scholarly journals Hormone replacement therapy affects body composition and leptin differently in obese and non-obese postmenopausal women

1999 ◽  
Vol 163 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Kristensen ◽  
SB Pedersen ◽  
P Vestergaard ◽  
L Mosekilde ◽  
B Richelsen
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Hormone Replacement Therapy ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Obese Subjects

Leptin and oestrogen are both involved in the regulation of adipose tissue deposition and feeding behaviour. We investigated whether 5 years of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) affected serum leptin and body composition differently in 89 postmenopausal women treated with HRT compared with 178 controls. At baseline, leptin was significantly correlated with oestradiol (r=0.13, P<0.05) and in multiple backward regression analysis including oestradiol and any estimate of body fat, oestradiol remained a significant determinant of leptin levels. In the control group, all estimates of body fat determined by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) or anthropometry were increased (3.6-16.9%) and leptin increased 31.3% (16.03+/-1.02 to 20.84+/-1.2 ng/ml (s.e.m.), P<0.001). In the HRT group all estimates of body composition also increased during the 5-year observation but to a lesser extent than observed in the control group (1.0-8.5%). Leptin was raised by 19.7% (17.81+/-1.32 to 20.57+/-1.65 ng/ml, P<0.001). However, the DEXA scans revealed that the control group gained 2.4-fold more fat during the 5-year observation (1.9+/-0.3 vs 0.8+/-0.4 kg, P<0.05), and especially the trunk fat increased (1.4+/-0.2 vs 0.7+/-0.3 kg, P<0.05). This was reflected in the increase in leptin levels, which were increased by 7.4% in the control group compared with the HRT group (4.81+/-0.60 vs 2.76+/-0.87 ng/ml, P<0.05). Adjusting for the difference in adipose tissue revealed that HRT had no independent effect on leptin levels. Comparisons between obese (body mass index>25 kg/m(2)) and non-obese (<25 kg/m(2)) subjects by stratifying for HRT treatment using multiple linear regression revealed that the change in fat mass was significantly less among treated subjects (P=0.038) and especially in the non-obese subjects (P=0.001). The change in trunk fat was similarly correlated with treatment status (P=0.029) and with the degree of obesity (P=0.006). In conclusion, 5 years of HRT treatment significantly reduced fat mass accumulation, especially in the trunk region. This effect of HRT was more pronounced in non-obese as compared with obese subjects. The HRT-induced reduction in fat mass seems not to be mediated by leptin.

Effect of Hormone Replacement Therapy on Ocular Hemodynamics in Postmenopausal Women

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Atílla ◽  
A. Arslanpençe ◽  
F. Batioğlu ◽  
T. Eryilmaz ◽  
S. Aytaç ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Replacement Therapy ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Doppler Ultrasonography ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Medication History ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ocular Hemodynamics ◽  
Flow Velocities

Purpose To evaluate the effect of hormone replacement therapy on ocular hemodynamics in postmenopausal women. Methods Ocular Doppler ultrasonography was performed in 20 postmenopausal women on hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and in 20 women without treatment, as the control group. Central retinal artery (CRA), posterior ciliary artery (PCA) and ophthalmic artery (OA) flow velocities and vascular resistances were measured prospectively by a radiologist blinded to the therapy. There were no associated systemic or ocular diseases or any medication history. Results The mean age of the patients on HRT was 50.05 ± 4.5 yrs (range 44 - 62). The mean age of the control group was 52.8 ± 4.09 yrs (range 46 - 65). The mean duration of HRT was 1.6 ± 1.4 yrs (range 3 months - 5 years). There were no differences between the groups in terms of flow velocities, vascular resistivities or pulsatility indices of OA, CRA and PCA (p>0.05). Conclusions HRT is essential in postmenopausal women for relief of vasomotor symptoms, cardioprotection and prevention of osteoporosis. Even though vaso-occlusive complications of hormone preparations have been reported, we did not observe any changes in ocular hemodynamics detectable with Doppler ultrasonography.

