scholarly journals METHIONINE PLUS CYSTINE TO LYSINE RATIO IN DIETS FOR TAMBAQUI JUVENILES

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 243-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávio Oliveira Souza ◽  
Marcos Antonio Delmondes Bomfim ◽  
Felipe Barbosa Ribeiro ◽  
Eduardo Arruda Teixeira Lanna ◽  
Thalles José Rêgo de Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deposition Rate ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Retention Efficiency ◽  
Protein Deposition ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Body Fat Content ◽  
Quadratic Effects

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to determine the appropriate ratio of methionine plus cystine to lysine in rations for tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) juveniles, with initial weights of 0.28 ± 0.08 g and 0.94 ± 0.33 g. A randomized block design consisting of six treatments, five replicates in two blocks, and 20 fish per replicate was implemented. Six isolisinic (1.45%), isoenergetic, isophosphoric, and isocalcic diets, containing different ratios of methionine plus cystine to digestible lysine (50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, and 75%) were used. Performance and feed efficiency variables, including body composition (moisture, protein, and fat), daily protein deposition rate, daily fat deposition rate, and nitrogen retention efficiency, were evaluated. The specific growth rate and feed conversion presented quadratic effects, with maximum effects from the digestible methionine plus cystine to lysine ratio of 64.4% and 64.8%, respectively. The increase in digestible methionine plus cystine intake resulted in a linear reduction in body fat content with the elevation of the digestible methionine plus cystine to lysine ratio. The digestible methionine plus cystine to lysine ratio recommended in rations for tambaqui fingerlings is 64.8%.

scholarly journals Lysine requirement for tambaqui juveniles

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 2157
Author(s):  
Janayra Cardoso Silva ◽  
Marcos Antonio Delmondes Bomfim ◽  
Eduardo Arruda Teixeira Lanna ◽  
Felipe Barbosa Ribeiro ◽  
Jefferson Costa de Siqueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Juvenile Fish ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Retention Efficiency ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Protein Deposition ◽  
Formulated Diets

The aim of this study was to determine the requirement for lysine in the diet of juvenile tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum). In total, 750 juvenile fish (0.34 ± 0.02g) were distributed in tanks arranged in a randomized block design with six treatments, five replications in two blocks, and 25 fish per unit, for 50 d. Six levels of digestible lysine were tested (1.30, 1.48, 1.66, 1.84, 2.02, and 2.20%), in formulated diets based on the ideal protein concept. The performance, feed efficiency, daily deposition of protein and body fat, and nitrogen retention efficiency of the fish were evaluated. The consumption of rations and protein, specific growth rate, body composition, and deposition of body fat were not influenced by the lysine levels tested. The consumption of digestible lysine increased linearly and the efficiency of digestible lysine for weight gain decreased linearly with the increase in lysine levels. The levels of digestible lysine that optimized weight gain and body protein deposition were estimated at 1.73 and 1.78%, respectively. The feed conversion and nitrogen retention efficiency were most improved at 1.66% and 1.84%, respectively. The recommended level of dietary lysine for providing better weight gain and body protein deposition in juvenile tambaqui is 1.78%, equivalent to 2.00% total lysine.

scholarly journals CRUDE PROTEIN LEVELS IN THE DIETS OF TAMBAQUI, COLOSSOMA MACROPOMUM (CUVIER, 1818), FINGERLINGS

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHARLYAN DE SOUSA LIMA ◽  
MARCOS ANTONIO DELMONDES BOMFIM ◽  
JEFFERSON COSTA DE SIQUEIRA ◽  
FELIPE BARBOSA RIBEIRO ◽  
EDUARDO ARRUDA TEIXEIRA LANNA
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Protein Body ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Retention Efficiency ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Carcass Yield ◽  
Protein Deposition

