scholarly journals GEOGRAPHICAL EXPANSION OF CANINE VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS IN RIO DE JANEIRO STATE, BRAZIL

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 435-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Amaro da SILVA ◽  
Maria de Fátima MADEIRA ◽  
Fabiano Borges FIGUEIREDO
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Domestic Dog ◽  
Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Public Agencies ◽  
Leishmania Chagasi ◽  
Geographical Expansion ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Janeiro State

SUMMARY Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) is a vector-borne disease that affects humans, and domestic and wild animals. It is caused by the protozoan Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum (syn = Leishmania chagasi). The domestic dog (Canis familiaris) is considered the main reservoir of the etiologic agent of VL in domestic and peridomestic environments. In the past three years, although control actions involving domestic dogs are routinely performed in endemic areas of the Rio de Janeiro State, new cases of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) have been reported in several municipalities. The objective of this short communication was to describe the geographical expansion of CVL in the Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, through its reports in the scientific literature and studies performed by our group. From 2010 to 2013, autochthonous and allochthonous cases of CVL were reported in the municipalities of Mangaratiba, Marica, Niteroi, Barra Mansa, Cachoeiras de Macacu, Volta Redonda, Resende and Rio de Janeiro. These reports demonstrate that CVL is in intense geographical expansion around the state; therefore, a joint effort by public agencies, veterinarians and researchers is needed in order to minimize and/or even prevent the dispersion of this disease.

scholarly journals First autochthonous case of canine visceral leishmaniasis in Volta Redonda, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 424-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monique Paiva de Campos ◽  
Denise Amaro da Silva ◽  
Maria de Fátima Madeira ◽  
Artur Augusto Mendes Velho Júnior ◽  
Fabiano Borges Figueiredo
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Chagasi ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Autochthonous Case ◽  
Canine Diseases

In Brazil, American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL) is caused byLeishmania (Leishmania) chagasi and its main vector isLutzomyia longipalpis. Cases of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) in non-endemic areas have been reported over the last few years throughout the country. The objective of this research note is to describe an autochthonous case of CVL that occurred in the municipality of Volta Redonda, state of Rio de Janeiro, an area where the disease is not endemic, alerting veterinarians and the scientific community to the expansion of this important zoonosis and advising veterinary practitioners on how to deal with a suspicion of CVL. Canine visceral leishmaniasis can be misdiagnosed within a broad spectrum of canine diseases based on clinical and laboratory findings. Therefore, knowledge of its clinical manifestations, specific and sensitive laboratory diagnostic tests and parasitological procedures are of the utmost importance for rapid confirmation and notification of a case, thus contributing directly to the control of a focus.

scholarly journals Leishmaniasp. Amastigotes Identification in Canine Transmissible Venereal Tumor

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinicius Soares Carreira ◽  
Heitor Flávio Ferrari ◽  
Ingeborg Maria Langohr ◽  
Charles Mackenzie ◽  
Luiz Carlos Montezzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Tumor Tissue ◽  
Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Chagasi ◽  
Neoplastic Tissue ◽  
Mixed Breed ◽  
Route Of Transmission ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Male Genital

Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease withLeishmania chagasibeing the etiological agent of canine visceral leishmaniasis in South America. Canine venereal tumor is a transplantable round cell tumor of histiocytic origin which is mostly observed in sexually active male and female intact dogs. It has been shown thatLeishmaniaamastigotes have higher tropism for the canine male genital tract tissues and venereal leishmaniasis transmission has been documented in dogs but, to date, a canine venereal tumor-dependent transmission route has not been fully demonstrated. In this report, a 10-year-old, mixed breed, intact female dog presented a vaginal venereal transmissible tumor but no other clinical abnormalities otherwise. Unexpectedly, tumor tissue imprint smears examination revealedLeishmaniasp. amastigotes within infiltrating macrophages. In addition to the cytological direct identification, the protozoan was confirmed within the neoplastic tissue by means of immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction. This report illustrates an asymptomaticLeishmaniasp. infection that may have started on or from the canine venereal tumor tissue, the latter option further supporting previous evidence of such an alternative vector-independent route of transmission for canine visceral leishmaniasis in areas where these diseases coexist.

