scholarly journals Clinical assessment of acid-base balance in Netherland Dwarf rabbit

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Chapel ◽  
J. L. Benedito ◽  
J. Hernández ◽  
P. Famigli-Bergamini ◽  
C. Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Reference Values ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Biochemical Profiles ◽  
Made In

Abstract Pet rabbits have increased their popularity in a lot of countries. However, most of the laboratory profiles in rabbit medicine come from the observations made in rabbit as biomodels or meat production. So that further researches are necessary to obtain reference values for hematology and biochemical profiles in pet rabbits and the different breeds, especially, in relation to acid-base balance. The aim of this report was to offer the mean values of the main parameters connected with acid-base profile in Netherland Dwarf breed. Thirty-five healthy rabbits (15 males and 20 females) were studied. Venous blood sample from lateral saphenous vein was analyzed to measure: haematocrit, haemoglobin, blood urea nitrogen, glucose, blood pH, partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2), total CO2, ions bicarbonate, chloride, sodium, potassium, base excess and anion Gap. Results showed a shorter range that those reported by different researchers. Moreover, differences between genders were showed in pCO2, its values were higher in males. It may be associated with a greater cellular metabolism. Values obtained in this research should be taken into account by veterinary clinicians for this breed in their clinical assessments. Besides, these values provide new results in parameters with few reference values.

scholarly journals Effects of a new intravenous electrolyte solution for veterinary therapy on the electrolyte and acid-base balances of healthy horses

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 1479-1485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscilla Fajardo Valente Pereira ◽  
José Antonio Bessegatto ◽  
Gabriela de Castro Bregadioli ◽  
Stéfany Lia Oliveira Camilo ◽  
Nathali Adrielli Agassi de Sales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrolyte Solution ◽  
Fluid Therapy ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Isotonic Saline ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Clinical Changes

ABSTRACT: The effects of a new intravenous electrolyte solution for veterinary therapy on electrolyte and acid-base balances of horses were evaluated, assessing the potential of the use of this solution as a rational alternative in fluid therapy. Eight healthy adult horses, including 4 males and 4 females, received two treatments in a cross-over design: isotonic saline solution (IS) and a test solution (TS) containing 145mEq of Na+, 5mEq of K+, 4mEq of Ca++, 2mEq of Mg++, 96mEq of Cl-, 60mEq of lactate, 50g of dextrose, and 4mg of cyanocobalamin per liter. Solutions were IV infused in a volume corresponding to 5% of BW, over 3 hours. Venous blood samples were taken 5 times before and after the infusion (at 0, 3, 6, 9 e 24h), for pHv, pCO2v, HCO3 -v, BEv, Na+, K+, Cl-, Ca++, Ca, P, Mg, glucose and L-lactate measurements, and AG and SID calculations. The data were analyzed through repeated measures ANOVA. The IS caused mild acidifying effect by increasing Cl- and decreasing plasma SID. In contrast, the TS induced mild and transient hypochloremia without changes in acid-base balance. Hyperglycemia was present at the end of the TS infusion and reversed 6 hours later. The horses did not exhibit any clinical changes. We concluded that TS is an option for fluid therapy in horses.

The use of elements of the Stewart model (Strong Ion Approach) for the diagnostics of respiratory acidosis on the basis of the calculation of a value of a modified anion gap (AGm) in brachycephalic dogs

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 217-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Sławuta ◽  
K. Glińska-Suchocka ◽  
A. Cekiera
Keyword(s):  
Reference Values ◽  
Soft Palate ◽  
Respiratory Acidosis ◽  
Anion Gap ◽  
Correction Procedure ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Apparent Lack ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Base Balance

AbstractApart from the HH equation, the acid-base balance of an organism is also described by the Stewart model, which assumes that the proper insight into the ABB of the organism is given by an analysis of: pCO2, the difference of concentrations of strong cations and anions in the blood serum – SID, and the total concentration of nonvolatile weak acids – Acid total. The notion of an anion gap (AG), or the apparent lack of ions, is closely related to the acid-base balance described according to the HH equation. Its value mainly consists of negatively charged proteins, phosphates, and sulphates in blood. In the human medicine, a modified anion gap is used, which, including the concentration of the protein buffer of blood, is, in fact, the combination of the apparent lack of ions derived from the classic model and the Stewart model. In brachycephalic dogs, respiratory acidosis often occurs, which is caused by an overgrowth of the soft palate, making it impossible for a free air flow and causing an increase in pCO2– carbonic acid anhydride The aim of the present paper was an attempt to answer the question whether, in the case of systemic respiratory acidosis, changes in the concentration of buffering ions can also be seen. The study was carried out on 60 adult dogs of boxer breed in which, on the basis of the results of endoscopic examination, a strong overgrowth of the soft palate requiring a surgical correction was found. For each dog, the value of the anion gap before and after the palate correction procedure was calculated according to the following equation: AG = ([Na+mmol/l] + [K+mmol/l]) – ([Cl−mmol/l]+[HCO3−mmol/l]) as well as the value of the modified AG – according to the following equation: AGm= calculated AG + 2.5 × (albuminsr– albuminsd). The values of AG calculated for the dogs before and after the procedure fell within the limits of the reference values and did not differ significantly whereas the values of AGmcalculated for the dogs before and after the procedure differed from each other significantly. Conclusions: 1) On the basis of the values of AGmobtained it should be stated that in spite of finding respiratory acidosis in the examined dogs, changes in ion concentration can also be seen, which, according to the Stewart theory, compensate metabolic ABB disorders 2) In spite of the fact that all the values used for calculation of AGmwere within the limits of reference values, the values of AGmin dogs before and after the soft palate correction procedure differed from each other significantly, which proves high sensitivity and usefulness of the AGmcalculation as a diagnostic method.

