scholarly journals CARACTERÍSTICAS PRODUTIVAS DE TRÊS ESPÉCIES FORRAGEIRAS IRRIGADAS

Irriga ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Débora Pantojo de Souza ◽  
Arthur Carniato Sanches ◽  
Fernando Campos Mendonça ◽  
Rodolfo Guertas Maffei ◽  
Pedro José Catto
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Design ◽  
Sprinkler System ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Forage Grasses ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Tropical Forage ◽  
Dead Material ◽  
E Mail

CARACTERÍSTICAS PRODUTIVAS DE TRÊS ESPÉCIES FORRAGEIRAS IRRIGADAS  DÉBORA PANTOJO DE SOUZA1; ARTHUR CARNIATO SANCHES2; FERNANDO CAMPOS MENDONÇA3; RODOLFO GUERTAS MAFFEI4 E PEDRO JOSÉ CATTO4 1 Engenheira Agrônoma, Mestranda em Engenharia de Sistemas Agrícolas, ESALQ/USP, Piracicaba,SP. CEP:13418900, e-mail:[email protected] Engenheiro Agrônomo, Doutorando em Engenharia de Sistemas Agrícolas, ESALQ/USP, Piracicaba,SP. CEP:13418900, e-mail: [email protected] Prof. Dr. Dep. Engenharia de Biossistemas, ESALQ/USP, Piracicaba,SP. CEP:13418900, e-mail: [email protected] Acadêmicos de Engenharia Agronômica, ESALQ/USP, Piracicaba,SP. E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected].  1 RESUMO Este trabalho teve por objetivo a caracterização de parâmetros produtivos para três forrageiras tropicais irrigadas ao longo de três ciclos de cultivo. O experimento foi realizado na ESALQ/USP, em delineamento estatístico de blocos casualizados com parcelas subdivididas, com área total de 864 m². Foram estudadas as forrageiras Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu, Cynodon ssp. cv. Tifton 85 e Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça, no período compreendido entre 11 de fevereiro a maio de 2016. Consideraram-se os seguintes parâmetros produtivos de massa seca de forragem: produtividade total de forragem (PTF), produtividade de folhas (PF), produtividade de colmos (PC), produtividade de material morto (PMM), as porcentagens de massa de folhas (%MF), massa de colmos (%MC) e material morto (%MM) e a razão folha colmo-1 (RFC). A análise estatística de comparações múltiplas foi feita com o auxílio do software ASSISTAT 7.7, verificando-se que o capim Mombaça teve maior PTF (5.285,07 kg ha-1) em relação às demais espécies (nível α=0,01 de significância). Na média das três forrageiras, o 2º ciclo foi o mais produtivo (PTF = 3.883,69 kg ha-1). Também foi constatada a interação entre forrageiras e ciclos de crescimento para as variáveis PF e PC. O capim Mombaça apresentou a maior PF nos três ciclos, e PC maior em relação às demais forrageiras apenas no 1ociclo. A RFC não diferiu significativamente entre as forrageiras. Conclui-se que, dentre as três forrageiras estudadas, o capim Mombaça teve maior diminuição da produtividade ao longo dos três ciclos. Palavras-chave: Irrigação de pastagens, forrageiras tropicais, produtividade total de forragem.  SOUZA, D. P. de; SANCHES, A. C.; MENDONÇA, F. C.; MAFFEI, R. G.; CATTO, P. J.PRODUCTIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF THREE IRRIGATED SPECIES OF FORRAGEIRAS    2 ABSTRACT This work aimed to characterize the productive parameters for three tropical forage grasses during three cropping cycles. The experiment was carried out at the Luiz de Queiroz Agriculture College, under random blocks, in the split-plot statistical design, in a total area of 864 m². The forage grasses studied were Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu, Cynodon ssp. cv. Tifton 85,and Panicum maximum cv. Mombasa, from February 11th to May 6th, 2016 (3 growing cycles).The irrigation was made by a sprinkler system installed with a 12 x 12 m spacing, with sprinklers running at an average pressure of 300 kPa, whose distribution uniformity was previously checked (CUC = 87%). The following parameters were considered: total of forage yield (PTF), leaf yield(PF), culm yield (PC), dead material yield(PMM), leaf mass percentage (% MSF), stems percentage (% MSC), dead material percentage (% MSMM), and leaf culm-1 ratio (RFC). The multivariate statistical analysis was performed with the software ASSISTAT 7.7, and the results showed that the Mombaça grass had the highest forage yield (PTF = 5285.07 kg ha-1, significance level α = 0.01 ). Considering the culm yield and the average for the three forage grasses, the 2nd growing cycle presented the highest forage yield (3883.69 kg ha-1). The interaction between forage species and growing cycles was also verified, for the PF and PC parameters. The Mombasa grass had the highest PF values in the three growing cycles. For the PC parameter, the Mombasa grass was higher than the others only in the 1st cycle. Considering the RFC parameter, Tifton 85 had lower values than the others (1.24), but did not significantly differ from the other grasses. Among the three forage grasses studied, the Mombasa grass had the highest sensitivity to climate changes along the three growing cycles.         Keywords: Pasture irrigation, tropical forage grasses, total of forage yield.

