scholarly journals Physical properties of safflower grains. Part II: Volumetric shrinkage

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 350-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elton A. S. Martins ◽  
André L. D. Goneli ◽  
Alexandre A. Gonçalves ◽  
Cesar P. Hartmann Filho ◽  
Jerusa Rech ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Linear Shrinkage ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Volumetric Shrinkage ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Forced Air ◽  
Air Circulation

ABSTRACT Agricultural products usually have their size reduced during the drying process. The quantification of the reduction in the dimensions is important for the development and optimization of equipment for the post-harvest of the product. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the variation in the moisture content during drying on the volumetric shrinkage of safflower grains and their respective axes. Safflower grains were harvested with an initial moisture content of approximately 0.445 decimal d.b. (dry basis) and subjected to drying in an oven with forced air circulation at 40 °C, until the grains reached a final moisture content of 0.073 ± 0.008 decimal d.b. During drying, the contraction of the axes, unit volumetric shrinkage and volumetric shrinkage of the mass of safflower grains were determined at different moisture contents. Based on these results, it can be concluded that reducing the moisture content causes a reduction in the axes of safflower grains and, consequently, reductions in the unit volumetric shrinkage and volumetric shrinkage of the mass of approximately 16 and 13%, respectively, and both variables can be represented by the linear shrinkage model.

scholarly journals Forma e tamanho de grãos de soja para diversos teores de água

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 2821
Author(s):  
Wilker Alves Morais ◽  
Osvaldo Resende ◽  
Fernando Nobre Cunha ◽  
Vitor Marques Vidal ◽  
Nelmício Furtado da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Volumetric Shrinkage ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Grain Moisture

Physical properties of soybean grains present differences as a function of cultivars and moisture content, with the correlation between physical properties. This study aimed to determine the characteristics related to the physical properties of grains with different moisture contents of three soybean cultivars. The experimental design was completely randomized design in a 3 × 6 factorial scheme with three replications, consisting of three soybean cultivars (6266 RSF IPRO, BMX Potência RR, and 14403Z6001) and six grain moisture contents (11, 13, 15, 17, 19, and 21% wb). Soybean grains presented an initial moisture content of 11.0, 11.0, and 10.8% wb, respectively for 6266 RSF IPRO, BMX Potência RR, and 14403Z6001. The other moisture contents were obtained by soaking in a BOD chamber maintained at 25 °C and 93% of relative humidity. We assessed volume, roundness, sphericity, surface area, volumetric shrinkage, and volumetric shrinkage rate. The data were submitted to the analysis of variance by the F-test (p < 0.05) and when significant, regression analysis was performed for grain moisture contents and the means of cultivars were compared by the Tukey’s test. Pearson’s correlation analysis was also carried out to represent the linearity between grain physical properties. The cultivar BMX Potência RR obtained the highest results for volume, roundness, sphericity, and surface area. Volume and surface area increased as the moisture content of soybean grains increased; the opposite was observed for roundness and sphericity. A linear increase in volumetric shrinkage was observed as moisture content increased. The values of the correlation coefficients of the linear regression models can be used to describe the relationships between physical properties.

scholarly journals Physical properties of safflower grains. Part I: Geometric and gravimetric characteristics

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 344-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elton A. S. Martins ◽  
André L. D. Goneli ◽  
Cesar P. Hartmann Filho ◽  
Munir Mauad ◽  
Valdiney C. Siqueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
True Density ◽  
Geometrical Characteristics ◽  
Forced Air ◽  
Air Circulation

ABSTRACT Safflower is an oil crop and its oil can be used for food and industrial purposes. However, there is little information about the physical properties of these grains, which is important for the planning and execution of post-harvest stages. Thus, this study was carried out with the aim of evaluating the effect of drying on the main physical properties of safflower grains. Safflower grains were harvested with an initial moisture content of approximately 0.445 decimal d.b. (dry basis) and subjected to drying in an oven with forced air circulation at 40 °C, until the grains reached a final moisture content of 0.073 ± 0.008 decimal d.b. During the drying, bulk density and true density, porosity, thousand-grain mass, circularity, sphericity, projected and surface area, and surface-volume ratio were measured. Based on these results, it is concluded that all gravimetric and geometrical characteristics of safflower grains were reduced due to the reduction of moisture content, except for the surface-volume ratio.

