scholarly journals COMPARAÇÃO DE DOIS MÉTODOS DE APLICAÇÃO DE FUNGICIDAS, IRRIGAÇÃO POR GOTEJAMENTO E PULVERIZAÇÃO CONVENCIONAL NO CONTROLE DO MOFO CINZENTO (Botrytis cinerea Pers.: Fr.) EM VASOS COM PLANTAS DE LISIANTHUS (Eustoma grandiflorum (Raf.) Shinn.)

Irriga ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 328-338
Author(s):  
Ieoschua Katz ◽  
Antonio Ribeiro da Cunha ◽  
Antonio De Pádua Sousa ◽  
Egberto Egon de Herdani
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Eustoma Grandiflorum ◽  
Stage Number ◽  
Thiophanate Methyl ◽  
Fungicide Application ◽  
Potted Plants ◽  
Application Methods ◽  
Lower Production

COMPARAÇÃO DE DOIS MÉTODOS DE APLICAÇÃO DE FUNGICIDAS,IRRIGAÇÃO POR GOTEJAMENTO  E PULVERIZAÇÃO CONVENCIONAL    NO CONTROLE DO MOFO CINZENTO (Botrytis cinerea Pers.: Fr.) EM VASOS COM PLANTAS DE LISIANTHUS (Eustoma grandiflorum (Raf.) Shinn.)  Ieoschua Katz1; Antonio Ribeiro da Cunha2; Antônio de Pádua Sousa1; Egberto Egon de Herdani11Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Faculdade de Ciëncias Agronömicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, [email protected] Departamento de Recursos Naturais, , Faculdade de Ciëncias Agronömicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP  1 RESUMO Novas técnicas de combate às doenças têm sido usadas, como os defensivos hidrossolúveis via água de irrigação, a quimigação, um procedimento recente que reduz a mão de obra, com uniformidade na aplicação, menor contato do operador com produtos tóxicos, e menores impacto ambiental e custo de produção. Visando o controle do mofo cinzento (Botrytis cinerea) na cultura do Lisianthus, este trabalho teve o intuito de avaliar dois métodos de aplicação de fungicidas, a aplicação via gotejamento (fungigação) e a pulverização, com diferentes tratamentos. Os fungicidas utilizados foram: thiofanato metílico (50 g i.a. L-1), thiofanato metílico + chlorothalonil (50 g i.a. L-1 + 35 g i.a. L-1) e iprodione (50 g i.a. L-1). Avaliou-se o número de lesões, o número de botões florais e a altura das plantas de Lisianthus. Foi possível concluir que, tanto na fase de crescimento (número de lesões na planta) como na fase final (número de botões florais) da cultura de Lisianthus, os tratamentos 2 (thiofanato metílico + chlorotalonil) e 3 (iprodione) foram os mais eficientes. Considerando que o tratamento 2 é uma mistura de dois fungicidas, o primeiro sistêmico e o segundo de contato, independente das vias de aplicação, a mistura aumentou a eficiência em relação ao tratamento 1 (thiofanato metílico). Com isso, a aplicação por gotejamento (fungigação), revelou eficiência equivalente à técnica de pulverização. UNITERMOS: Lisianthus, quimigação, irrigação por gotejamento, controle de doenças .  KATZ , I.; CUNHA, A. R. da; SOUSA, A. de P.; HERDANI, E.E.de. COMPARISON OF TWO METHODS OF FUNGICIDE APPLICATION, DRIP IRRIGATION AND CONVENTIONAL SPRAYING CONTROL FOR CINEREOUS MILDEW (Cinerea botrytis Pers.:Fr.) IN POTTED PLANTS OF LISIANTHUS (Eustoma grandiflorum (Raf.) Shinn.)  2 ABSTRACTPlant disease control techniques are used through the irrigation water, which reduces the labor and it improves application uniformity with smaller contact of the operator with toxic products, lower environmental impact and lower production cost. In order to control Botrytis cinerea the Lisianthus culture, this work aimed to evaluate two fungicide application methods with different treatments. The fungicides were: thiophanate methyl (50 gi.a. L-1), thiophanate methyl + chlorothalonil (50 g i.a. L-1 + 35 g i.a. L-1) and iprodione (50 g i.a. L-1). Number of lesions, number of diseased floral buttons and height of the Lisianthus plants were evaluated. It was possible to deduce, that in the growth stage (number of lesions in the plant) as well as in the final stage (number of floral buttons) of the Lisianthus culture, the most efficient treatments were 2 (thiophanate methyl + chlorothalonil) and 3 (iprodione). Considering that treatment 2 is a mixture of two fungicides, a systemic and a contact one, independently of application methods, the mixture increased efficiency in relation to treatment 1 (thiophanate methyl). Thus, chemigation was as efficient as spreading technique. KEYWORDS: Lisianthus, chemigation, drip irrigation, disease control

scholarly journals Efficacy of Pre- and Postinoculation Application of Fungicides to Expanding Young Citrus Leaves for Control of Melanose, Scab, and Alternaria Brown Spot

