scholarly journals Agronomic characteristics and yield of organic maize straw intercropped with perennial green manures

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina Costa Arantes ◽  
Anastácia Fontanetti ◽  
Marcio Roberto Soares ◽  
Francisco José da Silva Neto ◽  
Alexandre Gonçalves Próspero
Keyword(s):  
Green Manure ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Green Manures ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Agronomic Characteristics ◽  
Maize Growth ◽  
Maize Straw ◽  
Calopogonium Mucunoides

ABSTRACT Maize intercropped with perennial green manure is an option to promote soil coverage, control weeds and recycle soil nutrients, in an organic system. This study aimed at evaluating the agronomic characteristics and yield of grains and organic maize straw intercropped with perennial green manures sown at different maize growth stages. A 3 x 2 + 1 factorial design was used, with three perennial species of green manure - calopogonium (Calopogonium mucunoides Desv.), tropical kudzu [Pueraria phaseoloides (Roxb.) Benth] and perennial soy [Neonotonia wightii (Wight & Arn) Lackey] - and two green manure sowing times - at the maize V4 (four expanded leaves) and VT (bolting) stages - plus a control treatment (maize monoculture). A randomized blocks design, with four replications, was used. Soil coverage, production of green manures dry matter and weeds, and maize growth and production variables were evaluated. The sowing of green manures at the V4 stage had a higher percentage of soil coverage, in relation to the VT stage. Calopogonium, when compared to the other green manure species, had the highest percentage of soil coverage (35.63 %) and dry matter (1.0 Mg ha-1). Perennial green manures grown intercropped with maize did not affect growth, grain yield and maize straw. However, they were not effective in suppressing weeds.

scholarly journals Dead Cover and Agronomic Characteristics of Cowpea

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 175
Author(s):  
Vilson de Souza Rocha ◽  
Ajax de Sousa Ferreira ◽  
Bruna Nogueira Leite ◽  
Carla Coelho Ferreira ◽  
Karla Gabrielle Dutra Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Mucuna Pruriens ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Cowpea Cultivars ◽  
Agronomic Characteristics ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Dead cover, or mulch, consisting of plant residues, plays an important role for the success of diverse agricultural crops, working as an insulating layer protecting the soil from daytime temperature variations and maintaining the soil moist and rich in organic matter. Cowpea is a source of proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals. Its importance in the North, Northeast and Midwest regions of the country is associated with economic and social aspects, since it is an important food for low-income populations, supplying their nutritional needs. This study was carried out under greenhouse conditions in Manaus, state of Amazonas, with the purpose of assessing the effect of different dead covers on the agronomic characteristics of cowpea cultivars. It consisted of a completely randomized design in a 4 × 4 factorial arrangement. The treatments comprised four cowpea cultivars (BRS Caldeirão, BRS Tumucumaque, BRS Guariba and BRS Tracuateua) and three species of cover plants (Brachiaria decumbens, Brachiaria ruziziensis and Mucuna pruriens) and one control treatment, without soil cover, in a total of 16 treatments, with four replications and two plants per experimental unit. Analysis of variance was applied to the data, and the means were compared by the Scott-Knott’s test at 5% probability level. The following characteristics were examined: number of pods per plant, pod length, number of seeds per pod, weight of shoot dry matter, and grain yield. Mulching provided better results for all characteristics assessed in the four cultivars when compared to the control. BRS Caldeirão is the recommended cultivar for the state of Amazonas and the other regions with similar edaphoclimatic characteristics (high air temperature, rainfall, air humidity, and low-fertility tropical soils) because it exhibited the greatest number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, shoot dry matter, and the highest average grain yield (Freire Filho et al., 2011; Souza et al., 2016).

scholarly journals Influence of Green Manuring Crops on Dry Matter Production and Soil Health Improvement

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
IJ Irin ◽  
PK Biswas ◽  
MJ Ullah ◽  
TS Roy ◽  
MA Khan
Keyword(s):  
Green Manure ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutrient Balance ◽  
Health Improvement ◽  
Sesbania Rostrata ◽  
Green Manures ◽  
Green Manuring ◽  
Sesbania Aculeata ◽  
Positive Balance ◽  
The Impact

