scholarly journals ACCELERATION MEASUREMENT OF ROAD VEHICLES BY MOBILE PHONE

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-90
Author(s):  
Atanas Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Measurement Accuracy ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Road Vehicles ◽  
Acceleration Measurement ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Influence Measurement

The paper reviews existing solutions for the application of an acceleration sensor built into a mobile phone. A drawback of the results published in the available literature is that the experimental studies are performed in laboratory conditions and that high-complexity procedures and algorithms are used. It is necessary to perform field surveys, taking into account the factors influencing the measurement of the acceleration with a mobile phone. The studies and results obtained are complementary to those available from the literature in that the measurements are made "on the road". Factors that influence measurement accuracy in real-life conditions are defined. The results obtained show that mobile phones, regardless of brand and model, should be used to make such measurements and comparisons before being used for such purposes in order to make objective results and conclusions in scientific developments.

scholarly journals Simulation Study of the Process of Friction in the Working Elements of a Car Braking System at Different Degrees of Wear

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Borawski
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Study ◽  
Friction Pair ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Heating Process ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
The Road ◽  
Emergency Braking ◽  
Braking System

Abstract Among the many elements of a modern vehicle, the braking system is definitely among the most important ones. Health, and, frequently, life, may rest upon the design and reliability of brakes. The most common friction pair used in passenger cars today is a disc which rotates with the road wheel and a cooperating pair of brake pads. The composite material of the pad results in changing tribological properties as the pad wears, which was demonstrated in experimental studies. The change is also facilitated by the harsh operating conditions of brakes (high and rapid temperature changes, water, etc.). This paper looks into how changing tribology reflects on the heating process of disc and pads during braking. And so a simulation study was conducted, as this method makes it possible to measure temperature in any given point and at any time, which is either impossible or extremely difficult in real life conditions. Finite element method analyses were performed for emergency braking events at various initial speeds of the vehicle reflecting the current road speed limits.

scholarly journals Design Method of ADAS for Urban Electric Vehicle Based on Virtual Prototyping

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Jezierska-Krupa ◽  
Wojciech Skarka
Keyword(s):  
Design Method ◽  
Virtual Prototyping ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Driver Assistance ◽  
Driver Assistance Systems ◽  
Smart Power ◽  
The Road ◽  
Unique Method ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Positive Effect

Since 2012, the Smart Power Team has been actively participating in the Shell Eco-marathon, which is a worldwide competition. From the very beginning, the team has been working to increase driver’s safety on the road by developing Advanced Driver Assistance Systems. This paper presents unique method for designing ADAS systems in order to minimize the costs of the design phase and system implementation and, at the same time, to maximize the positive effect the system has on driver and vehicle safety. The described method is based on using virtual prototyping tool to simulate the system performance in real-life situations. This approach enabled an iterative design process, which resulted in reduction of errors with almost no prototyping and testing costs.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF MOST SIGNIFICANT FACTORS FOR ANALYSIS OF HIGHWAY OPERATING CONDITIONS

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 493-497
Author(s):  
M. G. Solodkaya
Keyword(s):  
Real Life ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Dynamic Loads ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Vehicle Dynamic ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Pavement ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Significant Factors ◽  
Road System

Traffic circulation on highways is a random process. Therefore automotive damage rate and, respectively, roads on which they are moving is subjected to regularities of random processes. Dynamic processes of vehicle-road interaction are determined to various extents by a host of factors that include road pavement evenness and characteristics of moving vehicles. For this reason the following task has been set: to reveal the most significant factors and mathematically correlate values of vehicle dynamic loads with a quality of road pavement and vehicle speed. Such task statement has not been solved adequately and this situation determines importance and novelty of the investigations in the given direction. While solving the mentioned task the investigations which have been carried out under real-life conditions and with the help of real-life objects are considered as the most reliable ones. However, preparation and execution of such experiments as needed significantly complicates their implementation. In this regard it looks rather expediential to combine a factorial experiment with the tests of a checked model while using ECM with stage-by-stage parameter fixation of working processes passing in “vehicle-road” system, comprehensive assessment pertaining to influence of the selected factors and selection of their optimum combination. Mathematical dependence has been obtained to evaluate influence of several external factors on optimization of vehicle dynamic load on the road. This component makes it possible to attain a simplified and adequate description of element interaction in “vehicle – road” system. While investigating influence of pavement irregularities on maximum dynamic loads on the road influence rate of the selected factors is determined in the following sequence: vehicle weight, pavement evenness and speed of transport facility.

