scholarly journals Multi-breed herd approach to detect breed differences in composition and fatty acid profile of cow milk

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 11-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.L. Manuelian ◽  
M. Penasa ◽  
G. Visentin ◽  
A. Benedet ◽  
M. Cassandro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Breed Differences ◽  
Trans Fa

The objective of the present study was to estimate the effect of breed on milk fatty acid (FA) composition of dairy (Brown Swiss, Holstein-Friesian, and Jersey) and dual-purpose cows (Simmental and Alpine Grey) in multi-breed herds. Information on individual milk samples was collected during routine cow milk testing between 2011 and 2014, and consisted of 285 606 observations from 17 445 cows in 617 herds. Fixed effects included in the mixed model were breed, parity, stage of lactation and the interaction between parity and stage of lactation, and random effects were cow, herd-test-date and residual. Contrast estimates for the studied traits were used to compare specific sets of breeds. Holstein-Friesian produced more milk than the other cattle breeds, with the greatest trans FA and C18:1 and the lowest C18:0 content. Comparison between the specialised dairy vs the dual-purpose breeds highlighted significant differences for all traits except for polyunsaturated FA and trans FA content. Specialised dairy breeds had greater milk saturated FA, short-chain FA, medium-chain FA, C14:0 and C16:0 content, and dual-purpose breeds produced milk with greater content of monounsaturated FA, long-chain FA, C18:0 and C18:1. Results demonstrated that, although specialised dairy produced more milk than dual-purpose breeds, milk FA profile of the latter was more favourable from a human nutrition point of view.

scholarly journals Effects of Breed and Stage of Lactation on Milk Fatty Acid Composition of Italian Goat Breeds

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Currò ◽  
Carmen Manuelian ◽  
Massimo De Marchi ◽  
Salvatore Claps ◽  
Domenico Rufrano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Sensory Quality ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Stage Of Lactation

Fatty acid (FA) profile plays an important role on human health and on sensory quality of dairy products. There is few information about breed influence on milk FA profile of local goat breeds. This study aimed to characterize and compare the milk FA profile of 5 local endangered goat breeds (Garganica, Girgentana, Jonica, Maltese, and Mediterranean Red) and a cosmopolitan breed (Saanen) reared in the same farm during a complete lactation. A total of 252 milk samples were collected monthly from 42 goats (7 goats per breed) and analyzed for gross composition and FA profile. Individual FA was determined using gas-chromatography. Data were analyzed using a mixed model with repeated measures with breed and week of lactation as fixed effects. Results showed that the FA profile was significantly affected by week of lactation and only few FA by breed effect (p < 0.05). Overall, the main differences were found between Saanen and local breeds. This study contributed to the characterization of goat milk FA profile, and it may be of interest for the valorization of milk from local goat breeds which seem to have a healthier profile than milk of the cosmopolitan breed.

scholarly journals Factors associated with the weight of individual primal cuts and their inter-relationship in cattle

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 1593-1605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle M Judge ◽  
Thierry Pabiou ◽  
Stephen Conroy ◽  
Rory Fanning ◽  
Martin Kinsella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Support Tools ◽  
Beef Herd ◽  
Fat Score ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Input parameters for decision support tools are comprised of, amongst others, knowledge of the associated factors and the extent of those associations with the animal-level feature of interest. The objective of the present study was to quantify the association between animal-level factors with primal cut yields in cattle and to understand the extent of the variability in primal cut yields independent carcass weight. The data used consisted of the weight of 14 primal carcass cuts (as well as carcass weight, conformation, and fat score) on up to 54,250 young cattle slaughtered between the years 2013 and 2017. Linear mixed models, with contemporary group of herd-sex-season of slaughter as a random effect, were used to quantify the associations between a range of model fixed effects with each primal cut separately. Fixed effects in the model were dam parity, heterosis coefficient, recombination loss, a covariate per breed representing the proportion of Angus, Belgian Blue, Charolais, Jersey, Hereford, Limousin, Simmental, and Holstein–Friesian and a three-way interaction between whether the animal was born in a dairy or beef herd, sex, and age at slaughter, with or without carcass weight as a covariate in the mixed model. The raw correlations among all cuts were all positive varying from 0.33 (between the bavette and the striploin) to 0.93 (between the topside and knuckle). The partial correlation among cuts, following adjustment for differences in carcass weight, varied from −0.36 to 0.74. Age at slaughter, sex, dam parity, and breed were all associated (P &lt; 0.05) with the primal cut weight. Knowledge of the relationship between the individual primal cuts, and the solutions from the models developed in the study, could prove useful inputs for decision support systems to increase performance.

