scholarly journals Coinoculaton of endophytic diazotroph with PGPR and AM fungi for enhancing sugarcane production

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (AAEBSSD) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
E. Jamuna ◽  
S. Thiruvarassan ◽  
P. Sridhar
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer ◽  
Cane Yield ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Ratoon Crop ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Bacterial Sources

The field experiment was conducted at Sugarcane Research Station, Cuddalore during 2010 – 2012, to evaluate the response of sugarcane variety CoC 24 to the application of bioinoculants viz., Gluconoacetobacter diazotrophicus, AM fungi and Azophos (Azospirillum and phosphobacteria), under different levels of N, P2O5 and K2O inorganic fertilizer in plant and ratoon crop. The results revealed that the application of mycorrhizae, G. diazotrophicus, Azospirillum and phosphobacteria significantly produced higher cane yield in plant crop. The application of Gluconoacetobacter diazotrophicus @10 kg + AM fungi + Azophos @10 kg + 75 % NPK recorded the maximum germination and tiller population and also maximum mean millable cane population of 1.32 lakhs /ha, cane yield (137.45 t/ha) and sugar yield (16.96 t/ha). Similar results were recorded with the ratoon crop. The population of Azospirillum and Pseudomonas are higher compared to that of Glucanoacetobacter diazotrophicus and phosphobacteria. The application of bioinoculants improves soil microbial biomass and their by enhancing soil organic matter content. The applied bacterial sources helps in nitrogen fixation and also in continuous mobilizing and solubilisation of nutrients and their persistence and colonization in soil is an added advantage and also enhances the soil fertility. The usage of these bioinoculants inturn reduces the inorganic fertilizer input and thereby reduces the cost of cultivation.

The relationship between digestibility or energy losses as methane and metabolisable energy content of whole crop wheat

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 41-41
Author(s):  
A.T. Adesogan ◽  
E. Owen ◽  
D.I. Givens
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Energy Losses ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Relationship

Estimates of the metabolisable energy (ME) content of whole crop wheat (WCW) derived using measured energy losses as methane (ELMm) are lacking due to the cost of measuring ELMm. Published ME values of WCW are largely calculated using predicted energy losses as methane (ELMp, Blaxter and Clapperton, 1965) or digestible organic matter content (DOMD) in vivo. However, there appears to be no published information about the accuracy with which DOMD in vivo or ELMp predicts the ME content of WCW. Therefore, this study assessed the validity of such ME predictions by comparing them with ME contents calculated using ELMm.

scholarly journals Hydrogels Improve Plant Growth in Mars Analog Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédéric Peyrusson
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Soil Water Retention ◽  
Mentha Spicata ◽  
Potting Medium

Sustainable human settlement on Mars will require in situ resource utilization (ISRU), the collection and utilization of Mars-based resources, including notably water and a substrate for food production. Plants will be fundamental components of future human missions to Mars, and the question of whether Mars soils can support plant growth is still open. Moreover, plant cultivation may suffer from the lack of in situ liquid water, which might constitute one of the biggest challenges for ISRU-based food production on Mars. Enhancing the crop yield with less water input and improving water utilization by plants are thus chief concern for sustainable ISRU food production. Hydrogels are polymers able to absorb large quantity of water and to increase soil water retention, plant establishment and growth. This work reports on the short-term assessment of plant growth in Mars soil analogs supplemented with hydrogels. Soil analogs consisted of sand and clay-rich material, with low organic matter content and alkaline pH. Soils were supplemented with 10% (w/w) potting medium and were sampled in Utah desert, in the vicinity of the Mars Desert Research Station, surrounded by soils sharing similarities in mineralogical and chemical composition to Martian soils. Height and dry biomass of spearmint (Mentha spicata) were compared under various irrigation frequencies, and seed germination of radish (Raphanus sativus) were monitored. Under limited irrigation, results indicate that the soil analogs were less capable of supporting plant growth as a comparison to potting medium. The effects of hydrogel supplementation were significant under limited irrigation and led to spearmint heights increased by 3 and 6% in clay- and sand-containing soils, respectively. Similarly, hydrogel supplementation resulted in spearmint mass increased by 110% in clay-containing soils and 78% in sand-containing soils. Additionally, while radish seeds failed to germinate in soil analogs, hydrogel supplementation allows for the germination of 27% of seeds, indicating that hydrogels might help loosening dense media with low water retention. Collectively, the results suggest that supplementation with hydrogel and plant growth substrate could help plants cope with limited irrigation and poor alkaline Mars soil analogs, and are discussed in the context of strategies for ISRU-based off-world colonization.

