scholarly journals Detecting trends in the quality and productivity of grasslands by analyzing the historical vegetation relevés: A case study from Southeastern Carpathians, Vlădeasa Mountains (Romania)

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 12378
Author(s):  
Teodor MARUȘCA ◽  
Anamaria ROMAN ◽  
Elena TAULESCU ◽  
Tudor M. URSU ◽  
Răzvan D. POPA
Keyword(s):  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Grassland Ecosystems ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Romanian Carpathians ◽  
Administrative Units ◽  
Pastoral Value

Grassland ecosystems are essential for biomass production but are prone to degradation if management practices are inappropriate. Thus, it is necessary to optimize grazing management since the grazing practices and grassland status are interconnected. Herbage mass production and forage quality of the plant species are among the most important factors for grazing livestock performance, grassland carrying capacity, and their sustainable management. We employed optimized methods for the analysis of two historical vegetation datasets (from 1970 and 2008), along with the statistical data on livestock numbers and types from three administrative units within the Vlădeasa Mountains area, in the Romanian Carpathians. We looked for trends in grassland quality and productivity and explored their connections to grazing management descriptors and practices. We identified a small but statistically significant decreasing trend between the two periods in both pastoral value (from 63.80 to 61.43) and productivity (from 10.80 t ha-1 to 9.18 t ha-1). The decline in grassland quality and productivity may be associated with the sharp decrease in livestock numbers (from 9,688 LU to 5,085 LU) and the replacement of cattle by sheep as the dominant livestock type. The abandonment of grasslands and traditional practices also increased the deviation from the optimum of the actual stocking rate. This approach can be used as a model for other areas where time-series vegetation data are available from phytosociological literature and/or databases. These insights can be used to design adaptive grazing management plans to optimize grazing management according to the carrying capacity of the grassland ecosystems.

scholarly journals RENCANA PENGELOLAAN KAWASAN WISATA PULAU TIDUNG, KELURAHAN PULAU TIDUNG, KECAMATAN KEPULAUAN SERIBU SELATAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 2131
Author(s):  
Garry Jeremiah Anthony Rey ◽  
Suryono Herlambang
Keyword(s):  
Community Involvement ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Small Island ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Visitor Preferences ◽  
The Difference

Tidung Island Tourism Area is a natural tourist attraction located in the Tidung Island Village, Seribu Islands District which offers Beach and Underwater Beauty as the attraction of Small Island Tourism. In addition, the large number of homestays is the difference between Tidung Island and other small islands in Kepulaun Thousand. The high number of tourists each year is a marker that Tidung Island Tourism Area is one of the options for the community to spend their vacation time. Along with the increasing number of tourists, it is necessary to repair and improve the quality of management and also the physical condition of existing facilities so that small island management can be maintained. Virtual Hotel Operator is a system that can be an answer in managing existing homestays. In addition, there is still a lack of direct community involvement in the management of the Island which is also a serious concern. The purpose of this study is to find out the management system in Small Island, especially Tidung Island, visitors' perceptions and preferences regarding the Tourist Area and propose a plan for managing the Tidung Island Tourism Area. To achieve these objectives, several analyzes were carried out, namely: policy analysis, physical conditions and management analysis, distribution, conditions and management of accommodation analysis, perception and visitor preferences analysis; carrying capacity analysis management plans and strategies analysis. These analysis were done using descriptive analysis tool, SWOT, calculation of carrying capacity, likert scale and cartesius.  AbstrakKawasan Wisata Pulau Tidung adalah objek wisata alam yang berada di Kelurahan Pulau Tidung, Kecamatan Kepulauan Seribu yang menawarkan Pantai dan Keindahan bawah laut sebagai daya tarik Pariwisata Pulau Kecil. Selain itu jumlah homestay yang banyak merupakan pembeda Pulau Tidung dengan Pulau-Pulau Kecil lainnya di Kepulaun seribu.  Jumlah wisatawan yang tinggi tiap tahunnya menjadi penanda bahwa Kawasan Wisata Pulau Tidung menjadi salah satu opsi masyarakat dalam menghabiskan waktu berlibur yang ada. Seiring dengan bertambah banyaknya wisatawan maka perlu dilakukaan perbaikan dan peningkatan kualitas terhadap manajemen dan juga kondisi fisik fasilitas yang ada sehingga pengelolaan pulau kecil dapat terjaga. Virtual Hotel Operator merupakan suatu sistem yang bisa menjadi jawaban dalam pengelolaan homestay yang ada. Selain itu, masih kurangnya keterlibatan masyarakat secara langsung dalam pengelolaan Pulau yang ada juga menjadi perhatian yang serius. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu mengetahui sistem pengelolaan yang ada di Pulau Kecil khususnya Pulau Tidung, persepsi dan preferensi pengunjung mengenai Kawasan Wisata serta mengusulkan rencana pengelolaan Kawasan Wisata Pulau Tidung. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut dilakukan beberapa analisis yaitu : analisis kebijakan, analisis kondisi fisik dan pengelolaan, analisis persebaran, kondisi dan pengelolaan akomodasi, analisis persepsi dan preferensi pengunjung, analisis daya dukung dan analisis rencana dan strategi pengelolaan. Analisis yang dilakukan menggunakan alat analisis yaitu deksriptif , SWOT, perhitungan daya dukung, skala likert dan diagram cartesius.