ABSTRACT: Tambaqui is intensively farmed because of its production characteristics; however, there is a lack of information lacks about the nutritional requirements of this species. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of various crude protein (CP) levels in the diets of tambaqui fingerlings. A total of 750 fingerlings with an initial weight of 0.35 ± 0.09 g were selected in a completely randomized design with six treatments (experimental feeds with 20%, 24%, 28%, 32%, 36%, and 40% CP), five replicates, and 25 fish per experimental unit. Performance, survival rate, carcass yield, body composition, protein deposition, body fat, and nitrogen retention efficiency were evaluated after 45 days. CP levels did not affect the following: feed conversion, survival rate, moisture content, and carcass yield. However, with increasing CP levels, protein efficiency ratio decreased. Weight gain, feed conversion, and specific growth rate improved until CP levels of 31.57%, 28.90%, and 31.12%, respectively, were achieved. Quadratic effects of elevated CP levels on body fat and body fat deposition were observed at minimum CP levels of 26.55% and 23.77%, respectively; and on body protein, body protein deposition, and nitrogen retention efficiency at maximum CP levels of 29.26%, 32.50%, and 27.21%, respectively. We conclude that a CP level of 31.57% is recommended for the diets of tambaqui fingerlings weighing between 0.35 and 15.11 g, which corresponds to a digestible energy:CP ratio of 9.50 kcal DE/g CP.

scholarly journals Digestible threonine requirement in diets for tambatinga (♀Colossoma macropomum x ♂Piaractus brachypomus) fingerlings

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Antonio Delmondes Bomfim ◽  
Rafael Silva Marchão ◽  
Felipe Barbosa Ribeiro ◽  
Jefferson Costa de Siqueira ◽  
Dayana da Conceição da Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
The Body ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Retention Efficiency ◽  
Colossoma Macropomum ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Diet Dilution

ABSTRACT Cross breeding of native fish species is a technique to produce hybrids that can express higher weight gain and feed efficiency compared to the parental species. The digestible threonine requirement in diets for tambatinga fingerlings (Colossoma macropomum ♀ x Piaractus brachypomus ♂) was determined in this study. For this, 700 fingerlings with an average initial weight of 2.39 ±0.02 g and average final weight of 35.96 ±2.03 g were distributed in a completely randomized design consisting of six treatments (0.600, 0.800, 1.000, 1.200, 1.400, and 1.600% digestible threonine) and five replicates per treatment, with 20 fish per experimental unit. Diets were formulated by the “diet dilution” technique using the ideal protein concept. Performance, feed efficiency, body depositions of protein, ash and fat, and nitrogen retention efficiency of the fish were evaluated. The digestible threonine levels that optimized weight gain, specific growth rate, and feed conversion ratio were 1.40, 1.27 and 1.10%, respectively. Body deposition of fat was reduced in a quadratic manner (p<0.01), and the body depositions of protein and ash, together with the efficiency of nitrogen retention, were optimized by the digestible threonine level of 1.20; 1.33, and 0.82%, respectively. The recommended digestible threonine level in the diet for tambatinga fingerlings is 1.20 to 1.40% (0.40 and 0.47% Mcal DE-1) to obtain higher body deposition of protein and weight gain, respectively.

scholarly journals Methionine plus cystine to lysine ratio in diets for tambatinga fingerlings

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dayana da Conceição da Costa ◽  
Marcos Antonio Delmondes Bomfim ◽  
Felipe Barbosa Ribeiro ◽  
Jefferson Costa de Siqueira ◽  
Neliane Galvão Porto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Rapid Weight Gain ◽  
Retention Efficiency ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Protein Deposition ◽  
Amino Acid Requirements ◽  
Amino Acid Methionine

