Pest Risk Management in Trade: The Opportunity from Using Integrated Combined Measures in a Systems Approach (ISPM 14)

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 106-112
Author(s):  
M. Megan Quinlan ◽  
Adrian Leach ◽  
Michael Jeger ◽  
John Mumford
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Economic Stress ◽  
Phytosanitary Measure ◽  
Support Tools ◽  
Phytosanitary Measures ◽  
Trade Partners ◽  
Pest Risk

During the International Year of Plant Health, the role of pest risk management in trade is reemphasised. Systems Approach uses a combination of measures to reduce pest risk, making it more robust against failure than a single pre-export phytosanitary measure. The original context for formalising Systems Approach in an International Standard for Phytosanitary Measures (ISPM 14) is considered next to today's global situation. A summary of advantages and challenges for implementation concludes with recommendations. The use of decision support tools is highlighted as one way to increase confidence in the efficacy of a system that may include very different types of measures with varying kinds of supportive evidence. Ultimately trust and confidence between trade partners is key to finding pest risk management that allows safe trade. At a time of global economic stress, this article encourages those involved in trade to embrace Systems Approach as an effective approach to preventing the spread of plant pests, as coordinated by the International Plant Protection Convention and its over 180 member countries.

scholarly journals A review of methods for assessing and managing market access and biosecurity risks using systems approaches

2013 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.E. Jamieson ◽  
H.N. DeSilva ◽  
S.P. Worner ◽  
D.J. Rogers ◽  
M.G. Hill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
World Trade Organisation ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Management Effectiveness ◽  
Systems Approaches ◽  
Complex Processes ◽  
Phytosanitary Measures

Systems approaches to managing risks on a pathway are increasingly seen as alternatives to singlepoint risk management treatments applied at the border One key challenge of systems approaches is the difficulty in measuring risk management effectiveness across an entire pathway comprising many complex processes The World Trade Organisation (WTO) agreement on the application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary measures (SPS) states that measures must be applied only to the extent required to achieve an appropriate degree of sanitary/phytosanitary protection (not unnecessarily traderestrictive) and must use sciencebased risk assessment The framework for import risk analysis within the scope of the International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) is outlined in the International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures (ISPMs) Although a systems approach and independent risk reduction system processes are described in various ISPMs the methodology for determining risk across an entire pathway with complex processes is not This contribution reviews methodologies with potential for such use

scholarly journals Beyond compliance: project on an integrated systems approach for pest risk management in South East Asia

EPPO Bulletin ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Mengersen ◽  
M. M. Quinlan ◽  
P. J. L. Whittle ◽  
J. D. Knight ◽  
J. D. Mumford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Integrated Systems ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Pest Risk

The role of graining in ensuring food security

2020 ◽  
pp. 75-79
Author(s):  
R. M. Gambarova
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
The Government ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Grain Farms

Relevance. Grain is the key to strategic products to ensure food security. From this point of view, the creation of large grain farms is a matter for the country's selfsufficiency and it leading to a decrease in financial expense for import. Creation of such farms creates an abundance of productivity from the area and leads to obtaining increased reproductive seeds. The main policy of the government is to minimize dependency from import, create abundance of food and create favorable conditions for export potential.The purpose of the study: the development of grain production in order to ensure food security of the country and strengthen government support for this industry.Methods: comparative analysis, systems approach.Results. As shown in the research, if we pay attention to the activities of private entrepreneurship in the country, we can see result of the implementation of agrarian reforms after which various types of farms have been created in republic.The role of privateentrepreneurshipinthedevelopmentofproduction is great. Тhe article outlines the sowing area, production, productivity, import, export of grain and the level of selfsufficiency in this country from 2015 till 2017.

The investment activity of Russian business: Relationships with corporate income tax burden

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 800-823
Author(s):  
A.A. Razuvaeva ◽  
N.V. Pokrovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Corporate Income Tax ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Tax Burden ◽  
Return On Assets ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Tax Benefits

Subject. This article assesses the role of tax incentives for the Russian business' investment behavior. Objectives. The article aims to identify the relationship between the corporate income tax burden as an indicator responding to tax benefits application and the investment activities of Russian companies. Methods. For the study, we used the methods of analysis and synthesis, and the systems approach. The analysis covers the period from 2012 to 2018. The data of the Russian Federal State Statistics Service, Federal Tax Service of Russia, and the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation are the source of information for analysis. Results. The article summarizes the characteristics of the investment activity of the Russian business. However, the article does not reveal any obvious relationship between the income tax burden and the investment activity of the Russian business in the 2010s. There is also no link found between fixed investment and return on assets. Conclusions. The increase in income tax burden in the late 2010s, accompanied by a decrease in profitability, poses a threat to the active investment development of Russian organizations.

Methodological foundations of plant protection from dangerous pests in nurseries of fruit and berry crops

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-176
Author(s):  
A. S. Zeynalov
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Berry Crops ◽  
Quality Category ◽  
Phytosanitary Measures

In the production of planting material, it is important to choose a healthy, highly productive source material, with typical varietal characteristics, and, if necessary, their disinfection), as well as reliable protection against dangerous pests at further stages of cultivation. This requires a scientifically based methodological approach and phytosanitary measures in several areas. First of all, it is required to study and classify in detail hazardous pests and pathogens, select methods for accounting and identifying in accordance with their degree of danger and the quality category of planting material. Apply comprehensive measures to prevent the entry of pests in the territory of growing planting material and timely eliminate the centers of potential threat.

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