scholarly journals Proximate Nutrient Composition of 10 Tropical Forage Grasses

1969 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-311
Author(s):  
J. Coward-Lord ◽  
J. A. Arroyo-Aguilú ◽  
O. García-Molinari
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Forage Grasses ◽  
University Of Puerto Rico ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Brachiaria Ruziziensis ◽  
Digitaria Decumbens ◽  
Tropical Forage ◽  
The Difference

Ten tropical forage grasses (Pangola, Digitaria decumbens; Congo, Brachiaria ruziziensis; Signal, Brachiaria brizantha; Buffel, Cenchrus ciliaris; Guinea, Panicum maximum; Jaragua, Hyparrhenia rufa Giant Pangola, Digitaria valida; African Crab, Digitaria swazilandensis; Venezuelan Elephant, Pennisetum setosum; and Lampo, Hemarthria altissima), lightly fertilized with NH4NO3 at the rate of 350 kg/ha, were harvested by hand (machete) every 30 days during 180 days, beginning on August 20, 1970, at the College of Agricultural Sciences grass collection, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez. Total dry matter (TDM) content was calculated. Forages studied were evaluated chemically for crude protein (N X 6.25) (CP), crude fiber (CF), ether extract (EE) and ash (A). NFE was calculated as the difference between 100 and the sum of CP, CF, EE and A. Statistical analyses of variance were conducted. All fractions differed in a highly significant way with respect to species and plant age. Highly significant differences in CP, EE and A at decreasing rates and in TDM, CF and NFE at increasing rates were obtained, as the grasses advanced in maturity. The largest changes in forage quality occurred between 30 and 60 days of age.

scholarly journals Fibrous Carbohydrate Fractions and in Vitro True and Apparent Digestibility of 10 Tropical Forage Grasses

1969 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-304
Author(s):  
J. Coward-Lord ◽  
J. A. Arroyo-Aguilú ◽  
O. García-Molinari
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Forage Grasses ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Brachiaria Ruziziensis ◽  
Tropical Forage ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Tropical Climates

Ten tropical forage grasses (Pangola, Digitaria decumbens; Congo, Brachiaria ruziziensis; Signal, Brachiaria brizantha; Buffel, Cenchrus ciliaris; Guinea, Panicum maximum; Jaragua, Hyparrhenia rufa; Giant Pangola, Digitaria valida; African Crab, Digitaria swazilandensis; Venezuelan Elephant, Pennisetum setosum; and Limpo, Hemarthria altissima) lightly fertilized with NH4NO3 at the rate of 350 kg/ha, were harvested by hand (machete) every 30 days up to 180 days of age, beginning August 20, 1970, at the College of Agricultural Sciences grass collection, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez. They were evaluated chemically for cell-wall constituents or neutraldetergent fiber (NDF), acid-detergent fiber (ADF), permanganate lignin (L), cellulose (C) and silica (Si), as outlined by Goering and Van Soest and for in vitro true digestibility (IVTD), utilizing the Goering and Van Soest modification of the Tilley and Terry procedure. Hemicellulose (H) was determined as the difference between NDF and ADF. Statistical analyses of variance were conducted. Highly significant differences in NDF, ADF, H, L, L/ADF, C, and Si contents were observed between species. IVTD and in vitro apparent digestibility (IVAD) also revealed highly significant differences between species. Guinea and Buffel grasses exhibited the highest mean values in NDF and ADF contents but the lowest in IVTD and IVAD, suggesting that, as total fiber and lignocellulose contents increase, digestibility decreases. Similar trends were observed in other species. Highest mean values were obtained in Guinea grass for C, in Jaragua grass for Si and in Limpo grass for L and H. As the grasses advanced in maturity from 30 to 180 days, NDF, ADF, L, L/ADF, C and Si revealed highly significant increases while IVTD and IVAD revealed highly significant decreases with HC remaining almost constant throughout. The largest increase in NDF, ADF, L and C contents and the largest decrease in IVTD and IVAD evaluations occurred between the 30- and 60-day intervals, probably due to the high environmental temperature and high transpiration causing early onset of lignification and silicification in tropical climates. Pangola grass underwent little change in nutritive value as compared to other species. Evidence is presented that fibrous fractions and IVTD evaluations of all species compared favorably among themselves and that all fibrous fractions (except H) and IVTD differed significantly with plant age.

