scholarly journals Gender differences among dentistry conference speakers in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (spe1) ◽  
pp. 73-82
Author(s):  
Leandro Brambilla Martorell ◽  
Ana Luiza Mustafe Silva ◽  
Cláudio Rodrigues Leles ◽  
Brunno Santos de Freitas Silva ◽  
Cristina Vianna Moreira dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Gender Disparity ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Gender Balance ◽  
Professional Societies ◽  
Dental Professional ◽  
Women Participation

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate possible gender differences among the invited speakers of Brazilian dentistry meetings. The selected meetings (n=15) were held in different states distributed among the five Brazilian regions. The conference programs were manually reviewed, and a database was constructed. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests. A total of 1,195 speakers was identified, 19.7% (n= 235) of which were women. The results of this study provide an overview of the trends of gender disparity in dentistry conferences in Brazil. These findings suggest disseminated gender-discriminatory practices in the promotion of women participation as speakers in such events. This requires more effective approaches to promote gender balance among conference organizing committees and encourage greater visibility and promotion of equity and diversity policies in dental professional societies to ensure more equitable conference programs.

scholarly journals The Opinion of Employees and Children Living in Foster Care Homes About Romanian National Clean Air Legislation on Tobacco Smoking

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 4-6
Author(s):  
Nimród Tubák ◽  
Iozsef Lorand Ferencz ◽  
Valentin Nădăşan ◽  
Enikő Nemes Nagy ◽  
Lóránd Kocsis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Foster Care ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Care Homes ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Future ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Clean Air

AbstractThis study aims to assess the awareness and opinions of employees and children living in foster care homes about the Romanian Clean Air Legislation. The assessment was performed six months after the implementation of the antitobacco legislation (Romanian Law no.15/2016), in three Romanian counties (Alba, Mures, and Covasna) including 178 employees and 368 children from 59 foster care homes. Data were collected using an anonymous paper and pencil questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and chi-square test were used for data analysis (significant difference if p < 0.05). Almost one third of the employees and children were smokers from the forest care homes. Nearly, all the employees and most of the children were aware of the legislation, most of them have also noticed some kind of measures taken by foster care homes against smoking. As claimed by smokers, almost two-thirds of them smoked like they used to do before the legislation, more than a quarter stated that they decreased the number of daily smoked cigarettes and nearly a quarter intended to quit smoking in the future. A half year after the implementation of the legislation most of the employees and children living in foster care homes admitted that they knew about the change and it affected their smoking habits. Most of them have also observed some kind of measures taken against smoking. Despite these measures there were still smokers in the foster care homes, so there would be a need for more campaigns against smoking in the future.

scholarly journals Different strategies used in the retention phase of orthodontic treatment

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 115-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinicius Schau de Araújo Lima ◽  
Felipe de Assis Ribeiro Carvalho ◽  
Rhita Cristina Cunha Almeida ◽  
Jonas Capelli Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Lower Arch

OBJECTIVE: To identify most frequent clinical conducts, considering the following variables: 1) used appliances; 2) time of use; 3) protocol of use in daily hours and evolution with along time; 4) percentage of patients in follow up 1 year after treatment; and 5) most frequent observed relapses.. METHODS: It was used a questionnaire distributed to all specialization course of Orthodontics inscribed in the Brazilian Federal Council of Dentistry until October of 2005. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: It was obtained 91 valid questionnaires. For data analysis were used descriptive statistics and chi-square for linear tendency and chi-square for linear trend and chi-square for multivariate linear trend. We can conclude that: 1) on upper arch, the most used appliances were Hawley, wraparound and acetate plate; in the lower multi-stranded rod, steel rod not bonded to incisors and rod bonded to the incisors; 2) it was indicated its use for more than 24 months for the upper arch, with a trend toward its less use than in the lower arch; 3) the protocol of use in the upper arch begins with 24 hours/day, reducing after the second year; for the lower arch the protocol of hours/day was kept stable; 4) after 1 year of retention most than 50% of treated cases were re-examined; 5) most common relapses were crowding, giroversion and opening of diastemas.

scholarly journals Profile consumption of sheep meat front to animal welfare in the view of producers and consumers

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. e089108158
Author(s):  
Renata Espíndola de Moraes ◽  
Mauricio Fornalski Soares ◽  
Ricardo Zambarda Vaz ◽  
Giselda Maria Pereira ◽  
Mabel Wiegand Mascarenhas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Breeding System ◽  
Meat Consumption ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
The Public ◽  
Sheep Meat ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The City