The field experiment was conducted at the Agronomy farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University to evaluate the impact of different kind of green manures on soil nutrient balance through adding biomass and N,P and K accumulation. Green manuring crops were incorporated after in situ cultivation and results showed that, the biomass incorporation increased the N production in soil. The biomass from Sesbania rostrata, Sesbania aculeata and Crotalaria juncea gave the higher dry matter and nutrient status. Incorporation of Sesbania rostrata and Sesbania aculeata added more organic matter and nitrogen to the soil after green manure incorporation than the prior soil. However, the improved soil quality was recorded with S. rostrata and S. aculeata followed by C. juncea and V. unguiculata incorporation as compared to control (no green manure) and other green manuring crops. The nutrient balance of soil after incorporation of different green manuring crops specially S. rostrata, S. aculeata and C. juncea showed positive balance of nutrients than other green manures. Bangladesh Agron. J. 2019, 22(1): 39-45

scholarly journals BIOMASS PRODUCTION AND NODULATION OF GREEN MANURE LEGUMES IN COCONUT BASINS IN LATERITE SOIL AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON SOIL FERTILITY

CORD ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 9 (01) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
G.V. Thomas ◽  
M.V. Shantaram
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Pueraria Phaseoloides ◽  
Green Manures ◽  
Laterite Soil ◽  
Nitrogen Yield ◽  
Calopogonium Mucunoides ◽  
Macroptilium Atropurpureum ◽  
Major Nutrients

Biomass production, nitrogen yield and nodulation by ten species of green manure legumes were compared in coconut basins in a root (wilt) affected garden under laterite soil type. Pueraria phaseoloides, Calopogonium mucunoides and Mimosa invisa were superior to others and yielded 28.45, 27.21 and 24.97 kg of biomass and 196.2, 186.5 and 187.6 g of nitrogen basin-1, respectively. The performance of Mucuna bracteata Crotalaria juncea and Macroptilium atropurpureum were also better with a biomass production of 16‑21 Kg basin-1 and nitrogen yield of 108‑140 g basin-1. Incorporation of green manures obtained from C. mucunoides, P. phaseoloides and M. invisa resulted in an increase in the level of major nutrients viz. N, P and K in coconut basin soils. Mineralisation of carbon was also greater in green manured coconut basin soils when compared to that in control. The increase in nutrient levels and mineralisation of carbon was more in treated basins at 30 days of incorporation of green manures when compared to the levels before the harvest of the legumes and at 60 days of incorporation.

scholarly journals Potential use of Lupinus exaltatus Zucc. (Leguminosae) as green manure in soils of Jalisco, Mexico

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 825-845
Author(s):  
Juan Zamora Natera ◽  
Isidro Zapata Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Green Manure ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Vegetative Stage ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Litter Bags ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Rapid Decomposition ◽  
Potential Use

The environmental impact generated by agriculture with excessive use of fertilizers has led to the search for alternatives to improve soil fertility. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of Lupinus exaltatus in terms of decomposition and mineralization of nitrogen (N) when incorporated into the soil as green manure (GM) and its effect on the growth of Triticum aestivum L. seedlings. Litter bags were used, with a total of 216 nylon bags (10 × 5 cm), in each bag were placed 5 g dry base of GM in the vegetative stage and flowering. Subsequently, the GM bags were placed separately Vertisol and Regosol soil at a depth of 5 cm; and every three weeks until the end of the incubation, three bags were recovered per treatment. For evaluation of the effect GM on T. aestivum growth experiment was established in pots with soil Regosol, it consisted of incorporating 50 and 34 g dry base of the GM (equivalent to 10 and 15 t.ha-1). The GM in the vegetative stage lost an average of 83,52 % of its initial weight, while in flowering the loss was 76,49 %, the mineralized N was higher in Regosol soil than in Vertisol with 74,02 % and 70,58 % respectively. The wheat seedlings presented 30 % more dry matter and N with GM than the control treatment. L. exaltatus had a rapid decomposition and mineralization of N in the first stages of incubation.

scholarly journals Nitrogen supply to corn from sunn hemp and velvet bean green manures

2009 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 386-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmilson José Ambrosano ◽  
Paulo Cesar Ocheuze Trivelin ◽  
Heitor Cantarella ◽  
Gláucia Maria Bovi Ambrosano ◽  
Eliana Aparecida Schammass ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Green Manure ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Green Manures ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Velvet Bean ◽  
Sunn Hemp ◽  
15N Labeling ◽  
Corn Plants