scholarly journals Análisis de poblaciones de micorrizas en maíz (Zea mays) cultivado en suelos ácidos bajo diferentes tratamientos agronómicos

2004 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana María Serralde O. ◽  
María Margarita Ramírez G.
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Stepwise Multiple Regression ◽  
Soil Conditions

<p>Mediante el seguimiento de cultivos experimentales en suelos ácidos de los Llanos Orientales, durante un periodo de cinco años consecutivos (1997-2001), se evaluaron las poblaciones nativas de hongos micorrícicos arbusculares (MA) asociados con dos variedades de maíz: ICA- Sikuani V-110 y la variedad regional criolla Clavito, analizando su comportamiento bajo distintos tratamientos con abono orgánico (gallinaza), abono verde (Caupí) y testigo sin aplicación de materiales orgánicos, para un total de seis tratamientos. De 7.924 esporas analizadas se aislaron veinticuatro morfotipos identificados morfológica y molecularmente. Se determinó la relación de las condiciones del suelo (pH, los contenidos de materia orgánica, P, K, Al+++ y % saturación Al) con el comportamiento de las poblaciones de MA. Con la aplicación del Análisis de Regresión Múltiple (Stepwise), se obtuvieron coeficientes significativos (P≤ 0.001 y R2 ≥ 83) para todas las variables y se seleccionaron como variables predictivas principales el pH y la materia orgánica del suelo, que presentaron coeficientes significativos para cinco y cuatro de los siete modelos establecidos, respectivamente. La técnica molecular empleada basada en la Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa (PCR), con el uso de primers específicos, permitió la identificación confirmatoria de las esporas aisladas de los géneros <em>Glomus, Entrophospora </em>y <em>Gigaspora</em>. Además, mediante el uso de esta metodología se logró identificar la presencia del género <em>Glomus</em>en raíces de maíz altamente colonizadas.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Mycorrhiza populations analysis in corn (<em>Zea mays</em>) cultivated in acid soils under different agronomic treatments</strong></p><p>A study was carried out to evaluate the populations of native arbuscular mycorrhizas (AM) fungi on established crops on acid soils of the Colombian Eastern Plains, for a period of five years (1997-2001). Fungi spores were isolated from the crop-fungi association of two maize cultivars: ICASikuani V-110 and the regional cultivar Clavito. The mycorrhizal behavior was evaluated under six different organic fertilization treatments, which included green manure (cowpea), chicken manure and a control treatment (no application). From a total of 7924 spores, 24 different types of mycorrhiza were characterized using morphological and molecular analysis. The relation between soil conditions (pH, organic matter contents, P, K, Al+++ and % Al saturation) and AM fungi populations was analysed using a Stepwise Multiple Regression model. According to the regression coefficients obtained (P≤ 0.001 y R2 ≥ 0.83), soil pH and organic matter content were the independent variables that explained most of the variation observed in AM populations. The molecular methodology was based on the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and the use of specific primers allowed to identify spores from <em>Glomus</em>, <em>Entrophospora </em>and <em>Gigaspora</em>. This methodology also provided the identification of fungi from the <em>Glomus </em>genera in highly colonized maize roots.</p>

scholarly journals Geographic patterns of biodiversity in European coastal marine benthos

2016 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 507-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herman Hummel ◽  
Pim Van Avesaath ◽  
Sander Wijnhoven ◽  
Loran Kleine-Schaars ◽  
Steven Degraer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Local Variation ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
Coastal Marine ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Taxonomic Groups ◽  
The Cost

Within the COST action EMBOS (European Marine Biodiversity Observatory System) the degree and variation of the diversity and densities of soft-bottom communities from the lower intertidal or the shallow subtidal was measured at 28 marine sites along the European coastline (Baltic, Atlantic, Mediterranean) using jointly agreed and harmonized protocols, tools and indicators. The hypothesis tested was that the diversity for all taxonomic groups would decrease with increasing latitude. The EMBOS system delivered accurate and comparable data on the diversity and densities of the soft sediment macrozoobenthic community over a large-scale gradient along the European coastline. In contrast to general biogeographic theory, species diversity showed no linear relationship with latitude, yet a bell-shaped relation was found. The diversity and densities of benthos were mostly positively correlated with environmental factors such as temperature, salinity, mud and organic matter content in sediment, or wave height, and related with location characteristics such as system type (lagoons, estuaries, open coast) or stratum (intertidal, subtidal). For some relationships, a maximum (e.g. temperature from 15–20°C; mud content of sediment around 40%) or bimodal curve (e.g. salinity) was found. In lagoons the densities were twice higher than in other locations, and at open coasts the diversity was much lower than in other locations. We conclude that latitudinal trends and regional differences in diversity and densities are strongly influenced by, i.e. merely the result of, particular sets and ranges of environmental factors and location characteristics specific to certain areas, such as the Baltic, with typical salinity clines (favouring insects) and the Mediterranean, with higher temperatures (favouring crustaceans). Therefore, eventual trends with latitude are primarily indirect and so can be overcome by local variation of environmental factors.