Influence of intramammary infection and non-infection factors on somatic cell counts in dairy goats

2004 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Luengo ◽  
Antonio Sánchez ◽  
Juan C Corrales ◽  
Carlos Fernández ◽  
Antonio Contreras
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Multiple Birth ◽  
Intramammary Infection ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Lactation Stage ◽  
Test Kit

A total of 1304 goat udder halves were sampled monthly during an entire lactation (6262 samples) with the aim of identifying factors affecting milk somatic cell count (SCC). Bacteriological analyses for identification of mastitis pathogens were carried out on all samples and SCC was also determined. All animals were examined for infection by caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) using a commercial ELISA test kit. Results obtained were arranged in two databases (whole-lactation average half-udder database and monthly half-udder database) and two mixed models were applied. Random effects of half udder nested into flock and fixed effects of flock, intramammary infection (IMI) status, number of kids born, length of lactation and interaction of parity with IMI status were significant for the first database. CAEV infection and its interaction with IMI status was not significant. Milk SCC was significantly increased for infected udder halves and milk from udder halves infected with minor pathogens had lower SCC than udder halves infected with major pathogens. For healthy udder halves, SCC was higher in older animals but this effect was not evident in halves with IMI. Multiple birth and short-duration lactation were factors associated with elevated milk SCC. The second mixed model considered repeated measures in time for consecutive samplings throughout lactation (stage of lactation) which was also a significant factor with increasing stage of lactation. The influence of all these factors should be taken into account in the establishment of more reliable diagnostic SCC thresholds for IMI.

scholarly journals Effects of Feeding Factors and Breed on Cow Milk Fatty Acid Composition: Recent Data

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne FERLAY ◽  
Frédéric GLASSER ◽  
Bruno MARTIN ◽  
Donato ANDUEZA ◽  
Yves CHILLIARD
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Milk Fatty Acid ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Fa Composition ◽  
Trans Fa ◽  
A Minor

Manipulating cow milk fatty acid (FA) is of considerable interest to improve the health of consumers. The main targets include reducing the levels of saturated FA and trans FA in milk and increasing those of cis9-18:1, 18:3n-3, and cis9trans11 isomer of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). The breed has only a minor influence on cow milk FA composition whereas nutrition has major effects. We review recent progress in the effects of nutrition on milk FA composition, namely pasture feeding (phenological stage, botanical diversity, and stocking density) as well as linseed and rapeseed supplementation, in interaction with the nature of forage. Finally, we report the ability of near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) to quantify milk concentrations of the main FA groups and individual FA, opening perspectives for large-scale determination of milk FA composition

scholarly journals Comparison of Fatty Acid Composition of Milk from Simmental and Polish Holstein-Friesian Cows in Different Production Seasons

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 1211-1225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Adamska ◽  
Jarosława Rutkowska ◽  
Wiesław Przybylski
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Fa Composition ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Friesian Cows

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the fatty acid (FA) profile of Simmental cow milk in relation to lipid intake in feeds and their composition, and to compare it with FA composition of milk from cows of Polish Holstein-Friesian (PHF) breed. To this end, 104 milk samples were collected from Simmental cows and 52 milk samples derived from PHF breed were taken over a 2-year period. The season significantly influenced both contents of lipid, dry matter and crude protein as well as FA content in lipids extracted from forages. Winter and autumn seasons were characterized by a significantly higher intake of lipids with forages resulting from the intake of fresh silages, compared with the other seasons when the animals were fed stored silages. This was reflected in the highest content of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) c-9 t-11 C18:2 in milk from the autumn season. Compared with PHF, milk from Simmentals had a higher content of short-chain saturated FAs (SCSFAs) and was characterized by great differences in FA contents determined in the group of odd- and branched-chain FAs (OBCFAs). Milk from Simmental cows had the butyric acid C4:0 and iso C15:0 content of 4.99 and 1.20 g/100 g FA on average, respectively, which have been associated with benefits for human health.

scholarly journals Summer Pasture in Mountainous Area Affects Milk Fatty Acid Profile of Dual-Purpose Cows

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 928
Author(s):  
Giovanni Niero ◽  
Tania Bobbo ◽  
Simone Callegaro ◽  
Giulio Visentin ◽  
Cristina Pornaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Mountainous Area ◽  
Milk Fatty Acids ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Summer Grazing

The change in feeding regime of dairy herds using summer grazing in mountainous areas has several implications on cows’ productivity and milk composition. The present study quantified the effect of summer grazing on the milk fatty acids (FA) profile of Simmental and crossbred cows in an alpine holding. A total of 616 milk samples of 71 cows were collected 3 days before the onset of the grazing season until 91 days of grazing. Individual and groups of FA were quantified through mid-infrared spectroscopy. Data were analysed using a linear mixed model including the fixed effects of breed, stage of lactation, parity, sampling period, and the random effects of cows nested within breed and the residual. The stage of lactation and the sampling period were the most significant factors associated with milk FA. The variance explained by the random cow effect ranged from 15.10% (C18:1) to 25.31% (medium-chain FA). The concentration of C14:0, C16:0, and short- and medium-chain FA decreased across the summer season. Long-chain FA and polyunsaturated FA concentrations were greater in milk obtained at pasture compared with milk obtained indoors. Given these outcomes, the present study demonstrated the positive effect of grazing on milk FA composition from a nutraceutical point of view.