The objective of this study was to investigate sheep meat: consumption habits, knowledge of producers and consumers about aspects related to animal welfare and the acceptance of certified products. 417 potential sheep meat consumers were interviewed using questionnaires. The interviewees were selected during the 92 Expo Feira de Pelotas and at strategic points of sale of meat such as: butchers, meat boutiques and supermarkets, located in the city of Pelotas. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics with frequency distribution being compared using the chi-square test, or the Kruskal Wallis test to compare the means. Of those surveyed, 34% claim to consume sheep meat at least once a month and only 6% declared not to consume this product. Regarding the importance of animal welfare practices, 39% consider that this activity is extremely important, also, 90% said they are concerned about how animals are raised and slaughtered and 87.8% consider it important to learn more about the breeding system before consuming the product. Producers and people of rural origin have a greater knowledge of the rules that govern animal welfare compared to consumers and people of urban origin. Among those interviewed, 90.1% stated that they would buy the product with an animal welfare certification seal and 74.2% would pay more to obtain a guarantee that the animals were raised under animal welfare standards. It is evident that there is concern among the public interviewed about the adoption of animal welfare practices, however, the knowledge of the consumer of sheep meat on this subject is still restricted.

scholarly journals Avocado Production and Local Trade in the Southern Highlands of Tanzania: A Case of an Emerging Trade Commodity from Horticulture

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juma ◽  
Fors ◽  
Persson Hovmalm ◽  
Nyomora ◽  
Fatih ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Average Price ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Good Proportion

Avocado crop in Tanzania is sparingly investigated regardless of being an important fruit commodity. This study was undertaken to explore the yield and the value chain of this crop in the country. Data were collected mainly by face-to-face interviews with 275 avocado farmers, 231 avocado traders and 16 key informants. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square test and one-way analysis of variance were used for data analysis. The average crop yield ranged from 76 to 124 kg plant−1 between regions. The average price for the farmers’ produce ranged from US$ 0.30 to 0.45 kg−1 between regions. About 72% of the farmers were dissatisfied with avocado business whereas 79% of the traders were pleased with it. A number of challenges were found hindering the development of the avocado industry in Tanzania, which in turn affects the fruit yield and the value chain. Addressing these challenges at the national, regional, district and village levels is important for improving the livelihood of Tanzanian farmers growing this crop, given the fact that a good proportion of the country’s population is employed in the agricultural sector and most of the reported challenges also affect the value chain of other crops.

scholarly journals Gender differences: Participation in agricultural production in Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-194
Author(s):  
Gudina Yadeta ◽  
Gudina Abashula Fojo
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Sample Size Determination ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Chi Square

Women occupy disadvantaged position despite their immense labor contributions to paid and unpaid activities. This study investigated gender differences pertaining to domestic and agricultural activities. The study employed a cross sectional survey design with a mixed research approach of data collection and analysis. Among 17th kebeles that are found in Yayo district, Witate and Hamuma were selected purposively. By doing so, among the total 2060 husbands and wives who live together, 324 of them were picked randomly by using Raosoft sample size determination formula. Descriptive statistics, independent T-test and chi-square were used as quantitative methods of data analysis were as thematic analysis was used as a qualitative method of data analysis. The study revealed that rural women had higher participation in agricultural activities such as weeding, threshing and storing, marketing and livestock management than men. Chi-square test showed that there were an association between gender and participation in decision making with regard to using agricultural inputs, poultry production and household expenditures. With regard to participation in human capitals such as training on agriculture and rural development, chi-square showed significant gender differences between responding husbands and wives. Therefore, it demands an effective policy intervention and awareness creation to address women’s working conditions.

PERSEPSI PETERNAK PADA KEPEMIMPINAN PENDAMPING DAN HUBUNGANNYA DENGAN PRODUKTIVITAS USAHA TERNAK DI PAGUYUBAN AL-AWWALIYAH, PASIRWANGI, GARUT, JAWA BARAT

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-51
Author(s):  
Dwi Indah Sulistiani ◽  
Ujang Maman ◽  
Junaidi J
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Leadership Qualities ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Education Experience ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Relationship