Cocoa-rich chocolate and body composition in postmenopausal women: a randomised clinical trial

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene A. Garcia-Yu ◽  
Luis Garcia-Ortiz ◽  
Manuel A. Gomez-Marcos ◽  
Emiliano Rodriguez-Sanchez ◽  
Cristina Lugones-Sanchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Habitual Diet

Abstract During menopause, women undergo a series of physiological changes that include a redistribution of fat tissue. This study was designed to investigate the effect of adding 10 g of cocoa-rich chocolate to the habitual diet of postmenopausal women daily on body composition. We conducted a 6-month, two-arm randomised, controlled trial. Postmenopausal women (57·2 (sd 3·6) years, n 132) were recruited in primary care clinics. Participants in the control group (CG) did not receive any intervention. Those of the intervention group (IG) received 10 g daily of 99 % cocoa chocolate in addition to their habitual diet for 6 months. This quantity comprises 247 kJ (59 kcal) and 65·4 mg of polyphenols. The primary outcomes were the between-group differences in body composition variables, measured by impendancemetry at the end of the study. The main effect of the intervention showed a favourable reduction in the IG with respect to the CG in body fat mass (–0·63 kg (95 % CI –1·15, –0·11), P = 0·019; Cohen’s d = –0·450) and body fat percentage (–0·79 % (95 % CI –1·31, –0·26), P = 0·004; Cohen’s d = –0·539). A non-significant decrease was also observed in BMI (–0·20 kg/m2 (95 % CI –0·44, 0·03), P = 0·092; Cohen’s d = –0·345). Both the body fat mass and the body fat percentage showed a decrease in the IG for the three body segments analysed (trunk, arms and legs). Daily addition of 10 g of cocoa-rich chocolate to the habitual diet of postmenopausal women reduces their body fat mass and body fat percentage without modifying their weight.

scholarly journals Influence of hormone replacement therapy on eccentric exercise induced myogenic gene expression in postmenopausal women

2009 ◽  
Vol 107 (5) ◽  
pp. 1381-1388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina M. Dieli-Conwright ◽  
Tanya M. Spektor ◽  
Judd C. Rice ◽  
Fred R. Sattler ◽  
E. Todd Schroeder
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Hormone Replacement Therapy ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Eccentric Exercise ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Regulatory Factor ◽  
Myogenic Regulatory Factor

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is used in postmenopausal women to relieve symptoms of menopause and prevent osteoporosis. We sought to evaluate changes in mRNA expression of key myogenic factors in postmenopausal women taking and not taking HRT following a high-intensity eccentric resistance exercise. Fourteen postmenopausal women were studied and included 6 control women not using HRT (59 ± 4 years, 63 ± 17 kg) and 8 women using traditional HRT (59 ± 4 yr, 89 ± 24 kg). Both groups performed 10 sets of 10 maximal eccentric repetitions of single-leg extension on a Cybex dynamometer at 60°/s. Muscle biopsies of the vastus lateralis were obtained from the exercised leg at baseline and 4 h after the exercise bout. Gene expression was determined using RT-PCR for follistatin, forkhead box 3A (FOXO3A), muscle atrophy F-box (MAFbx), muscle ring finger-1 (MuRF-1), myogenic differentiation factor (MyoD), myogenin, myostatin, myogenic factor 5 (Myf5), and muscle regulatory factor 4 (MRF4). At rest, the HRT group expressed higher levels of MyoD, myogenin, Myf5, MRF4, and follistatin ( P < 0.05). In response to eccentric exercise, follistatin, MyoD, myogenin, Myf5, and MRF4 were significantly increased ( P ≤ 0.05) and FOXO3A, MAFbx, MuRF-1, and myostatin were significantly decreased in the control and HRT groups ( P ≤ 0.05). Significantly greater changes in mRNA expression of follistatin, FOXO3A, MAFbx, MuRF-1, MyoD, myogenin, myostatin, Myf5, and MRF4 (p≤0.05) occurred in the HRT group than in the control group after exercise. These data suggest that postmenopausal women using HRT express higher myogenic regulatory factor gene expression, which may reflect an attempt to preserve muscle mass. Furthermore, postmenopausal women using HRT experienced a greater myogenic response to maximal eccentric exercise.