scholarly journals Physical properties of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) grains during convective drying

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 793-798
Author(s):  
Wellytton D. Quequeto ◽  
Valdiney C. Siqueira ◽  
Vanderleia Schoeninger ◽  
Elton A. S. Martins ◽  
Eder P. Isquierdo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Shrinkage Porosity ◽  
Volumetric Shrinkage ◽  
Convective Drying ◽  
True Density ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Forced Air

ABSTRACT Buckwheat is a prominent crop in present-day agriculture due to its nutraceutical properties; however, information on this crop regarding the post-harvest process is scarce, as well as the characterization of its physical properties and such information is essential for the development and improvement of machinery used in post-harvest processes. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the volumetric shrinkage, porosity, bulk density and true density of buckwheat grains throughout the drying process, as well as to fit mathematical models to the experimental values of true and bulk volumetric shrinkages. Buckwheat grains of the cultivar IPR 91 - Baili with an initial moisture content of 0.250 (decimal, dry basis.) were used. The samples used to determine the physical properties were subjected to oven drying with forced air circulation stabilized at 40 ± 1 °C. The mass of the samples was periodically weighed, so that when the product reached predetermined values of moisture content, the samples were removed and their physical properties were determined. It is concluded that the reduction in moisture content during drying causes increase in bulk density, true density and porosity. The reduction of the moisture content influences bulk volumetric shrinkage and true volumetric shrinkage of the grains, causing reductions in their values of approximately 14.47 and 14.70%, respectively, and a linear model can represent both variables satisfactorily.

scholarly journals Determination of physical properties of crambe fruits during drying

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 972-979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas N. Gonçalves ◽  
Osvaldo Resende ◽  
Lílian M. Costa ◽  
Mariana C. Prado
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Volumetric Shrinkage ◽  
True Density ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Intergranular Porosity ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Randomized Design

The Knowledge of the physical properties of agricultural products has great importance for the construction and operation of equipment for drying and storage, to achieve increased efficiency in post-harvest operations. The aim was to determine and analyze the physical properties of crambe fruits during drying at different temperatures. Crambe fruits with an initial moisture content of 0.36 (decimal d.b.) which was reduced by drying at 37.0; 58.8 and 83.5 ºC and relative humidity of 29.4; 11.2 and 3.2%, respectively, to 0.09 ± 1 (decimal d.b.). At different levels of moisture contents (0.36; 0.31; 0.26; 0.21; 0.17; 0.13 and 0.09 decimal d.b.), was evaluated the intergranular porosity, the bulk density, the true density as well as the volumetric shrinkage and the fruit mass. The study was installed by the factorial 3 x 7, and three drying temperatures and seven moisture contents in a randomized design. Data were analyzed using regression. The bulk density and the true density decreases along the drying process; the volumetric shrinkage and the mass increased with lower moisture content and the intergranular porosity decreased sharply with the increasing drying temperature.

scholarly journals CARACTERIZAÇÃO FÍSICA DAS SEMENTES DE FEIJÃO-CAUPI, CULTIVAR BRS GUARIBA, DURANTE O PROCESSO DE SECAGEM

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-296
Author(s):  
Guilherme Cardoso Oba ◽  
André Luís Duarte Goneli ◽  
Elton Aparecido Siqueira Martins ◽  
Cesar Pedro Hartmann filho ◽  
Alexandre Alves Gonçalves
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Cowpea Seeds ◽  
Air Ventilation ◽  
Forced Air ◽  
Superficial Area ◽  
Content Range