Plant Disease ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (12) ◽  
pp. 1600-1606 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Mondal ◽  
A. Vicent ◽  
R. F. Reis ◽  
L. W. Timmer
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Quadratic Equation ◽  
Brown Spot ◽  
Copper Hydroxide ◽  
Fungicide Application ◽  
Potted Plants ◽  
Rough Lemon ◽  
Alternaria Brown Spot ◽  
Young Leaves

In greenhouse trials, copper hydroxide, pyraclostrobin, and famoxadone were applied to actively growing young citrus seedlings to determine the duration of protection of young leaves provided by these fungicides against melanose, caused by Diaporthe citri, citrus scab, caused by Elsinoe fawcettii, and Alternaria brown spot, caused by Alternaria alternata. Fungicides were applied to different sets of potted plants of grapefruit for control of melanose, of rough lemon for control of scab, and of Dancy tangerine for control of Alternaria brown spot 1 to 6 days prior to inoculation, as well as on the day of inoculation. Leaf area of treated shoots was estimated on the day of fungicide application and the day of inoculation and disease severity evaluated subsequently. In most cases, copper hydroxide and famoxadone provided at least 50% control of all three diseases for only about 2 days after application. Generally, there was little or no disease control when the products were applied 4 or more days before inoculation. In contrast, pyraclostrobin usually provided a high level of control of all three diseases when applied up to 5 days prior to inoculation. The level of disease control decreased as the interval between a fungicide application and inoculation increased and the relationship between disease control and leaf expansion best fit a quadratic equation. Effective disease control was observed with copper hydroxide and famoxadone until leaf area had increased by 100 to 200%, whereas control with pyraclostrobin was observed up to 400 to 500% increase in leaf area. In postinoculation tests with scab and melanose, pyraclostrobin provided high levels of disease control (>75%) when applied up to 2 days after inoculation, whereas copper hydroxide and famoxadone had minimal postinoculation activity. Applications of pyraclostrobin to the spring flush growth of citrus trees are much more likely to provide control of melanose, scab, and Alternaria brown spot than those of famoxadone or copper hydroxide.

scholarly journals Management of Calonectria pseudonaviculata in Boxwood with Fungicides and Less Susceptible Host Species and Varieties

Plant Disease ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. LaMondia
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Systemic Fungicide ◽  
Susceptible Host ◽  
Thiophanate Methyl ◽  
Fungicide Application ◽  
Significant Efficacy ◽  
Stem Lesions

Calonectria pseudonaviculata causes leaf and stem lesions resulting in defoliation and dieback of boxwood. Trials were conducted to evaluate fungicide management of boxwood blight under greenhouse and container nursery conditions in Connecticut using fungicides previously determined to have in vitro activity against conidial germination or mycelial growth. Plants of different boxwood cultivars were inoculated 48 h after fungicide application. Disease progression was monitored over 6 weeks and progressed from leaf and stem lesions to defoliation. The level of disease control achieved by fungicides was generally good, with the most efficacious treatments averaging from 95 to nearly 100% control. Products containing propiconazole, myclobutanil, thiophanate-methyl, fludioxonil, pyraclostrobin, kresoxim-methyl, and chlorothalonil had significant efficacy. The combination of systemic plus protectant fungicides in a single application resulted in superior disease control compared to the use of a systemic fungicide. There were no differences between the fungicide treatments that included thiophanate-methyl and those that included propiconazole as the systemic fungicide. Korean and ‘Winter Gem’ (Buxus sinica var. insularis) were the least susceptible of the cultivars evaluated, common boxwood (B. sempervirens) and True Dwarf (B. sempervirens ‘Suffruticosa’) were the most susceptible, and ‘Green Mountain’ (B. sinica var. insularis × B. sempervirens Suffruticosa) and ‘Green Velvet’ (B. sinica var. insularis × B. sempervirens Suffruticosa) were intermediate. These results suggest that B. sinica var. insularis may have some level of resistance to boxwood blight. Management of boxwood blight will rely on integrated best management practices that include inspection of incoming plant material, sanitation, cultural controls including use of cultivars tolerant to infection, and fungicide application.