ABSTRACT Among a variety of hybrids produced in Brazil, tambatinga is obtained from the crossing of a tambaqui female with a pirapitinga male. Although rapid weight gain in less time is an attractive characteristic from a commercial viewpoint, the information on its nutritional requirements, especially amino acid requirements, is limited. As corn and soybean meal-based diets available for fish contain deficient levels of essential amino acid methionine, our objective was to determine the digestible methionine plus cystine to lysine ratio in diets for tambatinga fingerlings. We used 900 fish with initial weights varying from 1.49 ±0.59 to 4.14 ±1.70 g, and they were fed six types of diets with different digestible methionine plus cystine to lysine ratios (50, 55, 60, 65, 70, and 75%). Performance parameters such as food efficiency, body depositions of protein, fat, and ash, and nitrogen retention efficiency were evaluated. The increase of digestible methionine plus cystine to lysine ratio in the diet improved quadraticly the feed intake, consumption of digestible methionine plus cystine, weight gain, specific growth rate and feed conversion, protein deposition and body ash and retention efficiency nitrogen until the estimated ratios of 57%, 73%, 58%, 58% and 59%, 59%, 58% and 60%, respectively; and reduced linearly the efficiency of using methionine plus cystine for the weight gain. On the other hand, body fat deposition was not affected. We concluded that the digestible methionine plus cystine: lysine ratio in the rations for tambatinga fingerlings is 59%, for provide better performance and body protein deposition.

scholarly journals Evaluation of different corn textures in dry grain or silage forms for piglets from 7 to 15 kg

2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 1757-1761
Author(s):  
José Vieira Neto ◽  
Vinícius de Souza Cantarelli ◽  
Elias Tadeu Fialho ◽  
Márcio Gilberto Zangeronimo ◽  
Nikolas de Oliveira Amaral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Large White ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Independent Form ◽  
Ensilage Corn

The objective of this study was to evaluate different textures and storage forms of corn in piglet diets. Two experiments were conducted, one of which tested digestibility of nutrients and the other diet performance. In the digestibility trial, 24 crossbred (Landrace X Large White) barrows with an initial weight of 18.7 ± 1.5 kg were used. They were kept in metabolic cages in a randomized block design using the factorial arrangement 2 X 2 (type of corn - dent and flint X type of storage - moist grain silage and dry grain) and six replicates, with one animal as the experimental unit. The values of metabolizable energy (ME) obtained were 3841 kcal of ME/kg of dry matter (DM) from dry corn, 3912 kcal of ME/kg of DM from moist corn, 4022 kcal of DM from ensiled dry corn and 3928 kcal of ME/kg of DM from ensiled humidity corn. The ensilage process increases the digestibility coefficient of dry matter and crude protein and increases the digestible energy of the diets, independent of the process form. The type of corn did not influence these variables. In the performance trial, 60 barrows (initial weight of 6.5 ± 1.5 kg) of the same stock were used during 28 days of post-weaning distributed in the same experimental design, with five replicates and three animals as the experimental unit. The treatments did not influence the daily weigh gain or the daily feed intake. The dentate corn and the ensilage process decreased the feed conversion of the independent form (no significant interaction). The substitution of dry for ensilage corn increased the digestibility of the nutrients in the diets and the feed conversion of the piglets from 7 to 15 kg. Dentate corn promotes best feed conversion in this phase.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Penambahan Mikroenkapsulasi Minyak Kanola Terhadap Performa, Kecernaan Nutrien, dan Profil Asam Lemak Rumen Domba

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 349
Author(s):  
Vishara Sekar Fadhilah ◽  
I Komang Gede Wiryawan ◽  
Sri Suharti
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Canola Oil ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Feeding Diets ◽  
Average Body