scholarly journals Serological survey of cases of canine visceral leishmaniasis and evaluation of phlebotomine fauna on Marambaia Island, municipality of Mangaratiba, Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 247-251
Author(s):  
Livia Aparecida Lopes do Carmo ◽  
Marcos Barbosa de Souza ◽  
Valmir Laurentino da Silva ◽  
Fernanda Nunes Santos ◽  
Adilson Benedito de Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Serological Survey ◽  
Marambaia Island ◽  
Janeiro State

scholarly journals Canine visceral leishmaniasis: study of methods for the detection of IgG in serum and eluate samples

2010 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 193-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiano B. Figueiredo ◽  
Maria F. Madeira ◽  
Lílian D. Nascimento ◽  
Tuanne R. Abrantes ◽  
Eliame Mouta-confort ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Serological Test ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Chagasi ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
One Year

The Brazilian Ministry of Health recommends the culling and euthanasia of dogs with a positive serological test for canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL). In the Municipality of Rio de Janeiro, the technique used for the diagnosis of CVL is the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT), using blood samples eluted on filter paper (eluate). A dog survey was conducted over a period of one year in the region of Carapiá, in order to evaluate the diagnosis of CVL in this region. All animals underwent clinical examination, and blood samples (serum and eluate) were collected for analysis by enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) and IFAT. A skin biopsy was obtained for parasitological examination (culture). A total of 305 animals were studied and Leishmania chagasi was isolated from nine animals. Sensitivity and specificity were 100% and 96.6% for ELISA, respectively, 100% and 65.5% for IFAT (cut-off at a 1:40 dilution), 100% and 83.4% for IFAT (cut-off at a 1:80 dilution), and 22.2% and 97.0% for eluate IFAT. In conclusion, ELISA was the best tool for the diagnosis of CVL among the serological techniques tested. The present results suggest the need for a better evaluation of filter paper IFAT as the only diagnostic method for CVL in the Municipality of Rio de Janeiro.

scholarly journals Canine visceral leishmaniasis in Barra de Guaratiba, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: assessment of risk factors

2003 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Alice A. Cabrera ◽  
Adelzon A. Paula ◽  
Luis Antonio B. Camacho ◽  
Mauro Célio A. Marzochi ◽  
Samanta C. Xavier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽  
Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Chagasi ◽  
The City ◽  
Immunofluorescent Antibody Test ◽  
Predictor Factors

Barra de Guaratiba is a coastal area of the city of Rio de Janeiro where American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL) is endemic. Although control measures including killing of dogs and use of insecticides have been applied at this locality, the canine seroprevalence remains at 25% and during 1995 and 1997 eight autochthonous human cases were notified. In order to evaluate factors related to the increase of the risk for Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi infection in dogs we have screened 365 dogs by anti-Leishmania immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT) and captured sandflies in the domestic and peridomestic environment. Some variables related to the infection were assessed by uni- and multivariate analysis. The distance of the residence from the forest border, its altitude and the presence of the opossum Didelphis marsupialis in the backyard, were found predictor factors for L. (L.) chagasi infection in dogs in Barra de Guaratiba. The presence of Lutzomyia longipalpis in the peridomestic environment indicates the possibility of appearence of new human cases. Our data also suggest the presence of a sylvatic enzootic cycle at this locality.

scholarly journals CANINE VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS CASE INVESTIGATION IN THE JACARE REGION OF NITEROI, RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Codeço de OLIVEIRA ◽  
Fabiano Borges FIGUEIREDO ◽  
Valmir Laurentino SILVA ◽  
Fernanda Nunes SANTOS ◽  
Marcos Barbosa de SOUZA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Parasitological Diagnosis ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Vector Borne