Reproduction and productivity of semidomesticated reindeer in northern Finland

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jouko Kumpula ◽  
Alfred Colpaert ◽  
Mauri Nieminen
Keyword(s):  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Supplementary Feeding ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Reindeer Husbandry ◽  
Winter Range ◽  
High Level

The increase in the Finnish semidomesticated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) stock and the high level of meat production during the 1980s and the beginning of the 1990s were mainly due to reindeer-management practices. However, the continuing deterioration of winter-range quality has now forced reindeer managers to invest increasingly in supplementary feeding. At the same time, carrying-capacity models for semidomesticated- reindeer ranges have proved difficult to develop. This study deals with reproduction and productivity of the reindeer stock in northern Finland during the period 1987-1995. The results reveal that reproduction and productivity of reindeer in the study area are largely regulated by density-dependent factors related to the quantity and quality of winter ranges. Reindeer densities on total rangeland had the strongest effect on the slaughter body masses of reindeer, which indicates the special importance of summer and autumn pastures for growth and autumn condition of reindeer. Through intensive calf slaughtering, the natural mortality rate was minimised and reproduction rates and reindeer meat production were increased, although winter ranges were heavy grazed. Developing semidomesticated-reindeer husbandry to be more economical in the future by keeping sustainable meat production at a sufficiently high level while maintaining reindeer rangeland in adequate condition and supplementary feeding quite marginal in Finland involves consideration of both ecological and management factors. One way of looking at the economic carrying capacity of Finnish semidomesticated-reindeer ranges is to develop a model based on dependence among the factors presented in this study. Sustainable net incomes from reindeer husbandry could then be optimised by studying and modelling the economy of reindeer management itself with respect to stock density.

scholarly journals Assessing the effectiveness of invasive alien plant management in a large fynbos protected area

Bothalia ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tineke Kraaij ◽  
Johan A. Baard ◽  
Diba R. Rikhotso ◽  
Nicholas S. Cole ◽  
Brian W. Van Wilgen
Keyword(s):  
Protected Area ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Plant Management ◽  
Alien Plant ◽  
Invasive Alien Plant ◽  
Management Interventions ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Choice Of Treatment