scholarly journals Effect of the interaction between fungicide application time and rainfall simulation interval on Asian Soybean Rust control effectiveness

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 3881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlon Tagliapietra Stefanello ◽  
Ricardo Silveiro Balardin ◽  
Simone Gripa Minuzzi ◽  
Diego Dalla Favera ◽  
Leandro Nascimento Marques ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Residual Activity ◽  
Rainfall Simulation ◽  
Soybean Rust ◽  
Fungicide Application ◽  
Control Effectiveness ◽  
Asian Soybean Rust ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Negative Effect

Environmental factors affect the performance of fungicides in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). They also influence the residual activity of the products applied to the leaves. The objective of this study was to assess the control effectiveness of the interaction between fungicide application and rainfall simulation on Asian Soybean Rust (ASR). Two experiments were conducted, one in the greenhouse, in a completely randomized design, and the other in the field, in a randomized block design. Both the experiments had the same factorial arrangement of 6x5, with four replications. Factor A: Five fungicide applications time at 0400 h, 0900 h, 1400 h, 1800 h, 2300 h and, a control with no application; Factor B: four intervals of time between the application of fungicide and rainfall simulation at 0, 30, 60 and 120 min for the experiment in the greenhouse and at 2, 30, 60, 120 min for the experiment in the field. A control was included for both the experiments with no rainfall. The number of days to the appearance of the first pustules was determined, along with severity of ASR, relative chlorophyll index and productivity. It was found that the ASR control effectiveness of fungicide applications in soybean plants in sunlight was less efficient with rainfall simulation. The rainfall simulation had greater negative effect on disease control effectiveness in applications conducted at night under dew conditions. The application conducted at 0900 h showed the greatest disease control effectiveness in both greenhouse and in the field conditions. The 1400 h application showed decreased fungicide control residual and ASR control effectiveness, possibly due to a combination of the low relative humidity and high temperature. Rainfall simulation carried out at 120 min after application still had the ability to affect the ASR control effectiveness.

Effects of Application Method and Rate on Control of Sclerotinia Blight of Peanut with Iprodione and Fluazinam1

2001 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Damicone ◽  
K. E. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Wide Band ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Application Method ◽  
Sclerotinia Blight ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Application Methods ◽  
Yield Responses

Abstract Two trials with iprodione and three trials with fluazinam were conducted to assess the effects of application method and rate on the control of Sclerotinia blight of peanut with fungicide. In order to concentrate the fungicides near the crown area where the disease causes the most damage, applications were made through a canopy opener with a single nozzle centered over the row to achieve a 30.5-cm-wide band (canopy opener), and through a single nozzle centered over the row to achieve a 46-cm-wide band (band). Broadcast applications were compared to these methods at rates of 0, 0.28, 0.56, and 1.12 kg/ha on the susceptible cultivar Okrun. Sclerotinia blight was severe, with > 70% disease incidence and < 2000 kg/ha yield for the untreated controls in each trial. Linear reductions in area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), but not final disease incidence, with iprodione rate were significant (P < 0.05) for all methods of application. However, the rate of decrease did not differ among application methods. Linear increases in yield with rate of iprodione were greater for canopy opener compared to the band or broadcast applications. Only a 50% reduction in AUDPC and a maximum yield of < 2700 kg/ha was achieved with iprodione using the best method. At the maximum rate of 1.12 kg/ha, fluazinam provided > 75% disease control and > 4000 kg/ha yield for all application methods. Differences in disease control and yield among application methods only occurred at the 0.28 and 0.56 kg/ha rates of fluazinam. Reductions in AUDPC with fluazinam rate were quadratic for all application methods, but AUDPC values were less for the canopy opener and band methods at 0.28 and 0.56 kg/ha compared to the broadcast methods. The yield response to rate for broadcast applications of fluazinam was linear. However, predicted yield responses to fluazinam rate were quadratic for the band and canopy opener methods and approached the maximum response at 0.84 kg/ha. Targeting fungicide applications using the band and/or canopy opener methods was beneficial for fluazinam at reduced rates. Disease control with iprodione was not adequate regardless of application method.

scholarly journals Resistance to Benzimidazole and Dicarboximide Fungicides in Greenhouse Isolates of Botrytis cinerea

Plant Disease ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 569-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. F. Yourman ◽  
S. N. Jeffers
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Effective Concentration ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Thiophanate Methyl ◽  
Conidium Germination ◽  
The Mean

