scholarly journals Differences in Packaging Priorities in Food Products for Women Living in Rural and Urban Areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Aysun YENER ÖGÜR ◽  
Zeynep TÜFEKÇİ ◽  
Süheyla ŞİMŞEK
Keyword(s):  
Rural Women ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Packaging Material ◽  
Color Preferences ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Packaging Industry

The aim of the study is to reveal the differences in the packaging priorities used in food products of women living in rural and urban areas. The data used in the research were obtained by questionnaire technique. For sample size, the proportional sampling method was used. 70 in Selçuklu district of Konya and 70 in Çumra district, in total 140 questionnaires were determined. The data obtained from the survey results were transformed into tables according to rural and urban women. As a result; For women living in rural and urban areas, the color and shape of the packaging are effective in taking and distinguishing the product. Rural women prefer more relaxing colors in their packaging color preferences, while women living in urban areas prefer more stimulating colors. Women living in both rural and urban areas are aware of the information written on the packaging. As a result, companies in the packaging industry should determine the packaging material and color according to the communities they address.

scholarly journals INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY BASED EMPLOYMENT FACILITATION FOR SKILLED AND UNSKILLED POOR WOMEN IN RURAL AND URBAN AREAS

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (8(SE)) ◽  
pp. 96-99
Author(s):  
G. Jayashri ◽  
R. Rajan
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Information Dissemination ◽  
Information Communication ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Power Resources ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Poor Women ◽  
Power Base

Information Technology (IT) is known as a valuable tool for information dissemination. Today, information communication technology can be used as a powerful tool to improve quality and efficiency in creating employment for poor urban and rural women. The increasing development of technology-based tools and their adaptation speed with human requirements has led to a new form of the learning environment and creative, active and inclusive interaction. These days, information is one of the most important power resources in every organization and accordingly, acquiring information, especially central or strategic one can help organizations to build a power base and influence others. The aim of this study was to identify the most important criteria in job empowerment using IT and also the advantages of assessing empowerment.

scholarly journals A multiethnic association analysis of hyperuricaemia with cardiovascular risk in rural and urban areas in Chinese adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leilei Liu ◽  
Juan Lei ◽  
Linyuan Zhang ◽  
Nana Ma ◽  
Zixuan Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Increased Risk

AbstractComprehensive research on rural–urban disparities in the association of hyperuricaemia (HUA) with cardiovascular disease (CVD) in China, especially among minority groups, is limited. We explored the HUA-CVD relationship between rural and urban areas within ethnic Chinese groups. We included Dong, Miao, and Bouyei adults in Southwest China from the China Multi-Ethnic Cohort Study. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the relationship between HUA and CVD in both residences. We performed stratified analyses by sex and age. The study population included 16,618 people (37.48% Dong, 30.00% Miao, and 32.52% Bouyei) without a reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate. We identified 476 (188 Dong, 119 Miao, and 169 Bouyei) and 175 (62 Dong, 77 Miao, and 36 Bouyei) CVD cases in rural and urban areas. Compared to urban residents, an at least 49% increased CVD risk (adjusted OR 1.49, 95%CI 1.06–2.08 for the Dong ethnic group; 1.55, 1.07–2.25 for the Bouyei ethnic group) and a 1.65-fold elevated coronary heart disease risk (1.65, 1.03–2.64) related to HUA was present in rural residents. Moreover, HUA was positively associated with increased risk of CVD and coronary heart disease in rural women (2.05, 1.26–3.31; 2.11, 1.19–3.75) and rural older adults (1.83, 1.22–2.75; 2.32, 1.39–3.87) among the Bouyei ethnic group, respectively. We found rural elderly individuals with HUA among the Dong ethnic group had a 52% elevated risk of CVD (1.52, 1.05–2.21); furthermore, an at least 79% increased risk of stroke related to HUA was observed in women (2.24, 1.09–4.62) and elderly people (1.79, 1.02–3.13) in rural areas among the Dong ethnic group. But a positive association was not found among the Miao ethnic group. Screening early-onset HUA patients may be helpful for the control and prevention of CVD in rural residents, especially for women and older adults living in a rural community, among the Dong and Bouyei ethnic groups in China.

scholarly journals Anthropometric Indices of Obesity and the Prediction of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in an Iranian Population

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 424-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Azimi–Nezhad ◽  
Majid Ghayour–Mobarhan ◽  
Mohammad Safarian ◽  
Habibollah Esmailee ◽  
Seyed Mohammad Reza Parizadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Iranian Population ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Cutoff Values ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Gender Specific