Background: Concern has been expressed about the effectiveness of invasive alien plant (IAP) control operations carried out by Working for Water (WfW). South African legislation now also requires reporting on the effectiveness of IAP management interventions. Objectives: We assessed the effectiveness of IAP management practices in a large fynbos protected area, the Garden Route National Park, South Africa. Methods: We undertook field surveys of pre-clearing IAP composition and the quality of treatments applied by WfW during 2012–2015 in 103 management units, covering 4280 ha. We furthermore assessed WfW data for evidence of change in IAP cover after successive treatments, and adherence to industry norms. Results: Despite the development of detailed management plans, implementation was poorly aligned with plans. The quality of many treatments was inadequate, with work done to standard in only 23% of the assessed area. Problems encountered included (1) a complete absence of treatment application despite the payment of contractors (33% of assessed area); (2) treatments not being comprehensive in that select areas (38%), IAP species (11%) or age classes (8%) were untreated; (3) wrong choice of treatment method (9%); and (4) treatments not applied to standard (7%). Accordingly, successive follow-up treatments largely did not reduce the cover of IAPs. Inaccurate (or lack of) infield estimation of IAP cover prior to contract generation resulted in erroneous estimation of effort required and expenditure disparate with WfW norms. Conclusions: We advocate rigorous, compulsory, infield assessment of IAP cover prior to contract allocation and assessment of the quality of treatments applied prior to contractors’ payment. This should improve the efficiency of control operations and enable tracking of both the state of invasions and effectiveness of management.

Management of grazing systems

1989 ◽  
pp. 117-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hodgson
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Control ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Pastoral Systems ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Alternative Means ◽  
Grazing Systems ◽  
Stocking Rates

Recent assessments of the relative importance of stocking rate. stocking policy and grazing management on the output from pastoral systems are used as a starting point to argue the need for objective pasture assessments to aid control of livestock enterprises to meet production targets. Variations in stocking rates, stocking policy and other management practices all provide alternative means of control of pasture conditions which are the major determinants of pasture and animal performance. Understanding of the influence of pasture conditions on systems performance should provide a better basis for management control and for Communication between farmers, extension officers and researchers. Keywords: Stocking rate, pasture condition, pasture cover

Agricultural best management practices and surface water improvement and management

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 109-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Anderson ◽  
E. G. Flaig
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Agricultural Runoff ◽  
South Florida ◽  
Lake Okeechobee ◽  
Runoff Water ◽  
Best Management ◽  
Management Plans

Restoration and enhancement of Lake Okeechobee and the Florida Everglades requires a comprehensive approach to manage agricultural runoff. The Florida Surface Water Improvement and Management (SWIM) Act of 1987 was promulgated to develop and implement plans for protecting Florida waters. The South Florida Water Management District was directed by Florida legislature to develop management plans for Lake Okeechobee (SWIM) and the Everglades ecosystem (Marjory Stoneman Douglas Everglades Protection Act of 1991). These plans require agriculture to implement best management practices (BMPs) to reduce runoff phosphorus (P) loads. The Lake Okeechobee SWIM plan established a P load reduction target for Lake Okeechobee and set P concentration limitations for runoff from non-point source agricultural sources. Agricultural water users in the Everglades Agricultural Area (EAA) are required to develop farm management plans to reduce P loads from the basin by 25%. The Everglades Forever Act of 1994 additionally emphasized linkage of these landscapes and consequent protection and restoration of the Everglades. Agricultural BMPs are being developed and implemented to comply with water management, environmental, and regulatory standards. Although BMPs are improving runoff water quality, additional research is necessary to obtain the best combination of BMPs for individual farms. This paper summarizes the development of comprehensive water management in south Florida and the agricultural BMPs carried out to meet regulatory requirements for Lake Okeechobee and the Everglades.