In 1996 and 1997, 325 isolates of Botrytis cinerea were collected from 35 commercial greenhouses growing ornamental crops in South Carolina to determine the incidence of resistance to benzimidazole and dicarboximide fungicides. Conidium germination was assessed on a defined agar medium amended with either thiophanate-methyl (a benzimidazole) or vinclozolin (a di-carboximide). A total of 53 representative isolates were evaluated further for conidium germination and mycelium growth on fungicide-amended medium and for infection of geranium seedlings treated with thiophanate-methyl or vinclozolin at label rates. Isolates were considered sensitive to thiophanate-methyl or vinclozolin when the effective concentration of the fungicide active ingredient resulting in 50% inhibition of germination (EC50-germ) was ≤5 μg/ml or when the effective concentration of fungicide active ingredient resulting in 50% inhibition of mycelium growth (EC50-growth) was ≤1 μg/ml. Of all isolates, 81% (262/325) were resistant to thiophanate-methyl and 69% (223/325) were resistant to vinclozolin. Four phenotypes were observed: sensitive to both fungicides (17%), resistant to both fungicides (67%), resistant only to thiophanate-methyl (14%), and resistant only to vinclozolin (2%). Isolates resistant to at least one fungicide were found in 33 of the 35 locations from which samples were taken. Disease incidences on geranium seedlings treated with 600 μg/ml of thiophanate-methyl and then inoculated with isolates sensitive and resistant to this fungicide were 1.4 and 96.1%, respectively. Disease incidences on geranium seedlings treated with 600 μg/ml of vinclozolin and then inoculated with isolates sensitive and resistant to this fungicide were 0.3 and 91.9%, respectively. With thiophanate-methyl, correlation coefficients (r) between disease incidence and log EC50-germ or log EC50-growth were 0.987 and 0.992, respectively. With vinclozolin, correlation coefficients between disease incidence and log EC50-germ and log EC50-growth were 0.975 and 0.893, respectively. Correlation coefficients between the two EC50 values for thiophanate-methyl were 0.989 and for vinclozolin were 0.900. Isolates sensitive to thiophanate-methyl had a mean EC50-germ value of 0.93 μg/ml and a EC50-growth value of 0.11 μg/ml. For isolates sensitive to vinclozolin the mean EC50-germ value was 1.63 μg/ml and the mean EC50-growth value was 0.26 μg/ml. Thiophanate-methyl-resistant isolates had mean EC50-germ and EC50-growth values greater than 500 μg/ml while vinclozolin-resistant isolates had a mean EC50-germ value greater than 500 μg/ml and a mean EC50-growth value of 3.18 μg/ml.

Evaluation of pyrimethanil (Scala) for the control of Botrytis cinerea on harvested Geraldton waxflower

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 639 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. N. Taylor ◽  
A. H. Wearing ◽  
D. C. Joyce ◽  
D. H. Simons
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Real Potential ◽  
Postharvest Treatment ◽  
Leaf Drop ◽  
New Treatments ◽  
Water Treated Control

Pyrimethanil (Scala) is a fungicide that might be used for control of Botrytis cinerea infecting Geraldton waxflower. New treatments are sought to reduce the risk of developing strains of B. cinerea that are resistant to fungicides commonly used against it, such as benomyl (Benlate) or iprodione (Rovral). Scala was applied to waxflower as a postharvest dip at 1.5 or 2 mL product/L. Disease severity on and flower and leaf drop from waxflower bunches pre-inoculated with B. cinerea were significantly (P = 0.05) reduced by treatment with Scala. Further, flower and foliage vase lives were significantly (P = 0.05) longer as a result of postharvest treatment with Scala as compared with water-treated (control) stems. Similar degrees of disease control where achieved with either Scala or Rovral. The results demonstrate that Scala has real potential as an alternative fungicide for control of B. cinerea on waxflower.

Calendar and AU-Pnuts Advisory Programs Compared for Leaf Spot Diseases and Rust Control on Peanut in Southwest Alabama

2006 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
A. K. Hagan ◽  
H. L. Campbell ◽  
K. L. Bowen ◽  
M. Pegues
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Treatment Schedule ◽  
Advisory Programs ◽  
Fungicide Application ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Production Area ◽  
Peanut Production ◽  
Rain Events

