The effect of insertion and photopolymerization techniques on microleakage of Class V cavities: a quantitative evaluation

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate by spectrophotometry the influence of the incremental technique and progressive light curing in the microleakage of Class V cavities. Forty samples were prepared with class V cylindrical cavities on the buccal root surface of bovine incisive teeth and filled with composite resin (Z250). The samples were divided into four groups: I: cavity was bulk filled and the composite was light cured for 40 seconds; Group II: cavity was bulk filled and a "soft-start" polymerization was used; Group III: cavity was filled with the incremental technique in two coats and light cured for 40 seconds; Group IV: cavity was filled with the incremental technique in two coats and light cured with "soft-start" polymerization. After the restoration, the specimens were thermally stressed for 3,000 cycles in bath at 5 ± 2°C and 55 ± 2°C, protected with nail enamel, colored with 2% methylene blue and cut into sections. These sections were triturated and the dye was recovered with PA ethanol and the supernatant was evaluated. The data were submitted to ANOVA and the results showed the following averages: bulk filled and conventional photopolymerization (I) 0.06075 µg/ml; bulk filled and progressive photopolymerization (II) 0.04030 µg/ml; incremental insertion and conventional photopolymerization (III) 0.04648 µg/ml; incremental insertion and progressive photopolymerization (IV) 0.04339 µg/ml. No significant statistic differences were observed among the mean values. The Degulux "soft-start" equipment probably emits too high initial light intensity to promote progressive photopolymerization.

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Evaluation of Fracture Resistance of Mandibular Premolar Canals Filled with Four Different Obturation Techniques- An In vitro Study

JOURNAL FOR CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH ◽

10.7860/jcdr/2021/49240.15162 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shubham Anil Mandhane ◽

Sudha Mattigatti ◽

Vincia Valencio Dsouza ◽

Shraddha Nahar ◽

Urmila Banshbahadur Chauhan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Root Canal ◽

Fracture Resistance ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Fracture Load ◽

Group Iv ◽

P Value ◽

Group Iii ◽

Gutta Percha ◽

The Mean

Introduction: To prevent the ingress of microorganisms and their byproducts into root canal space is the primary goal of obturation. Endodontically treated teeth are weak and more susceptible to fracture than vital teeth. Therefore, to increase the strength of the root canal and increase root fracture resistance by adhesion and mechanically interlocking root canal filling material with radicular dentin is also one of the goal of obturation. Aim: To evaluate and compare the fracture resistance of mandibular premolar canals filled with four different obturation techniques. Materials and Methods: The in vitro study was conducted in Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences (Deemed To Be University), Karad, Maharshtra, India, from August 2020 to December 2020. A total of 100 extracted human mandibular premolars with single canals were collected for the study and sectioned horizontally to obtain a standardised length of 14 mm. With the help of 15 K-file (Dentsply) working length was determined and root canals were prepared to an International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) size 45 file at the apex and flared using a #4 Gates-Glidden drill (Mani, Japan). The teeth were then randomly divided into four experimental groups, Group I-Lateral condensation, Group II-ROEKO GuttaFlow® bioseal, Group III- Guttacore, Group IV-Thermoplasticised gutta percha (System B) and two control groups, they were Group V-(Negative control), instrumentation was done, but no obturation, Group VI-(Positive control), teeth were neither instrumented nor obturated. All the experimental teeth were filled as per the obturation technique. A universal testing machine was used for evaluating fracture resistance. The results were analysed using the One-way ANOVA test. The significance between the groups was tested with Scheffe’s post hoc test. Results: There were statistically significant difference among six group for mean fracture load (N) with p-value <0.001. furthermore, pair wise comparison of fracture load (N) showed that the mean difference is significant at p-value <0.05. The mean difference between Group IV and V was not significant (p-value=0.935) Conclusion: Under the limitation of this study, it was concluded that the resistance of the root to vertical fracture amongst the experimental group was maximum in Group III (Guttacore) and minimum in Group IV (Thermoplasticised gutta-percha, System B).