scholarly journals Role of hormone replacement therapy in relieving oral dryness symptoms in postmenopausal women: a case control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Wang ◽  
Lilei Zhu ◽  
Yao Yao ◽  
Yajuan Ren ◽  
Hongcan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Replacement Therapy ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Dry Mouth ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Oral Dryness ◽  
Estradiol Levels ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background To evaluate the efficacy of hormone replacement therapy in relieving oral symptoms in postmenopausal women presenting with genitourinary symptoms along with oral dryness. Methods A case–control study was conducted after selecting 60 postmenopausal women. Oral dryness status of all the patients was evaluated with the help of questionnaire related to oral dryness. These subjects were divided into case group and control group on the basis of response to questionnaire of oral dryness. Unstimulated saliva samples were obtained and analyzed for estimation of salivary estradiol levels by enzyme linked immune sorbent assay technique. After analyzing the result of salivary estradiol levels, case group was subjected to hormone replacement therapy (HRT). The patients were followed up for their response towards oral dryness as well as salivary estradiol levels after the therapy. Results The mean salivary estradiol level before HRT was significantly more among control group as compared to case group (p value < 0.001). Most of the patients complained of dry mouth (26 out of 30); reduced amount of saliva in the mouth (25 out of 30); dry mouth at night (28 out of 30); dry mouth during the day (25 out of 30) before HRT. These complains were significantly reduced after the therapy. The mean salivary estradiol in the case group levels increased significantly after HRT (p value < 0.001). Conclusion The salivary estradiol levels were reduced in post menopausal women with the complain of xerostomia as compared to those without the complain of xerostomia. Further these levels can be recovered with the help of hormone replacement therapy.

scholarly journals Effects of the Hormone Replacement Therapy and of Soy Isoflavones on Bone Resorption in Postmenopause

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delia Tit ◽  
Simona Bungau ◽  
Ciprian Iovan ◽  
Delia Nistor Cseppento ◽  
Laura Endres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Replacement Therapy ◽  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Postmenopausal Osteoporosis ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Soy Isoflavones ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mineral Density

Postmenopausal osteoporosis is the most common form of osteoporosis and one of the major public health problems in developed countries. The prevalence of this condition, associated with the physiological stage of menopause, is continuously increasing. This study evaluated the effectiveness of soy isoflavones as compared to hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in low doses, on the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis, by determining bone mineral density (BMD) and urinary deoxypyridinoline (D-pyr) in physiological postmenopausal women. The study was conducted over a period of 12 months, on three parallel groups, which included a total of 325 postmenopausal women (HRT group: n = 95; phytoestrogens group: n = 124; control group: n = 106). At the one-year evaluation, we observed T-score normalization in a small number of cases (5.26%, 2.42% and 0.00%, respectively). The average values of D-Pyr decreased by 11.38% in the group treated with phytoestrogens (p < 0.05) and by 15.32% in the group that followed HRT (p < 0.05); it increased by 4.38% in the control group (p > 0.05). Both therapies have beneficial effects on bone metabolism, leading to a significant decrease in the evolution of bone resorption and there are no major differences between the efficacy of HRT and phytoestrogens in terms of the effects on BMD and bone resorption.

Enhanced Rate of Resting Energy Expenditure in Women Using Hormone-Replacement Therapy: Preliminary Results

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mylène Aubertin-Leheudre ◽  
Eric D.B. Goulet ◽  
Isabelle J. Dionne
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Hormone Replacement Therapy ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Resting Energy

Hormone-replacement therapy (HRT) attenuates the menopause-associated alterations in body composition. It is not known, however, whether this effect is a result of a concomitant increase in energy expenditure. The authors examined whether women submitted to a long-term HRT treatment presented greater energy expenditure than women who had never used HRT. We compared 13 postmenopausal women using HRT (>1 yr) with 13 age- (±2 yr) and body-mass-index-matched (BMI; ±1.5kg/m2) postmenopausal women not using HRT. Resting energy expenditure (REE; indirect calorimetry), body composition, and daily (DEE) and physical activity (PAEE) energy expenditure (accelerometry) were obtained. Although BMI, fat mass, fat-free mass, DEE, and PAEE were similar between groups, the HRT group displayed a significantly greater REE than the no-HRT group (Δ +222 kcal/day). In conclusion, the authors observed that a long-term treatment with HRT is associated with a greater REE in postmenopausal women. These results need to be confirmed.

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