Peanut production acreage has increased substantially in southwest Alabama in the past several years. Since prevailing weather conditions in this newer production area are conducive to peanut diseases, primarily due to frequent rainfall during summer months, a 2-week calendar fungicide treatment schedule is considered essential to controlling leaf spot diseases and rust in order to optimize yields. In 2003, 2004, and 2005, extended calendar application intervals and the AU-Pnuts leaf spot advisory were compared with the recommended 2-week calendar schedule for peanut disease control on partially disease-resistant peanut cultivars (DP-1 in 2003 and Florida C99R in 2004 and 2005). Fungicide programs included recommended rates of azoxystrobin, chlorothalonil, and tebuconazole. Numbers of fungicide applications for the 2-, 3-, and 4-week calendar schedule treatments were 7, 5, and 4, respectively in each year. Fungicide applications made according to AU-Pnuts are based on rain events and resulted in 5 sprays in 2003 and 7 sprays in 2004 and 2005. Fungicide application schedule had a significant impact on leaf spots, rust, southern stem rot and yield in at least two of the three study years. Results indicate that recommendations for the 2-week fungicide application schedule should be maintained in this area. Fungicide program also had a consistent effect on measured variables, with the azoxystrobin program providing better disease control and higher yields. Accepted for publication 16 August 2006. Published 10 November 2006.

scholarly journals Optimizing Chemically Induced Resistance in Tomato Against Botrytis cinerea

Plant Disease ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 704-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estrella Luna ◽  
Emily Beardon ◽  
Sabine Ravnskov ◽  
Julie Scholes ◽  
Jurriaan Ton
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Induced Resistance ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Seed Coating ◽  
Nontarget Effects ◽  
Induce Resistance ◽  
Application Methods

Resistance-inducing chemicals can offer broad-spectrum disease protection in crops, but can also affect plant growth and interactions with plant-beneficial microbes. We have evaluated different application methods of β-aminobutyric acid (BABA) and jasmonic acid (JA) for long-lasting induced resistance in tomato against Botrytis cinerea. In addition, we have studied nontarget effects on plant growth and root colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Germinating seeds for 1 week in BABA- or JA-containing solutions promoted seed germination efficiency, did not affect plant growth, and induced resistance in 4-week-old plants. When formulating BABA and JA in carboxymethyl cellulose seed coating, only BABA was able to induce resistance in 4-week-old plants. Root treatment of 1-week-old seedlings with BABA or JA also induced resistance in 4-week-old plants. However, this seedling treatment repressed plant growth at higher concentrations of the chemicals, which was particularly pronounced in hydroponically grown plants after BABA treatment. Both seed coating with BABA, and seedling treatments with BABA or JA, did not affect AMF root colonization in soil-grown tomato. Our study has identified commercially feasible application methods of BABA and JA, which induce durable disease resistance in tomato without concurrent impacts on plant growth or colonization by plant-beneficial AMF.

scholarly journals 017 GROWTH REGULATOR EFFECTS ON HEIGHT CONTROL OF POTTED MUSSAENDA QUEEN SIRIKIT

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 430a-430
Author(s):  
Christopher S. Cramer ◽  
Mark P. Bridgen
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Height Control ◽  
Potted Plants ◽  
Plant Culture ◽  
Application Methods ◽  
Ornamental Shrub

Mussaenda, a tropical ornamental shrub developed in the Philippines is being examined as a potential greenhouse potted crop in the United States. Showy sepals of white, picotee, pink or red and fragrant, yellow flowers make Mussaenda an attractive patted plans however, the profuse upright growth habit of some Mussaenda cultivars is undesirable for pot plant culture. With this in mind experiments were conducted to determine the effects of three growth regulators at two concentrations each, as well as the application method and the number of applications on Mussaenda plant height. Three growth regulators, daminozide (B-Nine), ancymidol (A-Rest), and paclobutrazol (Bonzi) were applied at two commercially recommended rates and two application methods (spray or drench). The treatment were daminozide at 2500 ppm and 5000 ppm (spray), ancymidol at 33 and 66 ppm (spray) and at 0.25 and 0.50 mg/pot (drench), and paclobutrazol at 25 and 50 ppm (spray) and at 0.125 and 0.25 mg/pot (drench). In subsequent experiments, the same growth regulators were applied with an increase in concentration and either two or three applications. The treatments were daminozide at 5000 ppm (spray), ancymidol at 66 and 132 ppm (spray) and at 0.50 and 1.0 mg/pot (drench), and paclobutrazol at 50 and 100 ppm (spray) and at 0.25 and 0.50 mg/pot (drench). The most attractive potted plants were produced with two applications of daminozide at 5000 ppm or two applications of ancymidol at 0.5 mg/pot (drench). Higher concentrations or additional applications excessively reduced plant height. Three spray applications of 132 ppm ancymidol also produced an attractive potted plant. Paclobutrazol sprays or drenches at any concentration or application number were ineffective for reducing Mussaenda `Queen Sirikit' plant height.

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