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COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF THREE DIFFERENT COMPOSITE PLACEMENT TECHNIQUE USING DIFFERENT MODES OF CURING LIGHT ON PRIMARY TEETH: AN IN-VITRO STUDY

International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies ◽

10.32553/ijmbs.v3i8.509 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (8) ◽

Author(s):

Jyoti Sharma ◽

Bhagwat Swaroop Sharma ◽

Dr Updesh Masih ◽

Manisha Upadhyay ◽

Nilotpol Kashyap ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Intensity ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

P Value ◽

Class V ◽

Pulse Delay ◽

Group Iii ◽

Group I ◽

The Mean ◽

Placement Technique

Background: For the past several years, different techniques and materials have been examined to reduce microleakage in class V restorations. Thus both the quantity and quality of polymerization can be improved with proper selection of light curing modes and clinical placement techniques Aim: The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare which is one of the best placement technique and mode of curing to reduce microleakage. Material and method: Class V cavities were prepared in 135 teeth. Teeth were divided into 3 groups of 45 each using three different placement technique with two different composite. Each group was further subdivided into 15 teeth cured by different curing modes. Results: The ‘p’ value of the mean scores of all the groups when cured with high intensity mode is 0.004 (≤0.05) indicating that the results are statistically significant. But the ‘p’ value of the mean scores of all the groups when cured with pulse delay and ramped mode is 0.603 and 2.167(≥0.05) indicating that the results are not statistically significant. The ‘p’ value of the mean scores of group I and group II when cured with different mode is 0.065 and 0.085(≥0.05) indicating that the results are not statistically significant. But the ‘p’ value of the mean scores of the group III when cured with different mode is 0.001(≤0.05) indicating that the results are statistically significant. Conclusion: Split increment horizontal technique showed least microleakage despite of curing modes. Although curing modes did not show statistically significant results but high intensity showed least microleakage. Keywords: composite, G.V Black Classification, polymerization shrinkage, curing modes

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The Effect of Flowable Composite Lining Thickness with Various Curing Techniques on Microleakage in Class II Composite Restorations: An in vitro Study

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1270 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 56-60 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

S Nagalaxmi Reddy ◽

DN Jayashankar ◽

Mohanthomas Nainan

Keyword(s):

In Vitro Study ◽

Class Ii ◽

Group Iv ◽

Group V ◽

Group Iii ◽

Flowable Composite ◽

Composite Restorations ◽

Group I ◽

Composite Lining

ABSTRACT Aim Aim of this study was to compare class II composite restoration using flowable composites as lining with various thickness and curing techniques by evaluating cervical marginal microleakage. Materials and methods Fifty intact molars, each prepared with two box-only class II cavities, were randomly divided into five groups: Group I, P60 filling alone; group II, ultrathin flowable composite lining (0.5-1mm) cocured with overlying composite; group III, thin lining (1-1.5) cocured with overlying composite; group IV, ultrathin lining (0.5-1 mm) precured and group V, thin lining (1-1.5) precured. The teeth were then thermocycled for 1500 cycles (between 5 and 60 °C) and immersed in dye for 24 hours. Cervical microleakage was measured as the extent of dye penetration. Results Cocured specimens (groups II and III) showed least microleakage and control specimens (group I) showed maximum microleakage. On comparison of curing techniques, cocured specimens (groups II and III) showed less microleakage than precured (groups IV and V). On comparison of lining thickness and type of curing, group IV showed less microleakage than group V. Groups II and III were statistically not significant. Conclusion It was concluded from the results that ultrathin cocured flowable composite lining specimens improved the marginal sealing with decreased microleakage. Clinical significance In this study, the application of additional flowable composite lining with various thicknesses presented different influences in marginal quality of class II box only composite restorations. A new technique applying an ultrathin flowable composite lining with cocuring technique improved the marginal sealing with decreased microleakage. Restorations with thin lining presented reduced marginal integrity after thermocycling. How to cite this article Reddy SN, Jayashankar DN, Nainan M, Shivanna V. The Effect of Flowable Composite Lining Thickness with Various Curing Techniques on Microleakage in Class II Composite Restorations: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(1):56-60.

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Inhibition of Demineralization at Restoration Margins of Z100 and Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill in Dentin and Enamel

Bioengineering ◽

10.3390/bioengineering6020036 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 36

Author(s):

Cristina Leon-Pineda ◽

Kevin Donly

Keyword(s):