ABSTRAK      Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki pengaruh dari pemberian pakan yang mengandung mikroenkapsulasi minyak kanola pada konsumsi, kecernaan nutrien, dan performa pertumbuhan pada domba. Lima belas domba garut jantan dengan rataan bobot badan awal 20.17 ± 4.65 kg digunakan dalam rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) pada periode pemeliharaan selama 100 hari dengan 3 perlakuan dan 5 kelompok sebagai ulangan. Perlakuan yang digunakan adalah P0 (kontrol / hijauan: konsentrat = 60:40), P1 (P0 mengandung 4% minyak kanola), dan P2 (P0 mengandung 4% mikroenkapsulasi minyak kanola). Hasil yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan untuk performa, konsumsi dan kecernaan nutrien. Suplementasi minyak kanola murni maupun terenkapsulasi sebagai sumber energi dalam ransum domba, menghasilkan pertambahan bobot badan harian (PBBH) dan efisiensi penggunaan pakan yang terbaik. Proporsi asam lemak tak jenuh pada perlakuan suplementasi mikroenkapsulasi minyak kanola 8% lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Perlakuan minyak kanola murni meningkatkan (P<0.05) proporsi asam stearat (C18:0) dibandingkan perlakuan lainnya. Sehingga, dapat disimpulkan bahwa suplementasi 4% mikroenkapsulasi minyak kanola di dalam ransum, selaian menghasilkan PBBH dan efisiensi pakan terbaik juga mampu melindungi asam lemak tak jenuh (ALTJ) dari proses biohidrogenasi rumen tanpa mengganggu konsumsi dan kecernaan nutrient ransum.Kata kunci: konsumsi, kecernaan, mikroenkapsulasi, minyak kanola, performaABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of feeding diets with microencapsulation of canola oil on intake, nutrient apparent digestibility, and growth performance of lambs. Fifteen male garut lambs with an initial average body weight of 20.17 ± 4.65 kg were used in a randomized block design (RBD) for a 100-days feeding period with 3 treatments and 5 groups as replication. The treatments were P0 (control/forage:concentrate = 60:40), P1 (P0 contained 4% of canola oil), and P2 (P0 contained 4% of microencapsulated canola oil). The results showed that there was no difference in the growth performance, intake, and digestibility of nutrients. The best of average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency results from the supplementation of pure canola oil or encapsulated canola oil in diets. The proportion of unsaturated fatty acids in the supplementation of microencapsulated canola oil treatment was 8% higher than control. The treatment of canola oil supplementation increased (P<0.05) the proportion of stearic acid (C18:0) compared to other treatments. Thus, it can be concluded that supplementation of 4% of microencapsulated canola oil, besides produced the best of ADG and feed efficiency, was also able to maintain unsaturated fatty acids from the rumen biohydrogenation process without detrimental effects on nutrient intake and digestibility in lambs.    Keywords: canola oil, digestibility, intake, microencapsulation, performance

scholarly journals Substitution of ractopamine by safflower or coconut oil as an additive in finishing pig diets

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Viviane Silva da Costa ◽  
José Aparecido Moreira ◽  
Andreza Lourenço Marinho ◽  
Natália Rocha Silva ◽  
Myllena Emelly de Paiva Carmo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Safflower Oil ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Oil Performance ◽  
Finishing Pig ◽  
Fat Thickness

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to explore the substitution of ractopamine by coconut or safflower oil in finishing pig diets. The study included 24 crossbred barrows weighing 78.00 ± 8.76 kg distributed in a randomized block design with four treatments and six replicates composed of: basal ration (BR), BR + 10 ppm ractopamine, BR + four 1 g capsules of safflower oil, and BR + four 1 g capsules of coconut oil. Performance evaluation showed that safflower oil, ractopamine, and coconut oil supplementation had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on weight gain and feed conversion. Carcass-related variables were also affected by the treatments (P < 0.05), with fat thickness 3 (FT3) reduced by the use of safflower oil, ractopamine, and coconut oil. Rib eye area was positively affected (P < 0.05) by diet, with ractopamine, coconut oil, and safflower oil supplementation treatments showing higher values than control diet treatment. The diets also affected fatty acid profiles (P < 0.05), with decreased myristic acid content in animals supplemented with ractopamine and safflower oil and increased deposition of palmitoleic and oleic acids in animals supplemented with coconut oil and safflower oil, respectively. Results suggested that both safflower oil and coconut oil can be used as substitutes for ractopamine.

scholarly journals Standardized ileal digestible (SID) isoleucine requirement of barrows (15- to 30- kg) fed low crude protein diets

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 3283
Author(s):  
Doglas Batista Lazzeri ◽  
Leandro Dalcin Castilha ◽  
Patrícia Barcellos Costa ◽  
Ricardo Vianna Nunes ◽  
Magali Soares dos Santos Pozza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Protein Deposition ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Protein Diets