Due to their nitrogen fixation potential, legumes represent an alternative for supplying nutrients, substituting or complementing mineral fertilization in cropping systems involving green manuring. The objective of this study was to evaluate the N balance in a soil-plant system involving green manures [sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) and velvet bean (Mucuna aterrima Piper & Tracy)], both labeled with 15N. They were incorporated into two soils of contrasting textural classes: a clayey Eutrudox and a sandy-clayey Paleudalf, both cultivated with corn. The research was carried out in a greenhouse, using pots containing 6 kg of air dried soil, to which the equivalent to 13 Mg ha-1 dry matter of above-ground mass plus 2.7 or 2.2 Mg ha-1 of velvet bean and sunn hemp roots were incorporated, respectively, with 15N labeling of either shoots or roots. One hundred days after emergence of the corn, the velvet bean residues provided higher accumulation of N in the soil, higher absorption by corn plants and accumulation in the shoot. The green manure decomposition was more intense in the medium-textured Paleudalf. The highest nitrogen losses were also observed in this soil.

scholarly journals Yield and apparent dry matter and nitrogen balances for muskmelon in a long-term comparison between an organic and a conventional low input cropping system

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michela Farneselli ◽  
Paolo Benincasa ◽  
Umberto Bonciarelli ◽  
Giacomo Tosti ◽  
Francesco Tei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Green Manure ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Crop Management ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Low Input ◽  
Residual N

Nine-year yields and apparent balances of dry matter and nitrogen (N) are reported for muskmelon cultivated in a long-term comparison trial between an organic and a conventional low input system in Central Italy. In every year, yield, above ground biomass and N accumulation of each cash crop, green manure and weeds, and the partitioning between marketable yield and crop residues were determined. Apparent dry matter and nitrogen balances were calculated at the end of each crop cycle by taking into account the amounts of dry matter and <em>ex novo</em> N supplied to the system as green manure legume Ndfa (<em>i.e.</em>, an estimate of N derived from the atmosphere <em>via</em> symbiotic fixation) and fertilisers, and those removed with marketable yield. Differences between systems varied across years. On average, organic muskmelon yielded 16% less than the conventional one, while the fruit quality was similar in the two cropping systems. Fruit ripening began one week later and it was more scaled than in the crop grown conventionally. This was the consequence of a slow initial growth of the organic crop, due to inadequate green manure N total supply or timing of N release. Moreover such a wide spaced crop (0.5 plants m<sup>–2</sup>, in rows 2 m apart) was not efficient in intercepting N released from green manure biomass incorporated broadcast. Compared to the conventional crop management, the organic crop management resulted in much higher organic matter supply to the soil and in higher residual N after harvest. Thus, the choice of cultivating wheat just after melon to prevent postharvest residual N loss appears a key strategy especially in organic systems. Fall-winter green manure crops contributed to the self-sufficiency of the organic system by supplying muskmelon with either N absorbed from the soil or <em>ex novo</em> legume Ndfa.

scholarly journals Quality and yield of yam tubers cultivated with green manure in the Northeastern Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-280
Author(s):  
Marlon Da Silva Garrido ◽  
Ana Cristina Fermino Soares ◽  
Rômulo Simões Cezar Menezes ◽  
Everardo Valadares de Sá Barreto Sampaio ◽  
Erik Micael da Silva Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Green Manure ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Market Quality ◽  
Green Manures ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Sunn Hemp

Yam (Dioscorea cayennensis Lam.) is a promising crop for small growers in the Northeast of Brazil, but productivities are limited due to low fertilization rates. Green manure could be an alternative due to its low cost and high availability. However, there is little information available regarding the effects of green manures on the productivity of yam. The quality and yield of yam tubers, “da costa” variety, were evaluated under application of three different green manures and a control treatment: 1) yam intercropped with sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.); 2) yam intercropped with pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L.); 3) yam intercropped with a combination of sunn hemp and pigeon pea; and 4) conventional yam crop system. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design, with four repetitions. The data was submitted to analysis of variance and averages compared by Tukey´s test at 5%. Percentage values were transformed into arc sen (x/100)0.5. Sunn hemp and the combination of sunn hemp with pigeon pea produced the highest green manure biomasses (3.8 and 3.6 t DM ha-1, respectively) versus 2.1 t ha-1 with the use of only pigeon pea. However, the N concentration was higher in pigeon pea than in sunn hemp (26 and 16 g kg-1). Intercropping with pigeon pea led to the highest yield for total tubers (33.1 t ha-1), for market quality (32.2 t ha-1) and standard exportation quality tubers (23.0 t ha-1).

