note on the accuracy of an ultrasonic technique for selecting cattle of different breeds for slaughter at equal fatness

1981 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Kempster ◽  
M. G. Owen
Keyword(s):  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Ultrasonic Technique ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Ultrasonic Machine ◽  
Beef Breed ◽  
Evaluation Programme ◽  
Ultrasonic Measurements ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Using Data

ABSTRACTIn the first phase of the Meat and Livestock Commission's beef breed evaluation programme, cattle were slaughtered at a fixed subcutaneous fat percentage in carcass. Slaughter point was determined from fat areas measured over the m. longissimus at the 10th and 13th ribs by the Scanogram ultrasonic machine.The accuracy of the slaughter procedure was examined using data for 1367 cattle from the first 3 years of the programme. Subcutaneous fat percentage predicted from the ultrasonic measurements was compared with the percentage estimated by visual assessment of carcass fat cover. The s.d. of the difference between the two was 1·65.Data for a subset of 313 cattle were used to examine the relationships between the ultrasonically measured fat areas and actual subcutaneous fat percentage obtained by dissection. The residual s.d. for the prediction of subcutaneous fat within breed and production system was 1-18.The level of accuracy achieved was considered to be satisfactory within the context of the beef breed evaluation programme.

Estimation of the carcass composition of different cattle breeds and crosses from conformation assessments adjusted for fatness

1986 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Kempster
Keyword(s):  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Point Scale ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Beef Breed ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Precise Prediction ◽  
Substantial Bias

SUMMARYCarcass data for 1053 steers from the Meat and Livestock Commission's beef breed evaluation programme were used to examine the prediction of carcass composition from conformation-related characteristics corrected to equal fatness. The data were from four trials and comprised both dairy-bred and suckler-bred cattle by a wide range of sire breeds.When used with carcass weight (W) and a visual assessment of carcass subcutaneous fat percentage (SFe) (the most precise simple assessment of carcass lean percentage, residual S.d. = 2·28), m. longissimus area (MLA) at the 10th rib was the most effective conformation-related assessment (residual S.d. = 2·10). Precision was improved by the further addition of a visual conformation assessment (C15) on a 15-point scale (residual S.d. = 2·06). The use of equations combining W, SFe, MLA, C15 and other simple assessments of fatness improved the precision further (residual S.d. = 1·94).The measurement combinations above also provided a significant prediction of the percentage of total carcass lean distributed in the higher-priced joints. Residual S.d.s were: W + SFe, (1·12); W + SFe + MLA (1·07); W + SFe + MLA + C15 (1·06).When the equations were applied to the breed means, there was substantial bias (predicted – actual carcass lean percentage). Bias ranged from approximately + 1·5 (purebred Canadian Holsteins and Luings ) to – 1·6 (Limousin crosses). The accuracy of carcass lean prediction was not improved by the addition of bone measurements to the equations but there was some improvement in the prediction of lean to bone ratio: cattle with light, thin bones tended to have higher ratios.Similar combinations of independent variables were found to provide the most precise prediction within breed.

A Study on Structural Strength in Carbody Structure of an Express Train

2009 ◽  
Vol 417-418 ◽  
pp. 101-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung Cheol Yoon ◽  
Jeong Guk Kim ◽  
Chang Sung Jeon ◽  
Won Kyung Kim ◽  
Kang Youn Choe
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Structural Strength ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
The Body ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Body Structure ◽  
Express Train ◽  
Multiple Units

In this paper, we describe a carbody structural analysis and the result of its stress test. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety and functionality of the body structure operating under maximum load. The body structure was made of aluminum alloy and consisted of the side frame, under frame, roof frame, and end frame. Of these components, the side frame and under frame were the most important components in consideration of the vehicle and passenger loads. Both the structural analysis and stress test were performed under the condition that was based on the "Performance Test Standard for Electrical Multiple Units." The test results showed that the body structure is safe and stable under the condition of the designed load.

scholarly journals ПАРАМЕТРИ ПРОМІРІВ ЛІНІЙНИХ ОЗНАК КОРІВ-ПЕРВІСТОК УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ БУРОЇ МОЛОЧНОЇ ПОРОДИ В АСПЕКТІ МЕТОДИКИ ЛІНІЙНОЇ КЛАСИФІКАЦІЇ ТВАРИН ЗА ЕКСТЕР’ЄРНИМ ТИПОМ