This study aimed to determine the SID isoleucine (Ile) requirement of starting barrows fed low crude protein. Two experiments were carried out. Experiment 1: Ten crossbred barrows were used in order to determine the SID AA of the basal diet (treatment with the lowest SID Ile level used in the growth performance experiment), averaging 15.00 ± 0.27 kg of initial weight, individually housed in metabolic cages and allotted in a complete randomized design, with two treatments, five replicates and one animal per experimental unit. Treatments consisted of a basal (14.13% CP and 0.450% of SID Ile) and a free protein diet. Experiment 2: A performance experiment was carried out to determine the SID Ile requirement when using low crude protein diets. Forty crossbred barrows were used, averaging 15.00 ± 0.87 kg of initial weight and distributed in a randomized block design with five treatments (0.450, 0.520, 0.590, 0.660 and 0.730% of SID Ile) and two animals per experimental unit. The average daily gain (ADG) (P=0.049) and protein deposition (P=0.01) were affected by the studied SID Ile levels. The daily need of SID Ile was estimated at 5.9 g when considering 0.61% as the optimum level of SID Ile in the diet for an improved ADG and protein deposition.

scholarly journals Phytate-phosphorus and phytase contents on the relative weight of organs, intestinal morphometry and performance of broilers

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 1858-1864
Author(s):  
Aiane Aparecida da Silva Catalan ◽  
Everton Luis Krabbe ◽  
Valdir Silveira de Avila ◽  
Letícia dos Santos Lopes ◽  
Ana Paula Nunes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Phytate Phosphorus ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Random Block ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Intestinal Morphometry

ABSTRACT: In order to evaluate the efficiency of phytase in diets with low and high phytate phosphorus (PP) 0content, as a consequence of wheat bran inclusion, on the relative weight of organs, intestinal morphometry and performance, three hundred and eighty-four male Cobb500 broilers were housed in metabolic cages. Animals were assigned into four treatments in a 2x2 factorial scheme in a randomized block design with eight replicates of 12 birds each. From 11 days of age birds received experimental diets, which consisted of: Diet low in PP; Diet low in PP with phytase (500FTU kg-1); Diet with a high PP and Diet with a high PP with phytase (500FTU kg-1). At 22 and 32 days of age two birds were slaughtered in order to collect gizzard, heart, liver, cecum, cloacal bursa, and at 32 days, a portion of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum was collected for morphometric evaluation. From 22 to 32 days of age average feed intake, average weight gain, average body weight and feed conversion ratio were also evaluated. Data were subjected to analysis of variance, fixed effects of diet and phytase and interaction between factors as well as the random block effects were tested. There was no significant interaction for the variables studied, concluding that phytase in diets with low or high phytate phosphorus content did not change the relative weight of organs, intestinal morphometrics and performance; only isolated effects were observed.

scholarly journals Environmental enrichment improves the performance and behavior of piglets in the nursery phase

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 415-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.F. Oliveira ◽  
R.T.R.N. Soares ◽  
J.P. Molino ◽  
R.L. Costa ◽  
T.P. Bonaparte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Enrichment ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Wood Shavings ◽  
Pig Farming ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
And Behavior

In modern pig farming, the search for systems that promote environmental quality and welfare is an important issue. In this sense, the present study evaluated the effects of environmental enrichment on the performance and behavior of piglets. In a completely randomized block design, 32 piglets (7.43kg mean weight), weaned at 28 days of age, were distributed into four treatments (control without enrichment, environmental enrichment with wood shavings as bedding; environmental enrichment with hanging toys and environmental enrichment with wood shavings + hanging toys). Four repetitions were performed for each treatment, with two animals per experimental unit. The instant scan sampling technique was used to record the behavior of each piglet for 20h. Animals receiving environmental enrichment with wood shavings + hanging toys were heavier at 70 days (P=0.02), exhibited higher total and daily weight gain (P=0.04 and P=0.02, respectively) and better feed conversion (P=0.02). Environmental enrichment increased the interaction of animals with the environment, allowing them to exhibit natural behaviors.

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