Monte Carlo Analysis of Safe Following Distances Under Different Road Conditions

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Kimbrough
Keyword(s):  
Probability Theory ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Monte Carlo Analysis ◽  
Reaction Rates ◽  
The Road ◽  
Lead Driver ◽  
Road Friction ◽  
On The Road ◽  
To Come ◽  
Lead Vehicle

In order to avoid accidents drivers must maintain an adequate amount of separating distance between themselves and vehicles in front of them. If the driver of the lead vehicle suddenly applies his brakes, the driver of the following vehicle needs sufficient time and space to react and apply his brakes to come to a stop. If all vehicles and drivers had the same brake performance, then the required separating distance would simply be the distance traveled while reacting; basically the product of the speed being traveled times the reaction time of the driver. This simple rule would guarantee that a following driver would be able to apply his brakes before arriving at the place on the road where the lead driver applied his brakes. In real life though, all vehicle and drivers do not have the same stopping performance. There are variations due to the different tires on the vehicles, the brake balance of the vehicles, the reaction rates of the drivers, the skills of the drivers, and the traction afforded by the particular wheel paths followed by the vehicles. One way to deal with these variations is to use probability theory [2–6]. In this paper probability theory is used to determine how following distance should vary as a function of speed, average road friction, and variation of the road friction, so that the probability of a collision remains below a desired threshold.

scholarly journals Analysis of the advancements in real-life performance of highly automated vehicles' with regard to the road traffic safety

2018 ◽  
Vol 231 ◽  
pp. 05003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Matysiak ◽  
Paula Razin
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Automated Vehicles ◽  
Automated Driving ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Traffic Safety ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Impact

The article presents the analysis of the performance of the vehicles equipped with automated driving systems (ADS) which were tested in real-life road conditions from 2015 to 2017 in the state of California. It aims at the effort to assess the impact on the road safety the continuous technological advancements in driving automation might have, based on of the first large-scale, real-life test deployments. Vehicle manufacturers and other stakeholders testing the highly automated vehicles in California are obliged to issue yearly reports which provide an insight on the test scale as well as the technology maturity. The so-called 'disengagement reports' highlight the range and number of control takeovers between the ADS and driver, which are made either based on driver's decision or information provided by the vehicle itself. The analysis of these reports allowed to investigate the development made in automated driving technology throughout the years of tests, as well as the direct or indirect influence of the external factors (e.g. various weather conditions) on the ADS performance. The results show that there is still a significant gap in reliability and safety between human drivers and highly automated vehicles which has been yet steadily decreasing due to technology advancements made while driving in the specific infrastructure and traffic conditions of California.

Landscape Design of City Road

2014 ◽  
Vol 1065-1069 ◽  
pp. 2753-2756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Main Part ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Landscape Design ◽  
Road Vehicles ◽  
Visual Effects ◽  
Traffic Demand ◽  
Traffic System ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The City

the road is the main part of city traffic system, connects the different functions of the city land. The actual function of road traffic and space includes two functions. As the bus approaches of road vehicles and personnel, with clear guidance, on both sides of the road environment landscape should be consistent with the requirements and guidance, achieve walking King visual effects shift. Planting and pavement texture color road side of the choice should have the sense of rhythm and ornamental. To meet the traffic demand at the same time, the road can form an important view corridor. Therefore, the design should pay attention to the landscape and vision on the road, in order to strengthen the focus of the landscape.

scholarly journals SMS User Interface Result Checking System

10.28945/3301 ◽  
2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Adagunodo ◽  
Oludele Awodele ◽  
Sunday Idowu
Keyword(s):  
User Interface ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Cell Phones ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
The Road ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Short Messaging Service ◽  
Almost Everywhere ◽  
On The Road

In this paper, we present a way to bring information to students by leveraging the availability of phones (with SMS capability), especially cell phones. We review the use of mobile phones for delivering examination results via Short Messaging Service (SMS) in a university, where student who have written examinations and anxious to see their results need to get their grades in a convenient and accessible way, whether in the comfort of their homes, on the road or while at work. Mobile phone seems to be an asset most individuals’ posses, and take almost everywhere with them, it is therefore a highly effective means of bringing information to them faster, easily and on the move. An SMS result checking system not only enables students to request for their grades, the system can also deliver the grades to their phones as soon as the grades become available. This means that they can access their grades even in the remotest locations where internet facility might be unavailable, preventing them from accessing the school’s website. This study shows the implementation of such system and considers the security issues associated. The system enforces security with the use of secret information (password), and also provides access to new and old grades.