scholarly journals Effect of land management on soil properties in flood irrigated citrus orchards in Eastern Spain

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Morugán-Coronado ◽  
F. García-Orenes ◽  
A. Cerdà
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Land Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Microbial Properties ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Citrus Orchards

Abstract. Agricultural land management greatly affects soil properties. Microbial soil communities are the most sensitive and rapid indicators of perturbations in land use and soil enzyme activities are sensitive biological indicators of the effects of soil management practices. Citrus orchards frequently have degraded soils and this paper evaluates how land management in citrus orchards can improve soil quality. A field experiment was performed in an orchard of orange trees (Citrus Sinensis) in the Alcoleja Experimental Station (Eastern Spain) with clay-loam agricultural soils to assess the long-term effects of herbicides with inorganic fertilizers (H), intensive ploughing and inorganic fertilizers (P) and organic farming (O) on the soil microbial properties, and to study the relationship between them. Nine soil samples were taken from each agricultural management plot. In all the samples the basal soil respiration, soil microbial biomass carbon, water holding capacity, electrical conductivity, soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, aggregate stability, cation exchange capacity, pH, texture, macronutrients (Na, Ca and Mg), micronutrients (Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu), calcium carbonate equivalent, calcium carbonate content of limestone and enzimatic activities (urease, dehydrogenase, β-glucosidase and acid phosphatase) were determined. The results showed a substantial level of differentiation in the microbial properties, which were highly associated with soil organic matter content. The management practices including herbicides and intensive ploughing had similar results on microbial soil properties. O management contributed to an increase in the soil biology quality, aggregate stability and organic matter content.

scholarly journals Seed yield of linseed varieties grown as ‘paira’ crop as influenced by dates of sowing

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
K. Jana ◽  
S. K. Das ◽  
D. C. Roy ◽  
M. K. Kundu ◽  
A. Kundu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Rabi Season ◽  
Pooled Data ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Available Phosphate ◽  
Plot Design

Linseed is an industrial crop cultivated for its seeds, fibres and oil purpose. Linseed crop can met their requirement i.e. moisture and nutritional demand from stored soil moisture and residual fertility status in "utera‟ or "paira‟ system of cropping. On the basis of this fact an experiment was conducted on “Seed yield of linseed varieties grown as paira crop as influenced by dates of sowing” in red and laterite zone of West Bengal during rabi season of 2012-13 and 2013-14 at Rice Research Station, Bankura, West Bengal, India. Poor in organic matter content, available phosphate and bases, hard structure of iron and aluminium patterned as honeycomb are present in the subsurface regions of the profiles and kaolinite is the predominant clay minerals of red and lateritic zone (western part) of West Bengal. This experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with three replications and compared two factors (dates of sowing and linseed varieties). Objective was identifying the optimum date of sowing and suitable linseed varieties grown as „paira‟ crop under changed climate in red and laterite zone of West Bengal. The experimental results revealed that the highest seed yield (534 kg ha-1 as pooled value) was recorded from the treatment D1 i.e. linseed sown on 15th November. The lowest seed yield (489.2 kg ha-1 as pooled value) was obtained with treatment D3 i.e. linseed sown on 29th November. Among linseed varieties, T-397 has yielded highest seed yield (573.4 kg ha-1 as pooled value). Lowest seed yield (409. 3 kg ha-1 as pooled data) was recorded from Neela variety. From the present study it may be concluded that linseed sown on 15th November is the best time and T-397 is the suitable linseed variety grown as "paira‟ crop under changed climate in red and laterite zone of West Bengal.

scholarly journals Study on the Revitalization Potential of Thermal-treated Soils