scholarly journals Photosynthetic light response of the C4 grasses Brachiaria brizantha and B. humidicola under shade

2002 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moacyr Bernardino Dias-Filho
Keyword(s):  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Light Response ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Forage Grasses ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Apparent Quantum Yield ◽  
Tropical Pastures ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Full Sunlight ◽  
Tropical Forage

Forage grasses in tropical pastures can be subjected to considerable diurnal and seasonal reductions in available light. To evaluate the physiological behavior of the tropical forage grasses Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu and B. humidicola to low light, the photosynthetic light response and chlorophyll contents of these species were compared for plants grown outdoors, on natural soil, in pots, in full sunlight and those shaded to 30 % of full sunlight, over a 30-day period. Both species showed the ability to adjust their photosynthetic behavior in response to shade. Photosynthetic capacity and light compensation point were lower for shade plants of both species, while apparent quantum yield was unaffected by the light regime. Dark respiration and chlorophyll a:b ratio were significantly reduced by shading only in B. humidicola. B. humidicola could be relatively more adapted to succeed, at least temporarily, in light-limited environments.

scholarly journals Nematodes Associated to Tropical Forages in Pasture Areas

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Bruna Nogueira Marques ◽  
Leimi Kobayasti ◽  
Giovani De Oliveira Arieira ◽  
Dayana Aparecida De Faria ◽  
Anne Caroline Dallabrida Avelino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Level ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Forage Grasses ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Brachiaria Humidicola ◽  
Phytoparasitic Nematodes

The quantification of soil nematodes is of great importance for the management and evaluation of the efficiency of control methods, considering the damages caused in crops of economic interest. The present work aimed to quantify and identify plant parasitic nematodes in pasture areas in the municipality of Santo Antônio do Leverger, Mato Grosso state, Brazil. For that purpose, 25 soil and root samples were collected in four plots, consisting of the following forage grasses: Brachiaria humidicola cv. Common (Plot 1), Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania (Plot 2), Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu (Plot 3) and Panicum maximum cv. Massai (Plot 4). The nematode extraction from the soil and root samples was performed, followed by the quantification and identification of nematodes genera. The nematodes classified as free-living were observed in all plots, with population densities varying from 230 to 1180 specimens. The genus Pratylenchus presented the lowest population level, with 40 specimens, in the area where the Brachiaria humidicola cv. Common is cultivated. The following phytoparasitic nematodes genera were observed: Pratylenchus and Paratrichodorus associated to the Humidicola grass, and Heterodera and Criconemoides associated to the Tanzania grass.

scholarly journals IRRIGAÇÃO NO TEOR DE PROTEÍNA BRUTA DE DUAS ESPÉCIES DE PASTAGENS

Irriga ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 248
Author(s):  
Laísa Scotti Antoniel ◽  
Giuliani Do Prado ◽  
Tarcio Rocha ◽  
Wagner Wilson Ávila Bombardelli ◽  
Gabriel Augusto Beltrame ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Reference Evapotranspiration ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Secondary Treatment ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Acceptable Limit ◽  
Set Up ◽  
E Mail