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 130-136
Author(s):  
V. I. Ladyka ◽  
L. M. Hmelnychyi ◽  
S. L. Hmelnychyi
Keyword(s):  
Classification Systems ◽  
The Body ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Linear Classification ◽  
Body Structure ◽  
Point Scale ◽  
Linear Type ◽  
Type Traits ◽  
Dairy Breed

Research on the development of measurements of parameters of linear traits of cows-heifers Ukrainian brown dairy breed in the aspect of technique of linear classification conformation conducted at leading breeding herds of Sumy region. Summarizing the international experience and based on our own research to assess the cows for conformation type using a procedure meeting international standards, designed parameters measurements type traits cow body within the biological extremes for linear classification methodology Ukrainian animal brown dairy breed by conformation. Within the biological extremes of these characteristics are determined gradation levels with their respective assessment score within the 9-point scale. Although there are recommendations by the World Organization for the Standardization of Identification, Accounting and Evaluation of Farm Animals (ICAR), which are intended to standardize methods for assessing body structure in accordance with the rules and standards established by each international federation for the corresponding dairy cattle breeds, there are various methodological approaches for the use of different techniques in the framework of the number of linear traits and measurements of parameters, that are entered into an electronic database of assessment as indicators of a scale. Descriptive linear traits of type (linear type traits) are the basis for all modern type classification systems and the foundation in all systems for describing dairy cows. In all breeds, such criteria are taken into account that provide information on productive traits or having a limiting influence on the use of animals. The linear scale covers the expected biological limits of the population, and the number of descriptive traits and their parameters, which are measured, depends on the country, each breed in the country where the assessment is carried out, certain parameters of the ideal type of cow and breeding purposes. In determining the target parameters of the assessed traits in the linear classification system, the level of development of each specific body part of the conformation to the absolute value of the measurement against the background of the body structure of harmony and the model expression characteristic Ukrainian brown dairy breed, economic and breeding significance in correlation with milk production quantity, obtained at the appropriate level of the nine-point scale. The use of target parameters allows, through a comparison of linear measurements of traits, expressed in absolute units, to the corresponding development of conformation traits, expressed by a certain score in points, at a sufficient level of objectivity and reliability to estimate the conformation type cows first-calf Ukrainian brown dairy breed. The developed parameters of measurements of the development of linear traits within the limits of biological extremes allow expert-boniters to significantly minimize the influence of the subjective factor on the evaluation indicators as opposed to techniques that use only visual evaluation.

Men’s Hunger, Food Consumption, and Preferences for Female Body Types

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 495-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Guéguen
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Female Body ◽  
The Body ◽  
Slender Body ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Point Scale ◽  
Body Type ◽  
Experimental Conditions

Nelson and Morrison (2005 , study 3) reported that men who feel hungry preferred heavier women. The present study replicates these results by using real photographs of women and examines the mediation effect of hunger scores. Men were solicited while entering or leaving a restaurant and asked to report their hunger on a 10-point scale. Afterwards, they were presented with three photographs of a woman in a bikini: One with a slim body type, one with a slender body type, and one with a slightly chubby body. The participants were asked to indicate their preference. Results showed that the participants entering the restaurant preferred the chubby body type more while satiated men preferred the thinner or slender body types. It was also found that the relation between experimental conditions and the choices of the body type was mediated by men’s hunger scores.

Pengembangan perangkat pembelajaran dengan menggunakan pendekatan keterampilan proses untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar mata pelajaran التربية الجسمية bagi siswa kelas XI IPA MAN I Kota Mojokerto

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Sudar Kajin
Keyword(s):  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Learning Strategy ◽  
Bone Structure ◽  
The Body ◽  
Process Skills ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Learning Tools ◽  
Body Structure ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
The Look

