scholarly journals LOW-LOAD RESISTANCE EXERCISE IMPROVES COGNITIVE FUNCTION IN OLDER ADULTS

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Veiga Sardeli ◽  
Marina Lívia Venturini Ferreira ◽  
Lucas do Carmo Santos ◽  
Marília de Souza Rodrigues ◽  
Alfredo Damasceno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Response Time ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Load Resistance ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Results Of Treatment ◽  
Low Load ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Exercise Induced

ABSTRACT Introduction: Resistance exercise (RE) training is widely recommended for increasing muscle strength and mass in older adults. RE is also a potential stimulus to improve cognitive functions (CF), but the best protocol for this purpose is unknown. Objective: To compare the effects of different RE protocols on CF in the same group of individuals. Methods: Twenty-four older adults were randomized (cross over) to control (CON) and lower limb RE protocols with high load (HL - 80% of 1RM), low load (LL - 30% of 1RM) and LL with blood flow restriction (LL-BFR - 30% of 1RM and 50% BFR). For CF assessment, participants underwent the Stroop test before and after each RE protocol. Results: Reduction in response time for Stroop neutral stimuli was greater after LL (effect size (ES) = -0.92) compared to CON (ES = -0.18) and HL (ES = -0.03), but was not different from LL-BFR (ES = -0.24). The reduced response time was associated with reduced parasympathetic modulation and increased cardiac output across protocols. Conclusion: LL was the most effective RE protocol to improve CF of older adults and a potential beneficial effect of LL-BFR on CF (non-significant) was identified. Therefore, LL resistance exercise appears to stimulate acute cognitive improvements in healthy older adults, probably through exercise-induced optimal autonomic modulation changes. Level of Evidence I; Therapeutic studies-Investigating the results of treatment.

The perceptual responses to high-velocity, low-load and low-velocity, high-load resistance exercise in older adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (14) ◽  
pp. 1594-1601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren L. Richardson ◽  
Michael J. Duncan ◽  
Alfonso Jimenez ◽  
Victoria M. Jones ◽  
Paul M. Juris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
High Velocity ◽  
Load Resistance ◽  
High Load ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Low Load

The effects of an acute resistance exercise bout on appetite and energy intake in healthy older adults

Appetite ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 105271
Author(s):  
Kelsie Olivia Johnson ◽  
Nathan Mistry ◽  
Adrian Holliday ◽  
Theocharis Ispoglou
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Exercise Bout ◽  
Healthy Older Adults

scholarly journals Promoting Stair Climbing as an Exercise Routine among Healthy Older Adults Attending a Community-Based Physical Activity Program

Sports ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuko Hongu ◽  
Mieko Shimada ◽  
Rieko Miyake ◽  
Yusuke Nakajima ◽  
Ichirou Nakajima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Stair Climbing ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Exercise Routine ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Leg Muscle

Stair climbing provides a feasible opportunity for increasing physical activity (PA) in daily living. The purpose of this study was to examine the daily walking and stair-climbing steps among healthy older adults (age: 74.0 ± 4.9 years; Body Mass Index (BMI): 22.3 ± 2.5 kg/m2). Participants (34 females and 15 males) attended a weekly 6-month community-based PA program. During the entire program period, daily walking and stair-climbing steps were recorded using a pedometer (Omron, HJA-403C, Kyoto, Japan). Before and after the 6-month program, height, body weight and leg muscle strength were assessed. After the 6-month program, the mean walking and stair-climbing steps in both women and men increased significantly (p ≤ 0.01). Daily stair-climbing steps increased about 36 steps in women and 47 steps in men. At the end of 6 months, only male participants had significant correlation between the number of stair steps and leg muscle strength (r = 0.428, p = 0.037). This study reported that healthy older adults attending the community-based PA program had regular stair-climbing steps during daily living. Promoting stair climbing as an exercise routine was feasible to increase their walking and stair-climbing steps.

scholarly journals Effects of alternating blood flow restricted training and heavy-load resistance training on myofiber morphology and mechanical muscle function

2020 ◽  
Vol 128 (6) ◽  
pp. 1523-1532 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Hansen ◽  
J. Ratzer ◽  
J. L. Nielsen ◽  
C. Suetta ◽  
A. Karlsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Domain Size ◽  
Load Resistance ◽  
Heavy Load ◽  
Low Load ◽  
Fiber Size ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Myonuclear Domain ◽  
First Time

The present data demonstrate that periodically substituting heavy-load resistance training (HL-RT) with low-load blood flow restricted resistance training (BFR-RT) leads to similar gains in type II myofiber CSA and muscle strength as achieved by HL-RT alone. Furthermore, we have for the first time evaluated myonuclear content and myonuclear domain size before and after training intervention across separate fiber size clusters and found no within-cluster changes for these parameters with training.

scholarly journals Low-load resistance training to task failure with and without blood flow restriction: muscular functional and structural adaptations

2020 ◽  
Vol 318 (2) ◽  
pp. R284-R295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Pignanelli ◽  
Heather L. Petrick ◽  
Fatemeh Keyvani ◽  
George J. F. Heigenhauser ◽  
Joe Quadrilatero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Load Resistance ◽  
Muscle Endurance ◽  
Flow Restriction ◽  
Muscle Adaptations ◽  
Low Load ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Adaptations