irrigação no teor de proteína bruta de duas espécies de pastagens LAÍSA SCOTTI ANTONIEL1; GIULIANI DO PRADO1; TARCIO ROCHA1; WAGNER WILSON ÁVILA BOMBARDELLI1; GABRIEL AUGUSTO BELTRAME1 E JHESMILA INGRIDY BUENO1 1 Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Estadual de Maringá - UEM, Campus do Arenito - CAR, 87.820-000, Cidade Gaúcha, Paraná, Brasil. e-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]  1 RESUMO Pastagens tem sido a principal fonte alimentar de bovinos e sua qualidade é essencial para reduzir o tempo de pastejo. Assim, o trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar, ao longo de quatro cortes, o teor de proteína bruta (PB) de duas espécies de pastagens, Brachiaria brizantha cv. BRS Piatã e Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça, submetidas a diferentes lâminas de irrigação. O experimento foi conduzido no município de Cidade Gaúcha/PR em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, em faixas, no tempo e com quatro repetições. As lâminas de irrigação, estabelecidas pelo percentual da evapotranspiração de referência (0, 23, 60, 100, 152 e 196%) constituíram o tratamento principal, as duas espécies de pastagens o tratamento secundário e os cortes o tempo. Nos diferentes cortes observou-se que: i) as lâminas de irrigação não apresentaram diferenças significativas no teor de PB das pastagens; ii) a pastagem Mombaça apresentou maiores teores de PB em relação a pastagem Piatã. Ao longo dos cortes houve um decréscimo no teor de PB das pastagens; para a pastagem Mombaça, o teor de PB decresceu de 16,61 para 11,68%, enquanto que na pastagem Piatã, esse decréscimo foi de 15,34 para 10,42%. No quarto corte o teor de PB da pastagem Piatã foi inferior ao limite aceitável de 11% para bovinos em crescimento. Palavras-chave: lâminas de irrigação, evapotranspiração, cortes  ANTONIEL, L. S.; PRADO, G.; ROCHA, T.; BOMBARDELLI, W. W. A.; BELTRAME, G. A.; BUENO, J. I.Irrigation on crude protein content of two pasture species  2 ABSTRACT Pastures have been the main source of feeding cattle and its quality is essential for reducing the grazing time. Thus the paper aimed to evaluate, over four cutting cycles, the crude protein (CP) content of two pasture species, Brachiaria brizantha cv. BRS Piatã and Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça, under different irrigation depths. The experiment was carried out in Cidade Gaúcha city, Paraná state and set up in strip plot in time arrangement with four replications. Irrigation depths were set out as a percentage of the reference evapotranspiration (0, 23, 60, 100, 152 and 196%) and they constituted the main treatment. The secondary treatment and the time were represented, respectively, by the two pasture species and the cutting cycle. In different cutting cycles was observed that: i) irrigation depths had no influence on the pasture CP contents; ii) the Mombaça pasture type presented higher CP content than the Piatã pasture type. Over the cutting cycles there was a decrease in the CP content of the pastures; whereas the CP content of Mombaça pasture type declined from 16.61 to 11.68%, the Piatã pasture type it was from 15,34 to 10.42%. In the fourth cutting cycle, the CP content of Piatã pasture was lower than the acceptable limit of 11% for growing cattle. Keywords: irrigation depths, evapotranspiration, cutting cycle

scholarly journals Sulphuric acid scarification effects on Brachiaria brizantha, B. humidicola and Panicum maximum seed dormancy release

2007 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Usberti ◽  
Leila Martins
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Germination Test ◽  
Testing Laboratory ◽  
Germination Time ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Tropical Forage ◽  
Mean Germination Time

Most tropical forage grass species have dormant seeds, which reduce percentages in germination tests. The objective of this study was to evaluate H2SO4 scarification effects on seed dormancy releasing, through germination time (T50) and variability among germination test replicates, in 630, 94 and 82 seed samples of B. brizantha, B. humidicola and P. maximum, respectively, tested at the Central Seed Testing Laboratory, Campinas, Brazil, from 1991 to 1999. Germination tests used two 4 x 100 replicates of intact and scarified seeds (15-, 10-, 5-minute treatments, respectively). Mean germination time (T50) and variability among germination replicates were also analysed. Statistical analysis was performed by t-test paired samples for means. Scarification promoted general decreases in T50, while variability among germination test replicates was reduced in B. brizantha. Scarification increase germination in B. brizantha and P. maximum, but is deleterious in B. humidicola.

An endophyte of the tropical forage grass Brachiaria brizantha: Isolating, identifying, and characterizing the fungus, and determining its antimycotic properties

2001 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Segenet Kelemu ◽  
James F White Jr ◽  
Fernando Muñoz ◽  
Yuka Takayama
Keyword(s):  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Forage Grasses ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Arbitrary Primers ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
Tropical Forage ◽  
Tropical America ◽  
Commercially Important ◽  
African Genus

Brachiaria, predominantly an African genus, contains species, such as B. brizantha, an apomictic C4 grass, that are commercially important forage grasses in tropical America, where they now cover about 55 million hectares. From B. brizantha accession CIAT 6780, we isolated an endophytic fungus that may be economically significant. The fungus was identified as Acremonium implicatum (J. Gilman & E.V. Abott). 18S rDNA and ITS rDNA sequences were used to characterize isolates of the endophyte, and showed that they belonged to the Acremonium genus, being close to A. strictum and A. kiliense. Using the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique, involving arbitrary primers of 10 bases, we showed that the isolates were highly similar to each other. Antiserum produced from a monoconidial culture of A. implicatum isolated from B. brizantha 6780, differentiated the isolates consistently in line with the DNA data. When we compared endophyte-free with endophyte-infected B. brizantha CIAT 6780 plants, both artificially inoculated with the pathogenic Drechslera fungus, we found that the endophyte-infected plants had fewer and smaller lesions than did the endophyte-free plants. Sporulation of Drechslera sp. on artificially inoculated leaf sheath tissues was also much less on tissue infected with the endophyte.Key words: endophytes, Brachiaria, Acremonium, biological control.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Seven Forage Grasses at Two Cutting Stages