Growth and development of the child have the nature of a thorough and intertwined relationships between components (health, nutrition, and environment). In general, child development can be grouped into three areas, namely cognitive, affective, and psychomotor, whereas biological growth which includes a change in the body structure. Body structure regarding the changes in bone structure, especially the long bones that have an impact on changes in body size, whereas changes in bodily functions is a result of hormonal changes that affect the physiological function .. The purpose of this development are: 1) Describe the product feasibility study التربية الجسمية for grade XI IPA at MAN I Mojokerto 2) Describe the development of learning tools using process skills can improve learning outcomes subjects التربية الجسمية class XI IPA at MAN I Mojokerto From the results of this development can be concluded: 1) results of expert validation and testing, the model approach process skills is fit for use for subjects of Physical Education, Sport and Health, because the products developed are not revised by experts but from the results of questionnaire of students stated that require revision are: (a) Improve the look model or change the learning strategy, and (b) improve the use of resources in implementing the model. 2) Product development learning tools using process skills can improve learning outcomes subjects التربية الجسمية class XI IPA at MAN I Mojokerto. From the class of the test increased learning completeness of Pre and Post Tests Tests are respectively 77.78% increase to 91.67%.

PENGEMBANGAN BAHAN AJAR IPA SMP PADA TEMA ENERGI DALAM TUBUH MENGGUNAKAN METODE 4STMD

EDUSAINS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-175
Author(s):  
Gia Juniar Nur Wahidah ◽  
Sjaeful Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Concept Maps ◽  
The Body ◽  
Instructional Materials ◽  
Teaching Material ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Teaching Materials ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Material Development ◽  
Selection Step ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract This research aims to produce science teaching materials in junior level with Energy in The Body as the theme using Four Steps Teaching Material Development  (4STMD). The material is presented in an integrated way so that students can  think holistically and contextually. The method used in this study is Research and Development. In this R&D methods is used 4STMD. There are four steps done on the development of teaching materials, the selection step, structuring step, characterization, and didactic reduction. Selection step includes the selection of indicators in accordance with the demands of the curriculum which is then developed with the selection of concepts and values that are integrated with the concept of science. Structuring step includes make macro structures, concept maps, and multiple representations. Characterization's step includes preparation instruments, then  trial to students to identify difficult concepts. The last, didactic reduction was done by neglect and the annotations in the form of sketches.The test results readability aspect instructional materials lead to the conclusion that by determining the main idea, the legibility of teaching materials reached 67%, with moderate readability criteria. Test results of feasibility aspects based on the results of questionnaires to the 11 teachers lead to the conclusion that the overall, level of eligibility teaching materials reached 91% with the eligibility criteria well. Keywords: teaching materials; energy; 4STMD Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan bahan ajar IPA SMP pada tema Energi dalam Tubuh menggunakan metode Four Steps Teaching Material Development (4STMD). Materi disajikan secara terpadu sehingga memacu siswa untuk berpikir secara holistik dan kontekstual. Metode penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian dan pengembangan. Dalam penelitian dan pengembangan yang ini, digunakan metode Four Steps Teaching Material Development (4STMD). Terdapat empat tahap yang dilakukan pada pengembangan bahan ajar, yakni tahap seleksi, strukturisasi, karakterisasi, dan reduksi didaktik. Tahap seleksi meliputi pemilihan indikator yang sesuai dengan tuntutan kurikulum yang kemudian dikembangkan dengan pemilihan konsep dan nilai yang diintegrasikan dengan konsep IPA. Tahap strukturisasi meliputi pembuatan struktur makro, peta konsep, dan multipel representasi dari materi. Tahap karakterisasi meliputi penyusunan instrumen karakterisasi, kemudian uji coba kepada siswa untuk mengidentifikasi konsep sulit. Tahap terakhir, yaitu reduksi didaktik konsep terhadap konsep sulit. Reduksi didaktik yang dilakukan berupa pengabaian dan penggunaan penjelasan berupa sketsa. Hasil uji aspek keterbacaan bahan ajar menghasilkan kesimpulan bahwa berdasarkan penentuan ide pokok, keterbacaan bahan ajar mencapai 67%, dengan kriteria keterbacaan tinggi. Hasil uji aspek kelayakan berdasarkan hasil angket terhadap 11 orang guru menghasilkan kesimpulan bahwa secara keseluruhan tingkat kelayakan bahan ajar mencapai 91% dengan kriteria kelayakan baik sekali. Kata Kunci: bahan ajar; energi; 4STMD  Permalink/DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/es.v8i2.2039  

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