Systematic approaches in water management: Aquatic outlook and decision support systems combining monitoring, research, policy analysis and information technology

1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. de Jong ◽  
J. T. van Buuren ◽  
J. P. A. Luiten
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Policy Analysis ◽  
Research Policy ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Ecological Aspects ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Water Management Plans ◽  
Life On Earth

Sustained developments is the target of almost every modern water management policy. Sustainability is focused on human life and on the ecological quality of our environment. Both aspects are essential for life on earth. Within a river catchment area this means that well balanced relations have to be laid between human activities and ecological aspects in the involved areas. Policy analysis is especially looking for the most efficient way to analyse and to overcome bottlenecks. In The Netherlands project “The Aquatic Outlook” all these elements are worked out in a nationwide scale, providing the scientific base and policy analysis from which future water management plans can be derived.

scholarly journals Processes, Challenges and Optimisation of Rum Production from Molasses—A Contemporary Review

Fermentation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Tinashe Mangwanda ◽  
Joel B. Johnson ◽  
Janice S. Mani ◽  
Steve Jackson ◽  
Shaneel Chandra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Yeast Strains ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Production Industry ◽  
Stringent Quality

The rum industry is currently worth USD 16 billion, with production concentrated in tropical countries of the Caribbean and Asia-Pacific regions. The primary feedstock for rum production is sugar cane molasses, a by-product of sugar refineries. The main variables known to affect rum quality include the composition of the molasses, the length of fermentation, and the type of barrels and length of time used for aging the rum. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of the impact of these variables on rum quality, and to highlight current challenges and opportunities in the production of rum from molasses. In order to achieve this, we review the relevant contemporary scientific literature on these topics. The major contemporary challenges in the rum production industry include minimising the effects of variability in feedstock quality, ensuring the fermentation process runs to completion, preventing microbial contamination, and the selection and maintenance of yeast strains providing optimum ethanol production. Stringent quality management practices are required to ensure consistency in the quality and organoleptic properties of the rum from batch to batch. Further research is required to fully understand the influences of many of these variables on the final quality of the rum produced.

scholarly journals INTRODUCING MORE TRANSPARENT AND EFFICIENT LAND MANAGEMENT IN POST‐SOCIALIST CITIES: LESSONS FROM KYRGYZSTAN

2008 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Kaganova ◽  
Abdirasul Akmatov ◽  
Charles Undeland
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Land Management ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Public Deliberation ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Registration System ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Property Registration

The Urban Institute (UI) worked with five cities in post‐Soviet Kyrgyzstan to apply better management practices through the development of Strategic Land Management Plans. Kyrgyzstan transferred property to local governments, but municipal land management had remained poor owing to a proliferation of responsible agencies, lack of rule of law, corruption, and passiveness on the part of local governments. UI worked with local governments to make an inventory of municipal land, publicize the results, and develop a strategy that articulated principles for land management and an implementation plan. This led to several improvements including proper registration of parcels and proactive policies to lease and sell land through open competition. It also established a model for determining public policy that countered corruption and public deliberation of costs and benefits in the use of local assets. Donor involvement to promote good land legislation, the property registration system, and decentralization was also critical to success. Santrauka Urbanistikos institutas bendradarbiavo su penkiais posovietinės Kirgizijos miestais, kad, plėtodamas strateginės žemėtvarkos planus, įvestų geresnę vadybos praktiką. Kirgizijoje nuosavybė perduota vietos valdžiai, tačiau žemėtvarkos būklė savivaldybėse išliko vargana dėl atsakingų tarnybų gausos, įstatymų trūkumo, korupcijos ir vietos valdžios pasyvumo. Urbanistikos institutas bendradarbiavo su vietos valdžia, siekdamas inventorizuoti savivaldybių žemę, paskelbti rezultatus ir sukurti strategiją, pabrėžiančią žemėtvarkos principus ir įgyvendinimo planą. Tai leido kai ką patobulinti, įskaitant deramą sklypų registravimą ir aktyvią žemės nuomos bei pardavimo per atvirus konkursus politiką. Be to, sudarytas modelis, nustatantis viešąją politiką, kovojančią su korupcija, ir viešus sąnaudų ir naudos svarstymus naudojant vietinį turtą. Prie gerų žemės įstatymų, nuosavybės registravimo sistemos ir decentralizacijos sėkmingo propagavimo daug prisidėjo ir rėmėjai.

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