Objective of this research; 1) determine the perception of ranchers against the properties and behavior of the leadership of the companion in the Society of Al-Awwaliyah 2) analyze the relationship between productivity breeder with productivity of livestock in the Society of Al-Awwaliyah 3) identify the relationship perceptions of ranchers against the leadership companion with productivity of livestock in the Society of Al-Awwaliyah , The data used in this study are primary and secondary data. Primary data were obtained from questionnaires which stem from ranchers while secondary data sourced from literature in the form of books and articles. Data processing was performed using Chi-square analysis using SPSS software version 21. One of the factors relating to the productivity of ranchers is the perception of ranchers against the leadership of their companion. Leadership companion views of the nature and behavior of which is owned by a companion. Productivity ranchers indirectly related to the productivity of the cattle business. Characteristics breeder visits of age, years of education, experience ranchers, and businesses in addition to ranchers. The results of data analysis showed that there is a significant relationship between business other than ranchers with ranchers productivity. The relationship between the perception of the nature of the companion breeder with productivity ranchers produce Pearson Chi-Square value is 9.751 and Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) of 0.002. This is due to interest ranchers against leadership qualities possessed by a companion who produce prolific ranchers. Ranchers consider that a companion of his leadership qualities are ideal as a companion.

Hubungan Dinamika Kelompok dan Keberdayaan Peternak dengan Keberhasilan Program Kelompok Peternak Sapi Potong

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 603
Author(s):  
Muhammad Romadhon ◽  
Amiruddin Saleh
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Group Dynamics ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Statistic Analysis ◽  
Group Approach ◽  
The People ◽  
The Government ◽  
People Group ◽  
Cattle Farmer

A group approach having an excess because its scope broader, and in accordance with communal culture of the people. Group dynamics and independency farmers become a yardstick to judge whether the programs the government (the course of development) involving group cattle farmers cut is sustainable or not, so that it can be evaluated for sustainability the next. The purpose of research are (1) analyze group dynamics formed in the group spr mega jaya, (2) analyzed levels of independency of farmers in the farmers spr mega jaya, (3) analyze relations group dynamics and independency of farmers with the success kejar farmers spr mega jaya. Data analysis of analysis descriptive statistics (a frequency, the percentage, on the average), and statistic analysis inferential by test a correlation coefficient rank the spearman. The research results show that group dynamics spr mega jaya tends in category high, and independency of farmers spr mega jaya tends in category enough, while test relations shows that there is a positive connection welfare between group dynamics the cattle farmer and independency of farmers with the success kejar cattle farmers cut. This means that the more dynamic group spr mega jaya and independency of felt farmers high, so the success of the program group farmers who reached the higher.Keywords: group dynamics, independency of groups, sekolah peternakan rakyatABSTRAKPendekatan kelompok memiliki kelebihan karena cakupannya yang lebih luas, dan sesuai dengan budaya masyarakat komunal. Dinamika kelompok dan keberdayaan peternak menjadi tolok ukur untuk menilai apakah program pemerintah (program pembangunan) yang melibatkan kelompok peternak sapi potong bersifat sustainable atau tidak, sehingga dapat dievaluasi untuk keberlanjutan program selanjutnya. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah (1) menganalisis dinamika kelompok yang terbentuk dalam kelompok SPR Mega Jaya, (2) menganalisis tingkat keberdayaan peternak pada kelompok peternak SPR Mega Jaya, (3) menganalisis hubungan dinamika kelompok dan keberdayaan peternak dengan keberhasilan program kelompok peternak SPR Mega Jaya. Analisis data berupa analisis statistik deskriptif (frekuensi, persentase, rata-rata), dan analisis statistik inferensial dengan uji koefisien korelasi rank Spearman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dinamika kelompok SPR Mega Jaya cenderung pada kategori tinggi, dan keberdayaan peternak SPR Mega Jaya cenderung pada kategori cukup, sedangkan uji hubungan menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan positif signifikan antara dinamika kelompok peternak dan keberdayaan peternak dengan keberhasilan program kelompok peternak sapi potong. Hal ini berarti bahwa semakin dinamis kelompok SPR Mega Jaya dan keberdayaan yang dirasakan peternak tinggi, maka keberhasilan program kelompok peternak yang tercapai semakin tinggi.Kata kunci: dinamika kelompok, keberdayaan kelompok, sekolah peternakan rakyat

Pregnant women readiness to use the Internet to access health information about pregnancy and childbirth: A cross-sectional study (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Ahmadian ◽  
Reza Khajouei ◽  
Sudabeh Kamali ◽  
Moghaddameh Mirzaee ◽  
Arefeh Ameri
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Health Information ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
T Test ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Readiness Assessment ◽  
Pregnancy And Childbirth ◽  
Chi Square Test