The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome are increasing globally. The present study was conducted in an attempt to define optimal cutoff values for several anthropometric variables in an Iranian population, as these may vary with ethnicity. Iranian subjects (2483 men and 2445 women), aged 15–65 years, were recruited using a cluster-stratified sampling method from rural and urban areas within the Khorasan province. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis was used to define optimal anthropometric cutoff values. The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome were 28, 5.5, 67, and 39.9%, respectively. The gender-specific cutoff values for waist:height ratio to predict hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome among men were 0.52 (sensitivity = 66%; specificity = 66%), 0.54 (sensitivity = 65%; specificity = 65%), 0.50 (sensitivity = 58%; specificity = 57%), and 0.53 (sensitivity = 73%; specificity = 70%), and for women were 0.59 (sensitivity = 61%; specificity = 61%), 0.61 (sensitivity = 64%; specificity = 64%), 0.57 (sensitivity = 61%; specificity = 61%), and 0.59 (sensitivity = 77%; specificity = 77%) (p< 0.05). Significant correlations were found between waist:height ratio and hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome, particularly in women. Waist circumference cutoffs were higher for women than men for hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia.

scholarly journals Violence against rural women: conceptions of professionals in the intersectoral network of care

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-179
Author(s):  
Gabriela Bervian ◽  
Marta Cocco Da Costa ◽  
Ethel Bastos Da Silva ◽  
Jaqueline Arboit ◽  
Fernanda Honnef
Keyword(s):  
Rural Women ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Las Mujeres ◽  
La Red

Introducción: La violencia contra las mujeres tanto en áreas rurales como urbanas requiere para su enfrentamiento la articulación de diferentes sectores, a través de una red de atención.Objetivo: Conocer las concepciones de profesionales de la red de atención acerca de la violencia contra las mujeres rurales.Método: Investigación cualitativa, realizada con 26 profesionales de la red de atención a las mujeres rurales en situación de violencia en cuatro municipios de Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. La generación de datos ocurrió a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas, siendo analizadas por el análisis de contenido temático.Resultados: Los profesionales relacionaban la violencia contra las mujeres rurales a aspectos culturales, generacionales y heterogeneidades de género, que naturalizan la violencia. Indicaban los distintos tipos de violencia vivenciados, desde la violencia física, psicológica, moral, sexual, dependencia, privación de libertad hasta las jornadas de trabajo intensas.Conclusiones: Los hallazgos refuerzan las desigualdades de género que perpetúan la subyugación y sumisión de las mujeres rurales. Introduction: Violence against women in both rural and urban areas requires the coordination of different sectors through a network of care. Objective: To know the conceptions of professionals of the care network about violence against rural women. Method: Qualitative research carried out with 26 professionals from the network of care to rural women in situations of violence in four cities of Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. Data were generated semi-structured interviews and analyzed using the thematic content analysis. Results: Professionals related violence against rural women to cultural, generational and gender heterogeneities, which makes violence natural. They pointed to the different types of violence experienced, either physical, psychological, moral, and sexual violence, dependence, deprivation of liberty and intense work hours. Conclusions: The findings reinforce the gender inequalities that perpetuate the subjugation and submission of rural women. Introdução: A violência contra mulheres tanto em áreas rurais quanto urbanas requer para seu enfrentamento a articulação de diferentes setores, por meio de uma rede de atendimento. Objetivo: Conhecer as concepções de profissionais da rede de atendimento acerca da violência contra mulheres rurais. Método: Pesquisa qualitativa, realizada com 26 profissionais da rede de atendimento às mulheres rurais em situação de violência em quatro municípios do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. A geração de dados ocorreu através de entrevistas semiestruturadas, sendo analisadas pela análise de conteúdo temática. Resultados: Os profissionais relacionavam a violência contra as mulheres rurais a aspectos culturais, geracionais e heterogeneidades de gênero, que naturalizam a violência. Apontavam os diferentes tipos de violência vivenciados, desde a violência física, psicológica, moral, sexual, dependência, privação de liberdade até as jornadas de trabalho intensas. Conclusões: Os achados reforçam as desigualdades de gênero que perpetuam a subjugação e submissão das mulheres rurais.

scholarly journals Use of Contraceptive Methods among Pakistani Women in Southern Punjab and Perception about their Effectiveness

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Tehreem Rasheed ◽  
Asma Sajid ◽  
Hina Nazakat ◽  
Mushayydah Fatima ◽  
Muhammad Adnan Aslam
Keyword(s):  
Rural Women ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Contraceptive Methods ◽  
Barrier Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Barrier Methods ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Rural And Urban