scholarly journals Effect of Driver Behaviour on Traffic Jams

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 272-281
Author(s):  
V. N. Baskov ◽  
D. A. Krasnikova ◽  
E. I. Isaeva
Keyword(s):  
Probability Distribution ◽  
Response Time ◽  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Driver Behaviour ◽  
Driving Style ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road

Driving in a traffic flow implies involvement in difficult traffic situations that adversely affects response time of a driver, which in turn is considered when estimating stopping distance of a vehicle and determines road safety. This relationship shows the effect of driver behaviour in traffic flow on the road traffic situation. The objective of the study was to study behavioural factors that influence driver’s decisions. The study used methods of driver behaviour modelling, mathematical modelling, experimental studies of the mental and psychological functions of drivers. Modelling the driver’s behaviour, considering various combinations of many behavioural and other factors, leads to a large number of options for mathematical description of driver behaviour, which makes it difficult to use this approach to describe behaviour of drivers under the conditions of a real street-road network. The research has analysed several works devoted to the study of control action of drivers, using unknown coefficients, describing a model of movement of vehicles considering accuracy of their control. Driving through an unregulated intersection is considered as the most complex and informative version of driver’s behaviour. It is found that when modelling a traffic flow, it is necessary to take into account the degree of resoluteness of drivers (through determination of a coefficient of resoluteness which is a random variable that takes into account the probability distribution of the coefficient’s value in conjunction with the probability distribution of the function of traffic flow intensity). The distribution of the coefficient of resoluteness of drivers, obtained from experimental data, was subject to analysis. It is determined that the driving style affects formation of traffic congestion. The assessment of the driving style is made through conditional classification of driver behaviour on the road, namely marked by manifestation of aggression and timidity. When studying the behaviour of timid and aggressive drivers, several pairs of trajectories and the dynamics of the corresponding traffic flow density, were considered and calculated based on Edie’s model. It has been confirmed that traffic congestion has the greatest negative effect on choleric drivers and sanguine drivers. Besides, there is a relationship between the response time of a driver and the change in his functional condition. It is concluded that to improve road safety thanks to a more accurate assessment of possible risks of formation of congestion situations, it is necessary to consider behavioural characteristics and temperaments of the drivers.

scholarly journals Driver Behavior Classification System Analysis Using Machine Learning Methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 10562
Author(s):  
Raymond Ghandour ◽  
Albert Jose Potams ◽  
Ilyes Boulkaibet ◽  
Bilel Neji ◽  
Zaher Al Barakeh
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Gradient Boosting ◽  
Machine Learning Classification ◽  
The Road ◽  
Machine Learning Methods ◽  
Boosting Method ◽  
On The Road

Distraction while driving occurs when a driver is engaged in non-driving activities. These activities reduce the driver’s attention and focus on the road, therefore increasing the risk of accidents. As a consequence, the number of accidents increases and infrastructure is damaged. Cars are now equipped with different safety precautions that ensure driver awareness and attention at all times. The first step for such systems is to define whether the driver is distracted or not. Different methods are proposed to detect such distractions, but they lack efficiency when tested in real-life situations. In this paper, four machine learning classification methods are implemented and compared to identify drivers’ behavior and distraction situations based on real data corresponding to different behaviors such as aggressive, drowsy and normal. The data were randomized for a better application of the methods. We demonstrate that the gradient boosting method outperforms the other used classifiers.

scholarly journals Real versus Simulated Mobile Phone Exposures in Experimental Studies

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitris J. Panagopoulos ◽  
Olle Johansson ◽  
George L. Carlo
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Environmental Stressors ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
Clinical Experiments ◽  
Mobile Phone Radiation

We examined whether exposures to mobile phone radiation in biological/clinical experiments should be performed with real-life Electromagnetic Fields (EMFs) emitted by commercially available mobile phone handsets, instead of simulated EMFs emitted by generators or test phones. Real mobile phone emissions are constantly and unpredictably varying and thus are very different from simulated emissions which employ fixed parameters and no variability. This variability is an important parameter that makes real emissions more bioactive. Living organisms seem to have decreased defense against environmental stressors of high variability. While experimental studies employing simulated EMF-emissions present a strong inconsistency among their results with less than 50% of them reporting effects, studies employing real mobile phone exposures demonstrate an almost 100% consistency in showing adverse effects. This consistency is in agreement with studies showing association with brain tumors, symptoms of unwellness, and declines in animal populations. Average dosimetry in studies with real emissions can be reliable with increased number of field measurements, and variation in experimental outcomes due to exposure variability becomes less significant with increased number of experimental replications. We conclude that, in order for experimental findings to reflect reality, it is crucially important that exposures be performed by commercially available mobile phone handsets.

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