2002 ◽  
Vol 51 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 129-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
László Vermes ◽  
B. Biró
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Great Success ◽  
Organic Additives ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Microbial Inocula

A pot experiment was set up at the Experimental Farm of the Faculty of Horticultural Sciences of the Szent István University in 2001 investigating the revitalization effect of selected treatments on thermal-treated soils and other production substances. In the experiment 6 factors and 7 treatments were used, each in 4 replicates, using rape ( Brassica napus DC ) as test plant. During the time period of the experiment (29 May-17 August) continuous observations and measurements were conducted, plant and soil analyses - chemical and microbiological - were made to establish the main effects and results of the different treatments. These are discussed in the paper in detail. Although the soil-vitalization procedures were of great success, no treatment in the experiment had an extremely positive effect. Various additives, however could enhance the re-colonization processes significantly.  According to the basic factors (the soils or substrates) the best treatments were: the A1 (clay-pearl) additive and the C2, C3 factors (the medium and low temperature soil treatments).  Among the treatment combinations, treatments IV and VII were the best ( compost and compost + inocula addition). This fact shows that the compost in a good quality, and the compost enriched, compost extracted microbial inocula can play the most important role in the revitalization of thermal-treated soils. Manure addition and the manure + inocula treatment can also be used as a prominent treatment in the restoration, to increase the organic matter content and the microbial activity in soils. The single alga- and microbial inocula treatment was not successful permanently, therefore their use - without adding any parallel organic matter - cannot be recommended. Investigations of the soil microbial activity showed that the lowest temperature of thermal treatments had resulted a more effective revitalization. The clay-pearl additive increased the persistency and activity of the microbes in the soil. It was also obviously found that the organic additives with or without the microbial inoculations could be used potentially as the best soil revitalization treatments. 

scholarly journals Microbial alterations of the soil influenced by induced compaction

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 1207-1213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Breno Pupin ◽  
Onã da Silva Freddi ◽  
Ely Nahas
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Denitrifying Bacteria ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Nitrifying Bacteria ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Agricultural Machines

Compaction is one of the most destructive factors of soil quality, however the effects on the microbial community and enzyme activity have not been investigated in detail so far. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of soil compaction caused by the traffic of agricultural machines on the soil microbial community and its enzyme activity. Six compaction levels were induced by tractors with different weights driving over a Eutrustox soil and the final density was measured. Soil samples were collected after corn from the layers 0-0.10 and 0.10-0.20 m. The compaction effect on all studied properties was evident. Total bacteria counts were reduced significantly (by 22-30 %) and by 38-41 % of nitrifying bacteria in the soil with highest bulk density compared to the control. On the other hand, fungi populations increased 55-86 % and denitrifying bacteria 49-53 %. Dehydrogenase activity decreased 20-34 %, urease 44-46 % and phosphatase 26-28 %. The organic matter content and soil pH decreased more in the 0-0.10 than in the 0.10-0.20 m layer and possibly influenced the reduction of the microbial counts, except denitrifying bacteria, and all enzyme activities, except urease. Results indicated that soil compaction influences the community of aerobic microorganisms and their activity. This effect can alter nutrient cycling and reduce crop yields.

scholarly journals Genetic and Metabolic Diversity of Soil Microbiome in Response to Exogenous Organic Matter Amendments

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Gryta ◽  
Magdalena Frąc ◽  
Karolina Oszust
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Microbiome ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Microbiological Parameters ◽  
Dehydrogenases Activity

Loss of organic matter content of cultivated soils is observed in many regions of Europe. The possibility of using organic waste as a soil additive that enriches the soil with organic matter and essential components is important in soil quality protection and waste management. This research concerned the influence of six organic wastes—two industrial composts, three digestates and meat bone meal—on soil microbial properties. The study of functional microbial diversity concerns the determination of the catabolic capacity of bacterial, fungal and anaerobic communities in relation to carbon substrates in metabolic profiling plates (Biolog® ECO, FF, AN (Biolog Inc., Hayward, CA, USA)). The assessment of genetic diversity was made on the basis of analysis of the restriction profile of ammonia-oxidizing archaea. Additionally, soil dehydrogenases activity was determined. The research showed that the type of organic waste used had an influence on the microbiological parameters. The application of exogenous organic matter caused increases in functional and genetic microbial diversity. The nature of the noted changes was short term and periodic. The values of the microbiological parameters in soils with organic waste were similar to those of the control samples. This indicates an improved microbiological balance and stability of the soil environment after the application of exogenous organic matter.

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