Objective: To study the general trends about the use of different contraceptive methods among rural and urban women; and ascertain their perception about the effectiveness of contraceptives and associate desire forfertility, parity, and birth control measures among the women of rural and urban areas.Study Design: A cross-sectional descriptive study.Place and Duration of the Study: The study was conducted in the Gynecology department of Mukhtar. A Sheikh Hospital, Multan from 3th of October 2019 to 3th of March 2020.Materials and Methods: A total of 200 women aged between 31-41 years and varying literacy rates wereincluded in the study. The participants belonged to both rural and urban areas and interviewed for theirdesirability for fertility. Negative responses were asked further probed regarding their perspective aboutcontraception and preferred method. Data was analyzed on SPSS software 23.0.Results: Out of 200 female patients, 75% urban and 65.4% rural women expressed no desire for fertility, Thecontraceptive utilization was reported 91.6% among urban and 76.9% among rural women. Among the ruraland urban users of contraceptives, the barrier method was the most frequently used method with thepercentage of 50% and 42.3%, respectively. Among women with parity less than or equal to 3, 61.5% had nodesire for fertility and 56.4% were using the barrier method while all the women (31.4%) with parity greaterthan 3 expressed no desire for fertility and were using copper IUDs for contraception. Although, 30.4% of urbanwomen regarded contraception methods as most effective yet only 18.8% found them completely effective.Conclusion: The prevalence rate of contraception in Pakistan has drastically risen among both rural and urbanwomen but traditional barrier methods remain the frequent method of use. However, majority still believe thatcontraceptive methods are not effective. Therefore, awareness campaigns should be launched to increase theiracceptability and eliminate myths.

scholarly journals Quality of life of post-menopausal women residing in rural and urban areas of Sikkim, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 5125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barkha Devi ◽  
Prerna Karki ◽  
Rajnee Chhetry ◽  
Neelam Sharma ◽  
Manisha Niroula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Women ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Post Menopausal

Background: Menopause is an inevitable reproductive phase during midlife when various physical and mental changes may impair the quality of life of women. The presence and severity of symptoms vary tremendously from woman to woman and can last from months to years during this transitional period. This study was conducted to assess the quality of life and menopause related problems among post-menopausal women residing rural and urban areas of Sikkim.Methods: Descriptive explorative study was done in East Sikkim among 120 rural and urban post-menopausal women who were in the age group of 45 years and above, had attained natural menopause and didn’t have menstruation from last one year, were selected through purposive sampling technique. Women with induced menopause, hysterectomy, receiving hormonal treatment were excluded. Along with collection of socio-demographic data, the Menopause Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire was used to assess the Quality of life based on experience of the symptoms through interview technique.Results: The mean menopausal age was 48±3.649 years in rural area and 47±3.831 years for urban area. The mean scores in quality of life between post-menopausal women in rural areas (M=136.6, SD=28.78) were found significantly impaired and the difference was found statistically significant (t=5.75 p<0.001) which shows that rural women were having impaired quality of life as compared to urban women during post-menopausal period. The findings also revealed that factors affecting the quality of life of postmenopausal women were the history of menopause, occupation of women, in urban women and time of attending menopause, in rural women.Conclusions: The present study shows that menopause related symptoms had a negative effect on the quality of life of the post-menopausal women. Such studies can help in creating awareness and in educating women on the early identification of the common menopausal symptoms.

scholarly journals Poverty, beliefs about HIV-AIDS transmission, and the gap in HIV-AIDS testing among women between rural and urban areas in Cameroon

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 158-182
Author(s):  
Mpabe Bodjongo ◽  
Mathieu Juliot
Keyword(s):  
Rural Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Elderly Person ◽  
Preventive Health Care ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Income Poverty ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Hiv Aids

The objective of this study is to examine the effects of income poverty and beliefs about HIV-AIDS transmission on the gap in HIV-AIDS testing among women between rural and urban areas in Cameroon. The analysis is based on a sample of 7,464 women from the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS 5) of Cameroon (NIS, 2015). Based on the literature on the demand for preventive health care, econometric results obtained using a decomposing differencesmodel based on Yun method, reveal that the HIV-AIDS screening rate of women living in rural areas is lower than that of women living in urban areas. Improvements in the level of economic well-being, demonstrated knowledge about HIV-AIDS, and education levels of rural women are likely to reduce this gap. On the other hand, having a child, knowing where to get tested for HIV-AIDS, or being an elderly person does no help reduce this gap.

scholarly journals Tracing Institutional Role of Technical and Vocational Education and Training Skills for Socio-Economic Development of Women in Baluchistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aziz Ahmed ◽  
Muhammad Shakeel ◽  
Aliya Hashmi Khan
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Vocational Education And Training ◽  
Women Empowerment ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban

This paper describes socio-economic and demographic impacts of TVET provision for women empowerment in rural and urban areas of Baluchistan. Different economic factors and demographic attributes are examined with TVET programs on empirical counts for policy analysis. The analysis is descriptive and questionnaire based data from 178 TVET qualified women by using three stage stratified sampling technique are traced out in rural and urban areas of Baluchistan.The factors like, self-employed status of women, parents’ education, ethnicity, household head characteristics, rural and urban set ups, institutional affiliation, and self-choice for a specific TVET trade contribute to socio-economic and demographic empowerment of women. Rural women are found to get less economic benefits of jobs and income earnings as compared to urban counterparts.The tentative findings suggest for socio-economic and demographic impacts of TVET for women to support to the consensus of development for TVET contributions into human capital theory. The findings guide towards the profound contribution of TVET in theory of human capital formation and its socio-economic and demographic impacts specifically to women empowerment studies in the un-developed regions.

scholarly journals Use of Alternative Medicine Among Women in an Urban And Rural Area of Bangladesh

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (Number 1) ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
N Haque ◽  
M A Aleem ◽  
M Haque
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Alternative Medicine ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Women ◽  
Spiritual Healing ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban

Alternative medicine (AM) has been widely practiced to manage health in many parts of the world for long. Pattern of use of AM differs by geographical locations and culture. Previous study findings suggest clear urban-rural divide on the frequency and pattern of use of AM This study was conducted to focus on this area for which little evidence exists within Bangladeshi context. Total of 230 women (115 from both rural and urban areas) of ?18 years of age were enrolled to collect information on frequency and pattern of use of AM in Bangladesh using structured questionnaire. The information was compared between the rural and urban areas to infer statistically significant differences. Proportion of participants using AM was greater among rural compared to urban women (67% vs 42%; p<0,004 The most commonly used modality of AM by urban was Homeopathy as opposed to Kaviraji and spiritual healing by rural users (75% vs 63% and 42% respectively; p<0.05). Relatively more among the urban were past users as opposed to greater proportion among rural respondents being current users of AM Simultaneous usage of both alternative and conventional method were more common among urban women. Most of urban had AM on daily basis in contrast to majority among rural users using it only once in a while. The most frequently treated conditions by AM were stiff or painful joints and arthritis among both groups and there were no significant statistical differences in this regard. Rural women used AM more often compared to women in urban setting. Homeopathy was the most commonly used modality of Al among urban in contrast to Kaviraji or spiritual healing among rural women. There were statistically significant differences for certain pattern of use of AM between women in urban and rural areas. Issues related to availability of conventional health care facilities, health care behavior and socio-demographic factors may play crucial role for these differences. Study with greater number of samples along with qualitative research methods to better characterize AM usage in both rural and urban settings are recommended.

scholarly journals A study of breast-feeding practices among rural women

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 51-57
Author(s):  
Dr. Santosh Patel ◽  
◽  
Dr. Kamlesh K Nigam ◽  
Dr. G. Chitti Babu ◽  
Dr. SLDV Ramana Murty Kadali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Women ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Rural And Urban Area ◽  
Study Participants

Introduction: Breastfeeding is an unequalled way of providing ideal food for the healthy growthand development of infants. As per the national family health survey-3 (NFHS-3), only 46% of theIndian infants between 0 and 6 months are exclusively breastfed. Hence the following study wasdone to know the practice of breastfeeding in mothers of rural and urban areas of India. Materialsand Methods: The study was conducted in a rural and urban area, which is under theadministrative control of a tertiary care hospital. All lactating mothers having babies up to 1 yearwere included in the study. Results: The mean age was 26.73 years (SD = 2.53), and 40.4 % ofmothers were below 20-24 years of age. A large proportion (77.8%) were of the Hindu faith. Mostmothers had education beyond primary school. 35.1% of participants were mothers of 2 or morechildren. A large percentage (74.7%) of study participants were delivered in a hospital. Exclusivebreastfeeding was practiced by 73.1% of mothers. 78.3% of a mother gave first breast milk i.e.colostrum to their new-borns. Still, 46.3% of mothers feed their child with honey, Ghutti, plainwater, artificial milk, sugar water, etc., before starting breastfeeding. Conclusions: The counselingshould be continued after the delivery of the baby for continuous education to the mother about theproper care of newborn, initiation of breastfeeding, the information regarding the advantages andduration of breastfeeding, the importance of colostrum feeding, the timing of weaning needs to beprovided

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