The application of blood flow restriction (BFR) during resistance exercise is increasingly recognized for its ability to improve rehabilitation and for its effectiveness in increasing muscle hypertrophy and strength among healthy populations. However, direct comparison of the skeletal muscle adaptations to low-load resistance exercise (LL-RE) and low-load BFR resistance exercise (LL-BFR) performed to task failure is lacking. Using a within-subject design, we examined whole muscle group and skeletal muscle adaptations to 6 wk of LL-RE and LL-BFR training to repetition failure. Muscle strength and size outcomes were similar for both types of training, despite ~33% lower total exercise volume (load × repetition) with LL-BFR than LL-RE (28,544 ± 1,771 vs. 18,949 ± 1,541 kg, P = 0.004). After training, only LL-BFR improved the average power output throughout the midportion of a voluntary muscle endurance task. Specifically, LL-BFR training sustained an 18% greater power output from baseline and resulted in a greater change from baseline than LL-RE (19 ± 3 vs. 3 ± 4 W, P = 0.008). This improvement occurred despite histological analysis revealing similar increases in capillary content of type I muscle fibers following LL-RE and LL-BFR training, which was primarily driven by increased capillary contacts (4.53 ± 0.23 before training vs. 5.33 ± 0.27 and 5.17 ± 0.25 after LL-RE and LL-BFR, respectively, both P < 0.05). Moreover, maximally supported mitochondrial respiratory capacity increased only in the LL-RE leg by 30% from baseline ( P = 0.006). Overall, low-load resistance training increased indexes of muscle oxidative capacity and strength, which were not further augmented with the application of BFR. However, performance on a muscle endurance test was improved following BFR training.

scholarly journals Omega-3 supplementation improves isometric strength but not muscle anabolic and catabolic signaling in response to resistance exercise in healthy older adults

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastiaan Dalle ◽  
Evelien Van Roie ◽  
Charlotte Hiroux ◽  
Mathias Vanmunster ◽  
Walter Coudyzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Knee Extensor ◽  
Muscle Volume ◽  
Isometric Strength ◽  
Muscle Quality ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Muscle Inflammation ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Old skeletal muscle exhibits decreased anabolic sensitivity, eventually contributing to muscle wasting. Besides anabolism, also muscle inflammation and catabolism are critical players in regulating the old skeletal muscle’s sensitivity. Omega-3 fatty acids (ω-3) are an interesting candidate to reverse anabolic insensitivity via anabolic actions. Yet, it remains unknown whether ω-3 also attenuates muscle inflammation and catabolism. The present study investigates the effect of ω-3 supplementation on muscle inflammation and metabolism (anabolism/catabolism) upon resistance exercise (RE). Twenty-three older adults (OA) (65-84yr;8♀) were randomized to receive ω-3 (~3g·d -1) or corn oil (PLAC) and engaged in a 12-wk RE program (3x·wk -1). Before and after intervention, muscle volume, strength and systemic inflammation were assessed, and muscle biopsies were analysed for markers of anabolism, catabolism and inflammation. Isometric knee-extensor strength increased in ω-3 (+12.2%), but not in PLAC (-1.4%; pinteraction=0.015), whereas leg press strength improved in both conditions (+27.1%; ptime&lt;0.001). RE, but not ω-3, decreased inflammatory (p65NF-κB) and catabolic (FOXO1, LC3b) markers, and improved muscle quality. Yet, muscle volume remained unaffected by RE and ω-3. Accordingly, muscle anabolism (mTORC1) and plasma CRP remained unchanged by RE and ω-3, whereas serum IL-6 tended to decrease in ω-3 (pinteraction=0.07). These results show that, despite no changes in muscle volume, RE-induced gains in isometric strength can be further enhanced by ω-3. However, ω-3 did not improve RE-induced beneficial catabolic or inflammatory adaptations. Irrespective of muscle volume, gains in strength (primary criterion for sarcopenia) might be explained by changes in muscle quality due to muscle inflammatory or catabolic signaling.

scholarly journals When COVID-19 affects muscle: effects of quarantine in older adults

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Moro ◽  
Antonio Paoli
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Load Resistance ◽  
Preventive Action ◽  
The Past ◽  
Low Load ◽  
Increase Risk ◽  
Risk Of Fall ◽  
And Function ◽  
Negative Health Outcomes

At the beginning of 2020 a respiratory diseased named COVID-19 rapidly spread worldwide. Due to the presence of comorbidities and a greater susceptibility to infections, older adults are the population most affected by this pandemic. An efficient pharmacological treatment for COVID-19 is not ready yet; in the meanwhile, a general quarantine has been initiated as a preventive action against the spread of the disease.  If on one side this countermeasure is slowing the spread of the virus, on the other side is also reducing the amount of physical activity. Sedentariness is associated with numerous negative health outcomes and increase risk of fall, fractures and disabilities in older adults. Models of physical inactivity have been widely studied in the past decades, and most studies agreed that is necessary to implement physical exercise (such as walking, low load resistance or in bed exercise) during periods of disuse to protect muscle mass and function from catabolic crisis. Moreover, older adults have a blunted response to physical rehabilitation, and a combination of intense resistance training and nutrition are necessary to overcome the loss of in skeletal muscle due to disuse.

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