BACKGROUND Today, the Internet may be a promising tool for interventions for pregnant women. However, these kinds of tools are only helpful if users are ready to use them. OBJECTIVE The present study was conducted with the aim of readiness assessment of pregnant women to use the Internet to access health information about pregnancy and childbirth. METHODS This study was carried out on a sample of 384 pregnant women. Data were collected using a valid and reliable questionnaire. The first section of this questionnaire collected demographic characteristics of the participants. The second part of the questionnaire contains 27 questions covering the following components: infrastructure readiness (6 questions); affordability readiness (3 questions); and skill readiness (12 questions). Data were analyzed with SPSS 19.0 using descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, and T-test. RESULTS This study was carried out on a sample of 384 pregnant women. Data were collected using a valid and reliable questionnaire. The first section of this questionnaire collected demographic characteristics of the participants. The second part of the questionnaire contains 27 questions covering the following components: infrastructure readiness (6 questions); affordability readiness (3 questions); and skill readiness (12 questions). Data were analyzed with SPSS 19.0 using descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, and T-test. CONCLUSIONS The use of the Internet by pregnant women depends on factors such as infrastructure, affordability, and skills readiness. This study showed that speed and the quality of the Internet, hardware and software availability, affordability of the Internet, and access to the Internet training were factors in measuring E-health readiness assessment. CLINICALTRIAL Not applicable

Relationship of Workload and Double Role With Work Fatigue on Batik Craftsmen

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 293
Author(s):  
Herdianti Herdianti ◽  
Tatik Maryana
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Work Load ◽  
Dual Role ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Almost All

<p><em><em>Background: In Batik Mawar, almost all work is done manually using the hands and upper arms on a continuous basis combined with the rigor of work and the use of traditional tools. The work has a heavy workload because all the work process is done by the same craftsman causing fatigue besides that the worker also have double role. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between workload and dual role with feelings of fatigue on craftsmen batik roses.Method: This research is Quantitative research with Cross Sectional research design. The population in this study are all artisans in Batik Mawar. Sampling in this study using total sampling technique with the number of research samples as many as 40 respondents. Data analysis used by Univariat and Bivariat.Result: Result of data analysis using Chi-Square test for work load got value p-Value = 0,001. The result of data analysis using Chi-square test for double role got p-value = 0,031. Thus it is concluded that there is a meaningful relationship between workload and dual role with feeling tired. We recommend that craftsmen wash clothes 2 times a day, cook ready meals, other than together in completing the work at home</em></em></p><p><em><br /></em></p><p><em>Di Batik Mawar, hampir semua pekerjaan dikerjakan secara manual menggunakan tangan dan lengan atas secara berkesinambungan yang dikombinasi dengan ketelitian kerja dan penggunaan alat-alat tradisional. Pekerjaan mempunyai beban kerja yang berat dikarenakan semua proses kerja dilakukan oleh pengrajin yang sama sehingga menimbulkan kelelahan</em><em> disamping itu pekerjanya juga memiliki peran ganda</em><em>.</em><em> Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan beban kerja dan peran ganda dengan perasaan lelah pada pengrajin batik mawar.Metode: </em><em>Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian Kuantitatif dengan desain penelitian Cross Sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua pengrajin di Batik Mawar. Pengambilan sampel pada penelitian ini menggunakan teknik total sampling dengan jumlah sampel penelitian sebanyak 40 responden. Analisis data yang digunakan Univariat dan Bivariat.</em><em>Hasil: </em><em>Hasil analisis data yang menggunakan uji Chi-Square untuk beban kerja didapatkan nilai p-Value = 0,001. Hasil analisis data yang menggunakan uji Chi-square untuk peran ganda didapatkan nilai p-value= 0,031. Dengan demikian  disimpulkan bahwa ada hubungan yang bermakna antara beban kerja dan peran ganda dengan perasaan lelah.Sebaiknya pengrajin mencuci pakaian 2 kali sehari, memasak makanan siap saji, selain itu dengan cara bersama-sama dalam menyelesaikan pekerjaan dirumah.</em><em></em></p><strong><em></em></strong>

Pedigree Data Analysis With Crossover Interference

Genetics ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 164 (4) ◽  
pp. 1561-1566
Author(s):  
Sharon Browning
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Linkage Analysis ◽  
Importance Sampling ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Genotype Data ◽  
Pedigree Data ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Crossover Interference ◽  
Map Construction ◽  
Interference Models

AbstractWe propose a new method for calculating probabilities for pedigree genetic data that incorporates crossover interference using the chi-square models. Applications include relationship inference, genetic map construction, and linkage analysis. The method is based on importance sampling of unobserved inheritance patterns conditional on the observed genotype data and takes advantage of fast algorithms for no-interference models while using reweighting to allow for interference. We show that the method is effective for arbitrarily many markers with small pedigrees.

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