SUMMARY American visceral leishmaniasis is a vector-borne zoonosis in expansion in Brazil. Dogs are the main urban reservoir. Departing from a case of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) in Jacaré, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro State, an epidemiological canine and entomological study was performed to assess the extension of the disease at the location. Sample was collected around the case and the dogs identified by serological tests (rapid double platform immunochromatographic exams, immunoenzymatic assay/ELISA, indirect immunofluorescence/IFAT). The parasitological diagnosis was performed in animals positive in at least one of these tests. The entomological study was carried out by using light traps and manual collection. The associations between canine variables and outcome (ELISA and IFAT reagents) were assessed by the chi-square test and adjusted by multivariate logistic regression for those associations with p < 0.1 in the bivariate analysis. Seventeen cases of CVL were detected among 110 evaluated dogs (prevalence of 15.5%). Presence of ectoparasites (OR 6.5; 95% CI 1.1-37.4), animals with clinical signs (OR 9.5; 95% CI 1.2-76.6), and previous cases of CVL in the same house (OR 17.9; 95% CI 2.2-147.1) were associated with the outcome. Lutzomyia longipalpiswas not detected. Our results are indicative of an ongoing transmission in the area.

scholarly journals Specific Serodiagnosis of Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis Using Leishmania Species Ribosomal Protein Extracts

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 1774-1780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo A. F. Coelho ◽  
Laura Ramírez ◽  
Mariana A. F. Costa ◽  
Vinicio T. S. Coelho ◽  
Vivian T. Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Ribosomal Proteins ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Leishmania Species ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Chagasi ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Potential Tool

ABSTRACT In the present work, we have analyzed the antigenicity of Leishmania species ribosomal proteins (LRPs). To accomplish this, Leishmania infantum ribosomes were biochemically purified from promastigote cytosolic extracts, and their reactivities were analyzed by using the sera from dogs naturally infected with L. infantum. Since antibodies reacting against different ribosomal proteins were observed in all the serum samples obtained from dogs with symptomatic visceral leishmaniasis tested, we have analyzed the potential usefulness of the LRP extracts in the development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the serodiagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) in an area of Brazil where visceral leishmaniasis is endemic due to infection by Leishmania chagasi. A comparative ELISA with crude soluble Leishmania chagasi antigen (SLA) and L. infantum LRPs was performed. LRP- and SLA-based ELISAs gave similar sensitivities for the diagnosis of symptomatic CVL, but the LRP extract provided a very high sensitivity for the detection of oligosymptomatic and asymptomatic dogs. In addition, an LRP-based ELISA showed a higher specificity when the sera from dogs harboring other infections were included in the analysis. The LRP antigen displayed no cross-reactivity with sera from dogs that had any of the other diseases tested, notably, Chagas' disease. Our findings suggest that LRPs are a potential tool for the diagnosis of CVL and will be particularly useful for the diagnosis of asymptomatic CVL.

A recombinant cysteine proteinase from Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi as an antigen for delayed-type hypersensitivity assays and serodiagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis

2009 ◽  
Vol 162 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 32-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Henrique da Costa Pinheiro ◽  
Adriana Nunes Pinheiro ◽  
Josie Haydée Lima Ferreira ◽  
Francisco Assis Lima Costa ◽  
Simone Katz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Cysteine Proteinase ◽  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽  
Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Chagasi

scholarly journals First description of autochthonous canine visceral leishmaniasis in the metropolitan region of Vitória, State of Espírito Santo, Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 754-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco André Loureiro Tonini ◽  
Elenice Moreira Lemos ◽  
Alexandre Barbosa Reis ◽  
Wendel Coura Vital ◽  
Edelberto Santos Dias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Positive Culture ◽  
Human Case ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Chagasi ◽  
Molecular Tests ◽  
Leishmania Spp ◽  
Polymerase Chain

INTRODUCTION: We investigated autochthonous canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) in the metropolitan region of Vitória (MRV), an area in which a human case was previously reported. METHODS: Serological, parasitological, and molecular tests were performed in 201 dogs. RESULTS: Twenty-six (13%) and 12 (6%) dogs were identified as positive using in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and rK39 tests, respectively. Two dogs had a positive culture for Leishmania chagasi, and 4 were polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive for Leishmania spp. One positive dog belonged to the aforementioned patient. CONCLUSIONS: Although the responsible vector was not found, our results provide evidence of autochthonous CVL in the MRV, a non-endemic area for VL.

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