CARACTERIZAÇÃO FÍSICA DAS SEMENTES DE FEIJÃO-CAUPI, CULTIVAR BRS GUARIBA, DURANTE O PROCESSO DE SECAGEM   GUILHERME CARDOSO OBA1, ANDRÉ LUÍS DUARTE GONELI2, ELTON APARECIDO SIQUEIRA MARTINS2, CESAR PEDRO HARTMANN FILHO1, ALEXANDRE ALVES GONÇALVES1   1 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia da Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados – UFGD, Rodovia Dourados/Itahum, Km 12 - Unidade II, Cep: 79.804-970, Dourados-MS, Brasil. E-mails: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] 2 Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias da UFGD, Rodovia Dourados/Itahum, Km 12 - Unidade II, Cep: 79.804-970, Dourados-MS, Brasil. E-mails: [email protected]; [email protected]   RESUMO: Os produtos agrícolas podem apresentar alterações significativas em seus caracteres físicos, como tamanho e forma, quando submetidos a condições capazes de modificar seu teor de água. Assim, objetivou-se caracterizar a variação das principais propriedades físicas das sementes de feijão-caupi, cultivar BRS Guariba, durante o processo de secagem. As sementes, colhidas com um teor de água de 0,47 base seca (b.s.), foram secas em estufa de ventilação forçada de ar, a 40 °C, até atingirem 0,11 b.s. Durante a secagem, determinaram-se as seguintes propriedades físicas: volume da massa e unitária, diâmetro geométrico, área projetada e superficial, circularidade, esfericidade, porosidade intergranular e massa específica aparente e real. Avaliou-se ainda, por meio dos volumes determinados, a contração volumétrica da massa e unitária das sementes. Constatou-se que ambas as contrações volumétricas podem ser representadas pelos modelos de Bala e Woods modificado (1984), Corrêa et al. (2004), Exponencial, Polinomial de primeiro e segundo grau e Rahman (1995). O decréscimo do teor de água resulta no aumento da massa específica aparente e na redução das magnitudes das demais propriedades físicas, exceto a circularidade e esfericidade, que sofrem pouca alteração na faixa de teor de água avaliada.   Palavras-Chave: propriedades físicas, teor de água, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.   PHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF COWPEA SEEDS, BRS GUARIBA CULTIVAR, DURING DRYING PROCESS   ABSTRACT: Agricultural products may present significant changes in their physical characteristics, such as size and shape, when subjected to capable conditions to modifying their moisture content. Thus, it was aimed to characterize the variation of the main physical properties of cowpea seeds, BRS Guariba cultivar, during drying process. Seeds, harvested with a moisture content of 0.47 dry basis (d.b.), were dried in forced air ventilation oven, at 40 °C, until they reaching 0.11 d.b. During drying process, the following physical properties were determined: mass and unit volume, geometric diameter, projected and superficial area, circularity, sphericity, intergranular porosity, bulk and true density. Also, mass volumetric shrinkage and seeds unit was evaluated through the determined volumes. It was found that both volumetric shrinkages can be represented by the modified Bala and Woods (1984), Corrêa et al. (2004), Exponential, Polinomial of first and second degree and Rahman (1995) models. The decrease in the moisture content results in the increase of the bulk density and in the reduction of the magnitudes of the other physical properties, except the circularity and sphericity, that undergo little change in the evaluated moisture content range.   Keywords: physical properties, moisture content, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.  

scholarly journals Wood Chip Drying through the Using of a Mobile Rotary Dryer

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelo Del Giudice ◽  
Andrea Acampora ◽  
Enrico Santangelo ◽  
Luigi Pari ◽  
Simone Bergonzoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Black Locust ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Wood Chip ◽  
Wood Chips ◽  
Cocurrent Flow ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Rotary Dryer

Drying is a critical point for the exploitation of biomass for energy production. High moisture content negatively affects the efficiency of power generation in combustion and gasification systems. Different types of dryers are available however; it is known that rotary dryers have low cost of maintenance and consume 15% and 30% less in terms of specific energy. The study analyzed the drying process of woody residues using a new prototype of mobile rotary dryer cocurrent flow. Woodchip of poplar (Populus spp.), black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.), and grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) pruning were dried in a rotary drier. The drying cycle lasted 8 h for poplar, 6 h for black locust, and 6 h for pruning of grapevine. The initial biomass had a moisture content of around 50% for the poplar and around 30% for grapevine and black locust. The study showed that some characteristics of the biomass (e.g., initial moisture content, particle size distribution, bulk density) influence the technical parameters (i.e., airflow temperature, rate, and speed) of the drying process and, hence, the energy demand. At the end of the drying process, 17% of water was removed for poplar wood chips and 31% for grapevine and black locust wood chips. To achieve this, result the three-biomass required 1.61 (poplar), 0.86 (grapevine), and 1.12 MJ kgdry solids−1 (black locust), with an efficiency of thermal drying (η) respectively of 37%, 12%, and 27%. In the future, the results obtained suggest an increase in the efficiency of the thermal insulation of the mobile dryer, and the application of the mobile dryer in a small farm, for the recovery of exhaust gases from thermal power plants.