scholarly journals Weed suppression by green manure in an agroecological system

Revista CERES ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 546-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katia Maria Garicoix Recalde ◽  
Leandro Flávio Carneiro ◽  
Daniella Nogueira Moraes Carneiro ◽  
Guilherme Felisberto ◽  
Jaqueline Silva Nascimento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Green Manure ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Pennisetum Americanum ◽  
Green Manures ◽  
Crotalaria Juncea ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Cassava Crop

ABSTRACT Green manure promotes efficient suppression of weeds, but green manure species can exhibit distinct behaviors, depending on the environmental conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of soil mulching and weed suppression by spring/summer green manure species grown in the spring/summer season, at different growth stages and after management (cut), for 90 days during the cassava crop cycle. The study was carried out in the 2010/2011 season, in a system managed under agroecological principles. The treatments consisted of different green manure species and arrangements: Crotalaria juncea, Cajanus cajan, Canavalia brasiliensis, Canavalia ensiformis, Pennisetum americanum, Crotalaria juncea and Pennisetum americanum intercropped; Mucuna aterrima, Sorghum bicolor, a mixture of all the green manures in study and a control plot under fallow. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with four replications. The evaluations of the soil cover either by the green manures or weeds were performed at 45, 90 and 105 days after the emergence of the green manures. The cassava crop was planted under reduced tillage system at 11 days after the cut of the green manures. The percentage of soil covered by weeds and the dry matter produced were evaluated at 30, 60 and 90 days after planting. The results showed that the green manures had a suppressive effect on weeds during their life cycle, as well as during the first months after its management (cut), composing the mulch.

Decomposition and nitrogen mineralization from green manures intercropped with coffee tree

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Rosileyde Golçalves Siqueira Cardoso ◽  
Adriene Woods Pedrosa ◽  
Mateus Cupertino Rodrigues ◽  
Ricardo Henrique Silva Santos ◽  
Paulo Roberto Cecon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Mineralization ◽  
N Mineralization ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Growth Time ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Green Manures ◽  
Coffee Tree ◽  
Jack Bean ◽  
Hyacinth Bean

The knowledge about the rate of decomposition and nitrogen mineralization of green manures provides synchronization with the higher absorption stage by the coffee tree. The rate of decomposition and nitrogen mineralization varies according to the species of green manure and with the environmental factors. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the decomposition and nitrogen mineralization of two green manures intercropped with coffee trees for three different periods. The experiment was divided into two designs for statistical analysis, one referring to the characterization of plant material (fresh mass, dry matter, dry matter content, nitrogen concentration and accumulation in the jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis) and hyacinth bean (Dolichos lablab) and another to evaluate the rate of decomposition and N mineralization of these species. The decomposition rate decreased in both species as their growth time increased in the field. The decomposition was influenced by the phenology of green manures. Nitrogen mineralization of the jack bean decreased as the growth period in the field increased and was faster than hyacinth bean only when cut at 60 days. The N mineralization was slower than mass decomposition in both species.

Nitrogen Fertilization of Basil

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 481a-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rangappa ◽  
H.L. Bhardwaj
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Sweet Basil ◽  
Broad Leaf ◽  
Yield Difference ◽  
Optimum N Rate ◽  
N Rates

Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) is an important culinary herb in Virginia and other areas. The objective of this study, conducted during 1997, was to determine optimal N rate for fresh and dry matter yield. Seed of Broad Leaf sweet basil were direct-seeded on 18 June in rows 0.75 m apart in a RCBD design with 8 replications. Four N rates (0, 25, 50, and 75 kg N/ha) were used. Calcium nitrate (15.5% N) was used as the fertilizer source. All plants from 1-m row length from middle row of each plot were harvested by hand on 23 Sept. and fresh weights were recorded. The plant material was dried at 70°C for 48 h to record dry weights. The moisture content at harvest was calculated from fresh and dry weights. The fresh yields following 0, 25, 50, and 75 kg N/ha were 3.7, 5.4, 6.4, and 6.8 kg/m2, respectively. The yield difference between two highest N rates was not significant, however, both these rates had significantly higher yield than the two lowest rates. Similar results were also obtained for dry matter yields. The highest N rate of 75 kg N/ha resulted in significantly higher dry matter yield (1.3 kg/m2) as compared to the other three rates. The lowest dry matter yield was obtained after the control treatment (0.6 kg/m2). An opposite relationship between N rate and moisture content was observed when the highest moisture content resulted from control and 50 kg N/ha treatments. These results indicate that optimum N rate for sweet basil in Virginia is 50 to 75 kg/ha.

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