scholarly journals Real versus Simulated Mobile Phone Exposures in Experimental Studies

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitris J. Panagopoulos ◽  
Olle Johansson ◽  
George L. Carlo
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Environmental Stressors ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
Clinical Experiments ◽  
Mobile Phone Radiation

We examined whether exposures to mobile phone radiation in biological/clinical experiments should be performed with real-life Electromagnetic Fields (EMFs) emitted by commercially available mobile phone handsets, instead of simulated EMFs emitted by generators or test phones. Real mobile phone emissions are constantly and unpredictably varying and thus are very different from simulated emissions which employ fixed parameters and no variability. This variability is an important parameter that makes real emissions more bioactive. Living organisms seem to have decreased defense against environmental stressors of high variability. While experimental studies employing simulated EMF-emissions present a strong inconsistency among their results with less than 50% of them reporting effects, studies employing real mobile phone exposures demonstrate an almost 100% consistency in showing adverse effects. This consistency is in agreement with studies showing association with brain tumors, symptoms of unwellness, and declines in animal populations. Average dosimetry in studies with real emissions can be reliable with increased number of field measurements, and variation in experimental outcomes due to exposure variability becomes less significant with increased number of experimental replications. We conclude that, in order for experimental findings to reflect reality, it is crucially important that exposures be performed by commercially available mobile phone handsets.

scholarly journals The Influence of Alcohol Consumption on Fighting, Shoplifting and Vandalism in Young Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3509
Author(s):  
Ieuan Evans ◽  
Jon Heron ◽  
Joseph Murray ◽  
Matthew Hickman ◽  
Gemma Hammerton
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
Avon Longitudinal Study ◽  
Causal Component

Experimental studies support the conventional belief that people behave more aggressively whilst under the influence of alcohol. To examine how these experimental findings manifest in real life situations, this study uses a method for estimating evidence for causality with observational data—‘situational decomposition’ to examine the association between alcohol consumption and crime in young adults from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Self-report questionnaires were completed at age 24 years to assess typical alcohol consumption and frequency, participation in fighting, shoplifting and vandalism in the previous year, and whether these crimes were committed under the influence of alcohol. Situational decomposition compares the strength of two associations, (1) the total association between alcohol consumption and crime (sober or intoxicated) versus (2) the association between alcohol consumption and crime committed while sober. There was an association between typical alcohol consumption and total crime for fighting [OR (95% CI): 1.47 (1.29, 1.67)], shoplifting [OR (95% CI): 1.25 (1.12, 1.40)], and vandalism [OR (95% CI): 1.33 (1.12, 1.57)]. The associations for both fighting and shoplifting had a small causal component (with the association for sober crime slightly smaller than the association for total crime). However, the association for vandalism had a larger causal component.

scholarly journals ACCELERATION MEASUREMENT OF ROAD VEHICLES BY MOBILE PHONE

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-90
Author(s):  
Atanas Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Measurement Accuracy ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Road Vehicles ◽  
Acceleration Measurement ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Influence Measurement

The paper reviews existing solutions for the application of an acceleration sensor built into a mobile phone. A drawback of the results published in the available literature is that the experimental studies are performed in laboratory conditions and that high-complexity procedures and algorithms are used. It is necessary to perform field surveys, taking into account the factors influencing the measurement of the acceleration with a mobile phone. The studies and results obtained are complementary to those available from the literature in that the measurements are made "on the road". Factors that influence measurement accuracy in real-life conditions are defined. The results obtained show that mobile phones, regardless of brand and model, should be used to make such measurements and comparisons before being used for such purposes in order to make objective results and conclusions in scientific developments.

scholarly journals Non-thermal effects of mobile phone radiation on brain

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 16-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Babalyan ◽  
A. O. Karelin
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Thermal Effects ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Electromagnetic Emission ◽  
Subjective Symptoms ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Brain Barrier Permeability ◽  
Mobile Phone Radiation

This article gives a review of major experimental studies devoted to the effect of mobile phone electromagnetic emission on brain. The most relevant and fundamental studies were reviewed. Both positive and negative results were analyzed to give a straight answer, if mobile phone emission effects brain electrophysiology, cognitive function, subjective symptoms and blood-brain barrier permeability.

scholarly journals Did the NSA and GCHQ Diminish Our Privacy? What the Control Account Should Say

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonhard Menges
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Mobile Phone Data ◽  
Standard Account ◽  
Do So

AbstractA standard account of privacy says that it is essentially a kind of control over personal information. Many privacy scholars have argued against this claim by relying on so-called threatened loss cases. In these cases, personal information about an agent is easily available to another person, but not accessed. Critics contend that control accounts have the implausible implication that the privacy of the relevant agent is diminished in threatened loss cases. Recently, threatened loss cases have become important because Edward Snowden’s revelation of how the NSA and GCHQ collected Internet and mobile phone data presents us with a gigantic, real-life threatened loss case. In this paper, I will defend the control account of privacy against the argument that is based on threatened loss cases. I will do so by developing a new version of the control account that implies that the agents’ privacy is not diminished in threatened loss cases.

scholarly journals Mobile Phone Use and Mental Health. A Review of the Research That Takes a Psychological Perspective on Exposure

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 2692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Thomée
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Mobile Phone Use ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Behavioral Perspective

The purpose of this study was to carry out a review of observational studies that consider links between mobile phone use and mental health from a psychological or behavioral perspective. Systematic literature searches in PubMed and PsycINFO for articles published until 2017 were done. Exclusion criteria included: papers that considered radiofrequency fields, attention, safety, relational consequences, sexual behavior, cyberbullying, and reviews, qualitative, and case or experimental studies. A total of 4738 papers were screened by title and abstract, 404 were retrieved in full text, and 290 were included. Only 5% had any longitudinal design. Self-reporting was the dominating method of measurement. One third of the studies included children or youth. A majority of adult populations consisted of university students and/or self-selected participants. The main research results included associations between frequent mobile phone use and mental health outcomes, such as depressive symptoms and sleep problems. Mobile phone use at bedtime was associated with, e.g., shorter sleep duration and lower sleep quality. “Problematic use” (dependency) was associated with several negative outcomes. In conclusion, associations between mobile phone use and adverse mental health outcomes are found in studies that take a psychological or behavioral perspective on the exposure. However, more studies of high quality are needed in order to draw valid conclusions about the mechanisms and causal directions of associations.

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