scholarly journals Alzheimer's 100th anniversary of death and his contribution to a better understanding of Senile dementia

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliasz Engelhardt ◽  
Marleide da Mota Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Neurofibrillary Tangles ◽  
Senile Dementia ◽  
100Th Anniversary ◽  
Silver Impregnation ◽  
New Disease ◽  
Impregnation Technique ◽  
Alois Alzheimer

Initially the trajectory of the historical forerunners and conceptions of senile dementia are briefly presented, being highlighted the name of Alois Alzheimer who provided clinical and neuropathological indicators to differentiate a group of patients with Senile dementia. Alzheimer's examination of Auguste D’s case, studied by him with Bielschowsky’s silver impregnation technique, permitted to identify a pathological marker, the intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles, characterizing a new disease later named after him by Kraepelin – Alzheimer’s disease. Over the time this disorder became one of the most important degenerative dementing disease, reaching nowadays a status that may be considered as epidemic.

Alzheimer’s Disease: Biological Aspects

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven R. Sabat
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Senile Dementia ◽  
Alois Alzheimer ◽  
Biological Aspects

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) was first identified by Alois Alzheimer in 1906 in his patient, Frau Auguste D. Dr. Alzheimer saw Frau D in 1901 and observed her rather striking symptoms that normally would have been described as “senile dementia.” It would have been called this...

Spinal Alterations of Reil Insula in Alzheimer’s Disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 222-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Foivos E. Petrides ◽  
Ioannis A. Mavroudis ◽  
Martha Spilioti ◽  
Fotios G. Chatzinikolaou ◽  
Vasiliki G. Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Neuronal Loss ◽  
Silver Impregnation ◽  
Important Target ◽  
Impregnation Technique ◽  
Biochemical Mechanisms ◽  
Normal Controls

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that involves numerous cellular and biochemical mechanisms resulting in synaptic alterations and extensive neuronal loss. It is primarily characterized by impairment of memory, associated frequently with mood disorders. Continuous studies have shown that insula may be an important target of AD, but neuropathological alterations have not been described extensively. In the present study, we attempted to describe the morphometric and morphological changes of the spines of Reil insula in AD in comparison with normal aging using a silver impregnation technique. We classified spines into 3 types: (1) long neck, (2) short stubby, and (3) other types; and we measured and correlated the length of them in normal controls and in individuals with AD using ImageJ application. Statistical analysis was based on the Student t test on the basis of 360 cells in SPSS v.17.0, and significance was taken as P < .05.

Alzheimer's Disease Confirmed by Cerebral Biopsy: a Therapeutic Trial with Cortisone and A.C.T.H.

1955 ◽  
Vol 101 (424) ◽  
pp. 604-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sim ◽  
W. Thomas Smith
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Senile Plaque ◽  
Senile Dementia ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Silver Impregnation ◽  
Therapeutic Trial ◽  
Progressive Dementia ◽  
Neurofibrillary Changes ◽  
Cerebral Biopsy

This paper describes treatment with cortisone and A.C.T.H. of two patients in whom Alzheimer's Disease (A.D.) had been confirmed histologically by cerebral biopsy.A.D. is a progressive dementia which usually occurs between the ages of 40 and 60 years, and there is no known specific treatment. Intellectual deterioration, which progresses insidiously over a period of 2–10 years, leads to gross dementia, and the inevitable problems of care and supervision often necessitate removal to an institution. Histologically the disease is characterized by atrophy of cortical nerve cells and the presence within the cortex of argentophile plaques which are demonstrable by the silver impregnation techniques of Bielschowsky or von Braunmühl (see Fig. 1); these plaques have a mixed granular and fibrillary structure. The same silver methods also show irregular thickening and disorientation of the nerve cell fibrils, which form “tangles” and “loops” (see Fig. 2). Identical plaques and neurofibrillary changes are also seen in senile dementia, the term “senile plaque” being used in both diseases.

Liquid crystalline ordering of paired helical filaments in neurofibrillary tangles of Alzheimer's disease

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 348-349
Author(s):  
D.F. Clapin ◽  
V.J.A. Montpetit
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Neurofibrillary Tangles ◽  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Amyloid Fibrils ◽  
Geometric Analysis ◽  
Paired Helical Filaments ◽  
Microscopic Level ◽  
Light Microscopic Level ◽  
Regular Spacing

Alzheimer's disease is characterized by the accumulation of abnormal filamentous proteins. The most important of these are amyloid fibrils and paired helical filaments (PHF). PHF are located intraneuronally forming bundles called neurofibrillary tangles. The designation of these structures as "tangles" is appropriate at the light microscopic level. However, localized domains within individual tangles appear to demonstrate a regular spacing which may indicate a liquid crystalline phase. The purpose of this paper is to present a statistical geometric analysis of PHF packing.

scholarly journals NLRP3 Inflammasome: A Starring Role in Amyloid-β- and Tau-Driven Pathological Events in Alzheimer’s Disease

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Mariana Van Zeller ◽  
Diogo M. Dias ◽  
Ana M. Sebastião ◽  
Cláudia A. Valente
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Neurofibrillary Tangles ◽  
Nlrp3 Inflammasome ◽  
Neuronal Death ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Senile Plaques ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Wide Range

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease commonly diagnosed among the elderly population. AD is characterized by the loss of synaptic connections, neuronal death, and progressive cognitive impairment, attributed to the extracellular accumulation of senile plaques, composed by insoluble aggregates of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides, and to the intraneuronal formation of neurofibrillary tangles shaped by hyperphosphorylated filaments of the microtubule-associated protein tau. However, evidence showed that chronic inflammatory responses, with long-lasting exacerbated release of proinflammatory cytokines by reactive glial cells, contribute to the pathophysiology of the disease. NLRP3 inflammasome (NLRP3), a cytosolic multiprotein complex sensor of a wide range of stimuli, was implicated in multiple neurological diseases, including AD. Herein, we review the most recent findings regarding the involvement of NLRP3 in the pathogenesis of AD. We address the mechanisms of NLRP3 priming and activation in glial cells by Aβ species and the potential role of neurofibrillary tangles and extracellular vesicles in disease progression. Neuronal death by NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis, driven by the interneuronal tau propagation, is also discussed. We present considerable evidence to claim that NLRP3 inhibition, is undoubtfully a potential therapeutic strategy for AD.

scholarly journals Caretaker Obstreperous Behavior Rating Scale

1997 ◽  
Vol 8 (S3) ◽  
pp. 321-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan M. Swearer ◽  
David A. Drachman
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Senile Dementia ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Behavior Rating Scale ◽  
Large Patient ◽  
Number Of Patients

Although Alzheimer's original description of the dementing disorder that bears his name emphasized the prominence of troublesome and disruptive behaviors, a systematic investigation of behavioral disturbances of dementia did not begin in earnest until the 1980s. At that time, as the neuropathologic identity of presenile Alzheimer's disease and late-onset “senile dementia” was recognized, the redefinition of Alzheimer's disease abruptly increased the number of patients diagnosed with this condition. Physicians and other medical personnel working with Alzheimer's disease patients recognized both the importance of abnormal behaviors in this now large patient population and the need to describe, classify, and quantify these behaviors.

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