scholarly journals DYNAMICS OF THE VENOUS BLOOD ACID-BASE BALANCE AND RELATIONSHIP BLOOD PH VS TUMOR IN LARYNGEAL CANCER PATIENTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A. Kashirin ◽  
O. V. Khorolets ◽  
S. I. Andreev ◽  
A. A. Mikheev
Keyword(s):  
Laryngeal Cancer ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Tumor Ph ◽  
Blood Ph ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Group 2

Abstract The characteristic for most solid tumors cells is the intracellular alkalinization and acidification of the extracellular milieu and this pH gradient inversion (pHe < pHi) is associated with tumor proliferation, invasion, metastasis, aggressiveness, and treatment resistance. However is there tumor pH (pHi and/or pHe) changes affect on venous blood plasma pH? Purpose of the study. The venous blood acid-base balance before and after the combined treatment, correlation of the venous blood pH indicators (pHb), relationship neoplasm and blood pH in patients with laryngeal cancer was study. Material and methods. Studies were performed in patients with laryngeal cancer categories T2–3 N0 M0 before and after the combined treatment. The patients were divided into four groups: Group 1 – 25 patients before the start of treatment; Group 2 – 21 patients (from Group 1) after completion of the combined treatment; Group 3 – 14 patients from Group 2 with positive results of treatment and Group 4 – 7 patients from Group 2 with a negative result of treatment (recurrence and/or metastasis of the neoplasm). The control group consisted of 15 practically healthy people (Group C). Examination of venous blood acid-base balance of patients, tumor pH and tumor cells pHi and pHe was carried. Results and discussion. The increase in pCO2 and HCO – concentration will result in decrease in the pH, but if these indicators have a clear correlation in the control group, then in patients groups there was a correlation for pHb & pCO2 and pO2 only. Besides, we marked increase in pCO2, HCO –, K+, while pO decreased in pHb after the combined treatment. It is necessary to point out the differences between some benchmarks and indicators of acid-base balance in the plasma of venous blood in primary patients and patients with recurrent laryngeal cancer. So, if pHb, pO2, and Cl– patients have statistically significant differences from control data, then differences with control pCO2 values are characteristic only for patients of Groups 1 and 3. On the contrary, differences in the HCO – indices are characteristic only for patients of Group 4. There are statistically significant differences from the control indicators K+, Na+, Ca2+, Glu, Lac, mOsm in patients of the first group and Cl– and Lac of patients in the third group. Among the indicators in the third and fourth groups of patients, statistically significant differences were noted in the values of pHb, HCO – and Glu.In patients of groups 1 and 4, the determination of pHt and the calculation of pHi, pHe revealed decrease in pHt and pHe with increasing pHi in patients with recurrence of the neoplasm.The final stage of the study was to determine the relationship (and not correlation) of blood pH and laryngeal tumors and the relationship was noted in the «pHb-tumor» system in primary patients, but in patients in 3 and 4 Groups, that «pHb-tumor» connection is rather contradictory. Conclusion. Acid-base balance indicators obviously cannot be considered as unconditional markers of carcinogenesis, but their monitoring and, in particular, venous blood pH, of patients after special treatment, can help determine the risk group of patients who may develop of a malignant neoplasm recurrence. Keywords: acid-base balance, laryngeal cancer, se, prognosis.

scholarly journals Comparing the Effects of Pre-loading with Gelatine 4% Plasma Volume Expander and 6% Hydroxyethyl Starch Solution Before Spinal Anaesthesia for Lower Limb Orthopaedic Surgery

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 68-78
Author(s):  
Nur Dyana Md Nizar ◽  
Shamsul Kamalrujan Hassan ◽  
Rhendra Hardy Mohamad Zaini ◽  
Mohamad Hasyizan Hassan ◽  
Wan Mohd Nazaruddin Wan Hassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Spinal Anaesthesia ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Orthopaedic Surgery ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lower Limb Surgery ◽  
Base Balance