1969 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-185
Author(s):  
A. Sotomayor Ríos ◽  
A. Acosta Matienzo ◽  
J. Vélez Fortuño
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Forage Grasses ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Second Best ◽  
Brachiaria Ruziziensis ◽  
Digitaria Decumbens ◽  
Cynodon Nlemfuensis ◽  
Forage Yields

Seven forage grasses, i.e., Tanner (Brachiaria cf. mutica), a bermuda grass selection (Cynodon dactylon var. coursii), glabrous Signal (Brachiaria brizantha), Signal (Brachiaria brizantha), Congo (Brachiaria ruziziensis), Star (Cynodon nlemfuensis var. nlemfuensis) and Pangola (Digitaria decumbens) were cut at a 60-day harvest interval and at the optimum stage for harvest during a 2-year period at the Gurabo Substation. It was considered that plants had reached the optimum stage for harvest when flowering and yellowing of leaves at the basal parts of the plant began to appear and the grasses had attained a reasonable forage volume as compared to adjacent plots harvested every 60 days. At the 60-day harvest interval, the top yielder was the glabrous Signal; this grass produced 72.78, 19.85 and 1.40 tons of total green, dry forage, and crude protein per acre per year, respectively. Signalgrass was second best with 69.93,16.87 and 1.20 tons of green, dry forage and crude protein per acre per year, respectively. At the optimum stage for harvest, the top yielder in terms of total green forage per acre per year was Congograss with 70.40 tons. The best dry forage and crude protein yielder was glabrous Signal with 18.84 and 1.54 tons per acre per year, respectively. Pangolagrass was second best in terms of total green and dry forage per acre per year with 69.90 and 17.30 tons, respectively. The green forage yields of the grasses studied, except Tannergrass, were similar when cut at the 60-day harvest interval as compared to the optimum stage for harvest. The annual dry forage yield also was similar at the two cutting stages, except Tannergrass and C. dactylon var. coursii. Significantly higher protein yields were obtained at the optimum stage for harvest in all forages with the exception of Signalgrass. Glabrous Signal (Brachiaria brizantha), USDA PI 255346, was the top dry forage yielder of the seven grasses studied. This grass produced about 20 tons of dry forage (73 tons of green forage) containing 7.1 percent of protein and about 19 tons of dry forage (69 tons of green forage) containing 8.2 percent of protein, at the 60-day harvest interval and at the optimum stage for harvest, respectively.

scholarly journals Climate change affects cell wall structure and hydrolytic performance of a tropical forage grass as an energy crop

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuelle Freitas ◽  
Vinay Khatri ◽  
Daniele Contin ◽  
Tassio Oliveira ◽  
Alex Contato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Cell Wall Structure ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Forage Grasses ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Free Air ◽  
Tropical Forage

Forage grasses, such as Panicum maximum, are important alternatives of lignocellulosic biomass for bioethanol production. Thus, this study investigates whether future climate conditions could influence P. maximum cell wall structure and hydrolytic performance. A combined temperature-free air controlled and a free-air carbon dioxide enrichment (Trop-T-FACE) facility was used to investigated the isolated and combined effect of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration (eC) (600 μmol.mol-1) and elevated temperature (eT) by 2˚C more than the ambient temperature, on cell wall composition, cellulose crystallinity, accessibility, and hydrolysis yields. The elevated temperature treatments (eT and eT+eC) exhibited the most pronounced effects. Warming reduced starch content and crystallinity index (CI) of cellulose while increased cellulose content. The fluorescent protein-tagged carbohydrate-binding modules analysis demonstrated that warming led to improvement in the total cellulose surface exposure/accessibility in eT and eT+eC by 181% and 132%, respectively. Consequently, glucan conversion yields were improved by 7.07 and 5.37%, showing that warming led to lower recalcitrance in P. maximum biomass, which positively affect its use in biorefineries. Therefore, this work provides important information from an ecological and economic point of view, and might assist in the selection of tropical forage grasses efficiently adapted to climate changes with positive effect on bioenergy production.

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