scholarly journals Cherry Tomato Drying: Sun versus Convective Oven

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Alfeo ◽  
Diego Planeta ◽  
Salvatore Velotto ◽  
Rosa Palmeri ◽  
Aldo Todaro
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Oven Drying ◽  
Sun Drying ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Final Water Content ◽  
Drying Curves ◽  
Drying Conditions

Solar drying and convective oven drying of cherry tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) were compared. The changes in the chemical parameters of tomatoes and principal drying parameters were recorded during the drying process. Drying curves were fitted to several mathematical models, and the effects of air temperature during drying were evaluated by multiple regression analyses, comparing to previously reported models. Models for drying conditions indicated a final water content of 30% (semidry products) and 15% (dry products) was achieved, comparing sun-drying and convective oven drying at three different temperatures. After 26–28 h of sun drying, the tomato tissue had reached a moisture content of 15%. However, less drying time, about 10–11 h, was needed when starting with an initial moisture content of 92%. The tomato tissue had high ORAC and polyphenol content values after convective oven drying at 60 °C. The dried tomato samples had a satisfactory taste, color and antioxidant values.

scholarly journals Mathematical modeling and determination of thermodynamic properties of jabuticaba peel during the drying process

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 576-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristian F. Costa ◽  
Paulo C. Corrêa ◽  
Jaime D. B. Vanegas ◽  
Fernanda M. Baptestini ◽  
Renata C. Campos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Thermodynamic Properties ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Drying Temperature ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Nutritional Qualities ◽  
Forced Air ◽  
Air Circulation ◽  
Best Fit

ABSTRACT Jabuticaba is a fruit native of Brazil and, besides containing many nutritional qualities, it also has a good field for use in products such as flour for cakes and biscuits, juice, liqueur, jelly and others. This study aimed to model the drying kinetics and determine the thermodynamic properties of jabuticaba peel at different drying air temperatures. Ripe fruits of jabuticaba (Myrciaria jaboticaba) were collected and pulped manually. Drying was carried out in a forced-air circulation oven with a flow of 5.6 m s-1 at temperatures of 40, 50, 60 and 70 °C. Six mathematical models commonly used to represent the drying process of agricultural products were fitted to the experimental data. The Arrhenius model was used to represent the drying constant as a function of temperature. The Midilli model showed the best fit to the experimental data of drying. The drying constant increased with the increment in drying temperature and promoted an activation energy of 37.29 kJ mol-1. Enthalpy and Gibbs free energy decreased with the increase in drying temperature, while entropy decreased and was negative.

Stability of Thiamine and Riboflavin During Extrusion Processing of Triticale

1976 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 244-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. BEETNER ◽  
T. TSAO ◽  
A. FREY ◽  
K. LORENZ
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Final Moisture Content ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Extrusion Processing ◽  
Nozzle Size ◽  
The Relationship

Triticale kernels were extruded using a Brabender Plasticorder extruder with ¾-inch rifled barrel and 1:1 flight depth ratio screw. Whole grain samples were extruded at initial moisture contents of 15, 20, and 25%. Debranned samples were extruded at an initial moisture content of 22%. Barrel temperatures of 350, 400, and 450 F and nozzle openings of 1/8 inch and 1/16 inch were used. The products were analyzed for thiamine and riboflavin content. Results were corrected for final moisture content and expressed as fraction retained. A multiple regression was done to determine the relationship between independent and derived variables, and the retention. Riboflavin retention was correlated simply as a function of barrel temperature. Thiamine retention of the debranned material was correlated as a function of nozzle size and barrel temperature. Thiamine retention of the whole grain samples was correlated for nozzle size, first and second order temperature effects, and confounding between nozzle size and temperature.

scholarly journals Impact of Initial Moisture Content on the Drying Process of Wood Exposed to Infrared Radiation

BioResources ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erzsébet Cserta ◽  
Gergely Hegedűs ◽  
Gergely Agócs ◽  
Róbert Németh
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Infrared Radiation ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Drying Process
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document