Light Microscopy ◽

Polarized Light ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

The Other ◽

Solution Ph ◽

Class V ◽

The Mean ◽

Student’S T ◽

Student’S T Test

Recurrent caries is still considered the main reason restorations need to be replaced. There are different materials available now that promise to reduce the possibility of recurrent caries by releasing fluoride and inhibiting restoration marginal caries. The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the demineralization inhibition potential of a non-fluoride-releasing resin (Z100TM 3M, St. Paul, MN, USA) and a glass containing resin-based composite (Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill, Ivoclar/Vivadent AG, Schaan, Liechtenstein), which contains fluoride. Class V preparations were placed on 22 premolars; the gingival margin was below the cementoenamel junction and the occlusal margin was placed above the cemento-enamel junction. Ten teeth were randomly selected to be restored with Z100 while the other 10 were restored with Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill. Both groups were restored following manufacturer’s instructions. All teeth had an acid resistant varnish placed within one millimeter of the preparation margins. Both groups were placed in artificial caries challenge solution (pH 4.4). At the end of the 4 days; 100 µm buccolingual sections were obtained for each tooth; these were photographed under polarized light microscopy and the demineralized areas adjacent to the restorations were measured and quantified. The mean (±S.D.) area (µm2) of demineralization from the occlusal margin (enamel) and dentin margin were: Z100 2781.889 ± 1045.213; 3960.455 ± 705.964 and for Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill 1541.545 ± 1167.027; 3027.600 ± 512.078. Student’s t-test indicated that there was significantly less enamel and dentin demineralization adjacent to Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill compared to Z100; there was significantly less demineralization in enamel compared to dentin in both Tetric EvoCeral Bulk Fill and Z100. Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill performed better inhibiting demineralization at restoration margins when compared to Z100 and provided better demineralization inhibition in enamel than cementum/dentin.

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Comparative Evaluation of Smear Layer Removal Using Four Different Irrigation Techniques: An in-vitro Study

International Healthcare Research Journal ◽

10.26440/ihrj/0302.05.521082 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 80-86

Author(s):

Ajay Chhabra ◽

Apoorva Rana ◽

Nisha Garg ◽

Ruhani Bhatia ◽

Shobit Sethi

Keyword(s):

In Vitro Study ◽

Group Iv ◽

Smear Layer ◽

Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation ◽

Group Iii ◽

Layer Removal ◽

Group I ◽

Individual Comparison ◽

Ultrasonic Irrigation

INTRODUCTION: Irrigation is the vital part of root canal debridement. Usually post biomechanical preparation, the canal walls are covered by smear layer. It is important to remove this layer before obturation for better bond between the filling and walls. Conventional needle irrigation doesn’t give us adequate cleaning, therefore, new irrigation techniques are being tried to facilitate better smear layer removal. AIM: The aim was to evaluate and compare the smear layer removal by PATS, EndoActivator device, Passive ultrasonic irrigation and side vent needle irrigation from canal walls. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 60 extracted mandibular premolars were instrumented up to 35/.04 with Heroshaper files. Samples were divided into 4 groups randomly before final irrigation as follows: Group I (n=15): Irrigation with side vent needles (Nexus ltd.,India), Group II (n=15): Irrigation with EndoActivator (Advanced Endodontics, Santa Barbara, CA ) Group III (n=15): Irrigation with PATS ( InnovationsEndo,India), Group IV (n=15): Irrigation with ultrasonic tips (Mani inc.). Teeth were split and one-half of each tooth was chosen for SEM examination. The images were taken at apical third and scoring was done according to criteria by Torabinejad et al in 2003. Data obtained were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance followed by Mann–Whitney U-test for individual comparison. RESULTS: All irrigating systems remove smear layer but PUI has better cleaning ability as compared to other groups. CONCLUSION: Passive ultrasonic irrigation shows better smear layer removal as compared to other techniques

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In Vitro Study on Bone Heating during Drilling of the Implant Site: Material, Design and Wear of the Surgical Drill

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13081921 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 1921 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Juan Carlos Bernabeu-Mira ◽

Hilario Pellicer-Chover ◽

Miguel Peñarrocha-Diago ◽

David Peñarrocha-Oltra

Keyword(s):

Stainless Steel ◽

Axial Loading ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Material Design ◽