Background: Hypotension is a common complication following spinal anaesthesia. The administration of intravenous fluids prior to spinal anaesthesia, known as pre-loading, has been used to offset the hypotension effect; however, the ideal fluid for pre-loading is still a matter of debate. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of Gelaspan 4% and Volulyte 6% as pre-loading fluids. Methods: A total of 93 patients with American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I or II having lower limb orthopaedic surgery under spinal anaesthesia were randomised into two groups that received either Volulyte (n = 47) or Gelaspan (n = 46). Before the spinal anaesthesia, these patients were pre-loaded with 500 mL of the fluid of their respective group. Blood samples were taken before pre-loading and again after spinal anaesthesia and sent for venous blood gas and electrolyte level measurement. Baseline and intraoperative records of systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR) and the requirement of ephedrine to treat hypotension were also recorded. Results: Both fluids could not prevent significant reductions in SBP (P = 0.011), DBP (P = 0.002) and MAP (P = 0.001). There was also significant reduction in HR over time (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in terms of ephedrine usage between both groups. Neither Volulyte 6% nor Gelaspan 4% caused significant changes in acid-base status. Conclusion: The use of 500 mL of either Gelaspan 4% or Volulyte 6% as pre-loading fluids did not significantly prevent the incidence of post-spinal anaesthesia hypotension following orthopaedic lower limb surgery; however, both were useful in the maintenance normal acid-base balance.

scholarly journals The Alkaline Diet and the Warburg Effect

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-39
Author(s):  
Hassan Bahrami ◽  
Ted Greiner
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Warburg Effect ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
The Body ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Partial Pressure ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Blood Ph ◽  
Effect Theory ◽  
Base Balance

The changing diets accompanying our modern life style have increased the content of foods that form acidic metabolic waste residues in the body. Wastes from these metabolic processes are released into the interstitial fluids and the blood, slightly changing their pH temporarily. This link may in turn have an impact on the incidence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). According to Warburg effect theory, an acidic cellular and circulatory environment may cause various specific health problems such as hypoxia and cancer, whereas an oxygen-rich optimum-alkaline environment could retain healthy cells. However, the mechanisms by which the diet may be influential on blood pH-related parameters and on health have remained largely unknown. This paper begins with a detailed presentation of the concepts, issues and the existing evidence regarding alkaline and acid forming diets, and summarizes the three main mechanisms by which the diet influences the acid-base balance in the body. It then presents the findings of a small exploratory study in which one author (HB) followed diets traditionally thought to produce alkaline or acidic residues. After each diet period of one month (with a two-month wash out period), pH, oxygen saturation, and carbon dioxide partial pressure were measured for arterial and for venous blood.   The resulting data indicated that the diets followed changed blood pH-related parameters in the expected directions according to the acid-base theory of health. Increased intake of acid-forming foods resulted in a slightly lower pH level, but a significant reduction of oxygen saturation in the blood, whereas increased consumption of alkaline forming foods maintained the high oxygen saturation in the blood that, according to Warburg effect theory, may, if maintained, reduce the incidence of NCDs. Further cross-over research of this kind is needed, utilizing large samples and testing various dietary modifications.

STUDIES OF ACID BASE EQUILIBRIUM IN PREMATURE INFANTS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1950 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 753-771
Author(s):  
HELEN S. REARDON ◽  
BRUCE D. GRAHAM ◽  
JAMES L. WILSON ◽  
MARY L. BAUMANN ◽  
MAKEPEACE U. TSAO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Tension ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Acid Base Equilibrium ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Total Base ◽  
The Mean

A study of the acid base balance of arterial blood in 92 premature infants, aged 1 to 65 days and 1.1 kg. to 2.3 kg. in weight, has been presented. The temporal artery blood was analyzed for pH, plasma CO2 content, chloride, total protein, total base. Alveolar carbon dioxide tension (pCO2) and "R" were calculated. Acid base analyses on the femoral artery blood of 16 adolescent well boys were used as controls. The study reveals the following salient facts: There is a wide variation in the blood chemical findings between normal, well premature infants. In addition, repeat determinations upon the same infants revealed a more labile blood chemical picture than is found in older infants or adults. No premature infant had all fractions of the acid base balance within the adult normal range. The mean values for pH, CO2 content and protein were reduced in premature infants, while the mean values for total base, chloride, phosphate and "R" were elevated as compared to the values for the adult controls. The mean value for carbon dioxide tension was normal. Sixty-seven per cent of the premature infants had the chemical findings of an uncompensated metabolic acidosis; 13% had a normal pH and CO2 content; 10% had a respiratory acidosis, 7% had a respiratory alkalosis and 3% were unclassified. There was no statistical correlation of acid base values to birth weight or age or weight at the time of chemical sampling. There was no difference of acid base values in infants who had been transfused by blood or plasma and those infants who had never been given blood or plasma transfusions. By clinical examination alone, the nature of the acid base variations could not be anticipated in what we generally consider as well premature infants. There was no correlation between the variations of the acid base disturbance and the prognosis for life in these babies. The fact that most premature infants have an increased hydrogen ion concentration and an unstable acid base balance may be additional reasons why premature babies so easily develop severe acidosis when any stress occurs, whether it is improper feeding, infection, etc. The cause of the acidosis in premature infants has not been established. The theory that premature infants have a partial anaerobic metabolism with a decreased production of carbon dioxide is tenable but not established.

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