Diamond Like Carbon ◽

Thermal Variation ◽

Mean Values ◽

Carbon Coated ◽

The Mean

Objective: An in vitro study was made to compare mean thermal variation according to the material, design and wear of the surgical drills used during dental implant site preparation. Material and methods: Three study groups (stainless steel drills with straight blades; diamond-like carbon-coated drills with straight blades; and diamond-like carbon-coated drills with twisted blades) were tested to compare material, design and wear of the surgical drill in terms of overall mean values (complete sequence of drills) and specific mean values (each drill separately). The groups comprised four drills: initial, pilot, progressive and final drill. Implant site configuration was performed through an intermittent and gradual drilling technique without irrigation at 800 rpm in standardized synthetic blocks. Maximum axial loading of two kilograms was controlled by an automatic press. Each surgical drill was submitted to 50 drillings and was sterilized every five uses. A thermographic camera analyzed the mean thermal changes. The software-controlled automatic press kept systematic drilling, axial loading and operational speed constant without any human intervention. Student’s t-test, ANOVA and multiple linear regression models were performed. The level of significance was 5% (p = 0.05). Results: The overall mean comparison between the stainless steel and diamond-like carbon-coated materials showed no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05), though specific mean comparison showed statistically significant differences between the drills of the different groups (p < 0.05). The twisted blades exhibited less overall and specific mean thermal variation than straight blades for the progressive and final drills (p < 0.01). In addition, the initial and pilot drills showed a greater mean thermal change than the progressive and final drills. The mean thermal variation was seen to increase during the 50 drillings. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that the drill material did not significantly influence the overall mean thermal variation except for the pilot drill. The drill design affected overall and specific mean thermal variation since the twisted blades heated less than the straight blades. The initial and pilot drills increased the specific mean thermal variation with respect to the progressive and final drills. In addition, all drills in each group produced a gradual increase in mean temperature during the 50 drillings.

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Comparative in vitro study of the cleaning efficacy of AirFloss ultra and I-Prox Sulcus brushes in an orthodontic phantom model

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-81603-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hanna Boes ◽

Sören Brüstle ◽

Gholamreza Danesh ◽

Stefan Zimmer ◽

Mozhgan Bizhang

Keyword(s):

In Vitro Study ◽

White Spot Lesions ◽

Mean Values ◽

Phantom Model ◽

Before And After ◽

Tooth Surfaces ◽

The Mean ◽

Post Hoc ◽

Cleaning Efficacy

AbstractPreventing biofilm-related risks such as gingivitis and white spot lesions during orthodontic treatments is very challenging. The cleaning efficiencies of AirFloss Ultra and I-Prox P sulcus brushes were evaluated using an orthodontic phantom model. After attaching brackets onto black-coated maxillary KaVo teeth, a plaque substitute was applied. The evaluated tooth surfaces were divided into two areas. Cleaning was performed with an AirFloss Ultra with two (A-2) or four (A-4) sprays or an I-Prox P for two (I-2) or four (I-4) seconds. Images before and after cleaning were digitally subtracted, and the percentage of fully cleaned surfaces was determined (Adobe Photoshop CS5, ImageJ). Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA and post hoc tests with Bonferroni correction (SPSS 25, p < 0.05). The mean values of total cleaning efficacy were 26.87% for I-2, 43.73% for I-4, 34.93%, for A-2 and 56.78% for A-4. The efficacy was significantly higher for A-4 than for A-2, I-4, and I-2. There were significant differences between the four groups. Repeated cleaning led to an improved result. Within the study limitations, the AirFloss Ultra with four sprays proved to be more efficient than the sulcus brush I-Prox P for cleaning.

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Surface Hardness of Hybrid Ionomer with Different Curing Time (In Vitro Study)

UI Proceedings on Health and Medicine ◽

10.7454/uiphm.v1i0.32 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

Author(s):

Arfita Sipahutar ◽

Astrid Yudhit ◽

Rusfian Rusfian

Keyword(s):

Standard Deviation ◽

Surface Hardness ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Hardness Test ◽

Curing Time ◽

Mean Values ◽

The Mean ◽

One Way Anova ◽

Group 1

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the surface hardness of hybrid ionomer with different curing times (20, 30, 40, and 50 seconds).Methods: This was an experimental laboratory with posttest only group design. Twenty-four disk shape hybrid ionomer specimens with a diameter of 5 mm and 2 mm in thickness were prepared and polymerized with Quartz Tungsten Halogen (QTH) for 20, 30, 40, and 50 seconds as group 1, 2, 3, and 4 respectively. All samples were immersed in distilled water under 37°C temperature for 24 hours as initial treatment. Surface hardness test was done using Vickers Hardness Test with load 50 gf for 20 second. The Data was analyzed with one way ANOVA (p ≤ 0.05).Results: Using one way anova test (p ≤ 0.05) shows the mean and standard deviation of the group 1 is 25,900 ± 2,5659VHN; group 2 is 29,800 ± 1,1983 VHN; group 3 is 31,283 ± 0,5037 VHN; group 4 is 36, 183 ± 2,3430 VHN and the obtained value p = 0.000 (p ≤ 0.05).The mean values and standard deviation were 25.900 ± 2.5659 VHN; 29.800 ± 1.1983 VHN; 31.283 ±0.5037 VHN; 6.183 ± 2.3430 VHN for group 1, 2, 3, and 4 respectively. Statistic analyzed showed a significant different among groups with p value =0.000 (p < 0.05).Conclusion There are significant differences in surface hardness of hybrid ionomer with different curing time (20, 30,40, and 50 seconds). The longer curing time will increase the surface hardness of hybrid ionomer.

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Comparative Evaluation of Marginal Fit of Three Provisional Restorative Materials in Different Mediums: An In-Vitro Study

International Journal of Research and Review ◽

10.52403/ijrr.20210303 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 9-14

Author(s):

Manju Choudhary

Keyword(s):

Methyl Methacrylate ◽

Room Temperature ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Marginal Adaptation ◽

Polymerization Shrinkage ◽

Mean Values ◽

Group A ◽

The Mean ◽

Group B

Temporaries are used as placeholders before the permanent crowns are installed. If the temporary crown is not fitted properly the tooth can be subject to increased decay and gums can become inflamed causing gingivitis which leads to other more serious problems. A provisional fixed restoration will provide a template for defining tooth contour, esthetics, proximal contacts, ridge contacts and occlusion. Margins made by the indirect technique are considered to be more accurate than those made by the direct technique. The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the marginal accuracy of provisional crowns made from three different biomaterials using the established indirect method in different environments and to evaluate the effect of water absorption on polymerization shrinkage and the effect of polymerization shrinkage occurring in dry storage for a week. Method:Variables used in this study are: a) Revotek LC-light cured composite b) Protemp II c) poly methyl methacrylate. An aluminium master die was machined with dimensions: 5mm length, 10mm gingival diameter, 5 degree taper, and 1mm shoulder then dental stone die was prepared by making an impression of this experimental model using a poly vinyl siloxane material. Both group A and group B consisted of seven specimens each of DPI, ProtempII, Revotek LC. The specimens were evaluated using measuring microscope (Biolux), which had an eyepiece graticule of 1/10th of an mm. The seven specimens in group A (DPI, ProtempII, Revotek LC) were kept in air at room temperature for one week on the dental stone cast and the readings were tabulated and the mean values were obtained. The seven specimens in group B (DPI, ProtempII, and Revotek LC) were kept in water at room temperature for one week and the readings were tabulated in the same manner and the mean values were obtained. Results: Comparative statistics of the mean values of the specimens kept in air at room temperature showed that DPI had the least marginal discrepancies followed by ProtempII, Revotek LC. The values were highly significant (.002) Comparative statistics of the mean values of the specimens kept in water at room temperature showed that DPI had the least marginal discrepancies followed by Revotek LC, ProtempII. The values were highly significant (.009). Conclusion: After one week in air at room temperature and after one week in water at room temperature DPI recorded the minimal marginal discrepancy. When stored in air at room temperature, DPI had the best marginal adaptation. All of the materials showed evidence of continued polymerization shrinkage after storage in air for a week. Water absorption compensated for polymerization shrinkage in DPI and ProtempII whereas Revotek LC was an exception. Keywords: light cured composite, Protemp II-Bis –acryl composite, poly methyl methacrylate, marginal adaptation, provisional restoration.

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A Comparative Evaluation of Microleakage of Glass Ionomer Restoration with Different Surface Protectors - an In-Vitro Study

Dental Journal of Advance Studies ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1671994 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 02 (02) ◽

pp. 105-108 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nupur Ninawe ◽

Ullal Nayak ◽

Priya Nagar ◽

Vishal Khandelwal ◽

Suyash Jain ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Speed ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Restorative Material ◽

Glass Ionomer ◽

Class V ◽

Surface Protection ◽

Group Iii ◽

Group I ◽

Hand Piece

Abstract Aim: All the restorative material whatsoever introduced till-date have an inherent disadvantage of micro-leakage measurable different grades. The present study comparatively evaluates the micro-leakage of glass ionomer restoration with different surface protection methods. Methodology: 36 premolars were obtained without any cracks or restorations for the study. Teeth were stored in distilled water containing thymol crystals till the beginning of the study. The teeth were randomly divided into 3 groups based on surface protectors used. Group I is GC Fuji Varnish, Group II is vaseline and Group III is G-Coat plus along with GIC restoration. Class V cavities were prepared of dimensions mesio-distal width of 3 mm, occluso-gingival length of 2 mm, and a depth of 1.5 mm on buccal and lingual surfaces with a high-speed hand-piece with air-water spray. Results: Kruskal- Wallis test was applied and Vaseline group showed significantly less micro-leakage compared to G-Coat plus i.e. G-Coat plus exhibited significantly higher microleakage compared to other groups. Conclusion: Evaluation of micro-leakage of glass ionomer cements using various surface protecting agents, Vaseline was considered the best surface protecting agent maintaining the water balance and showing no micro-leakage.

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