HERITABILITY OF NONRETURN RATE OF CANADIAN HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN BULLS

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. B. MURRAY ◽  
L. R. SCHAEFFER ◽  
E. B. BURNSIDE
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Variance Components ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Best Linear Unbiased ◽  
Dairy Bulls ◽  
One Year

Conception rates of Canadian Holstein-Friesian bulls in artificial insemination were recorded as percent 60- to 90-day nonreturns to first service. A total of 5, 923, 974 first services to 784 bulls by 207 sires were analyzed using a mixed model which included age of bull (1–14 yr), years (1956–1976), months and AI units as fixed effects. Bulls and sires of bulls were random. Significant differences were found in all classifications involving fixed effects. Nonreturn rates at one year of age were highest and significantly different from nonreturn rates at 9 yr of age and older. Lowest estimates of nonreturn rates were in January and December, and highest were in September and October. Differences were found among some AI units. Best linear unbiased predictions of differences among all service sires were obtained. Variance components were estimated iteratively by maximum likelihood. Heritability was 0.25 by regression of sire on son with 30 sires having four or more sons. Repeatability was 0.41. Many factors affecting nonreturn rates could not be identified, especially at the cow or herd level. Sire selection programs in AI units for high nonreturn rates in sires of young bulls should be successful. Key words: Fertility, dairy bulls, heritability

279 Evaluation of Green Grass Inclusion on Digestibility and Fatty Acid Flow in Finishing Diets of Beef Cattle

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 129-130
Author(s):  
Aksel Wiseman ◽  
Tyler Spore ◽  
Mitch Norman ◽  
Hannah Wilson ◽  
James C MacDonald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Giant Kelp ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Finishing Diets ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Trans Fa

Abstract Six ruminally and duodenally cannulated steers were utilized in a 3 × 3 replicated Latin square experiment to determine duodenal fatty acid (FA) flow. Treatments consisted of 3 levels of Green Grass (GG, Sunseo Omega 3; Chungcheong Duk-Do, South Korea), a feed comprised of sesame meal, giant kelp, cassava, and sorghum, at 0, 15, and 30% of diet DM. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS with treatment and period as fixed effects and animal as a random effect. There were no differences in DMI, organic matter (OM) intake, total tract DM or OM digestibility (P ≥ 0.16). Intake of NDF and ADF increased linearly (P &lt; 0.01) from 0 to 30% GG inclusion. Total tract digestibility of NDF was the poorest (P ≤ 0.02) for GG0 with no differences between GG30 and GG15 (P = 0.33). Total tract ADF digestibility was poorest for GG30 (P &lt; 0.01) while GG0 and GG15 were not different (P = 0.17). Fatty Acid values were reported as relative abundance of the total FA present in duodenal samples. The lowest (P &lt; 0.01) concentration of saturated FA was GG30 (70.3%) while GG0 and GG15 were not different (P = 0.83; 78.2%). The concentration of unsaturated, mono-unsaturated, poly-unsaturated, and trans FA responded quadratically (P &lt; 0.01) with no difference between GG0 and GG15 and increasing to GG30. Omega-6 FA tended to decrease linearly (P = 0.06) from 0 to 30% GG inclusion (4.91 and 3.85 g/d, respectively). Omega-3 FA increased linearly (P &lt; 0.01) from 0 to 30% GG inclusion (1.84 and 10.78 g/d, respectively). These data suggest increasing inclusion of GG up to 30% of diet DM does not affect DM or OM digestibility. Greater inclusions of GG resulted in more unsaturated and omega-3 FA concentrations in the duodenum.

scholarly journals Little Difference in Milk Fatty Acid and Terpene Composition Among Three Contrasting Dairy Breeds When Grazing a Biodiverse Mountain Pasture

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madeline Koczura ◽  
Bruno Martin ◽  
Marilena Musci ◽  
Martina Di Massimo ◽  
Matthieu Bouchon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Milk Quality ◽  
Milk Fatty Acid ◽  
Complex Environments ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Grazing Behavior ◽  
Mountain Pasture ◽  
Ruminal Biohydrogenation

In the mountains, autochthonous and robust breeds are often used to valorize biodiverse grasslands. Along with their lower nutrient requirements, compared to specialized dairy breeds, they are expected to be better adapted to complex environments and valorize grasslands into dairy products of high quality. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the grazing selection of three contrasting dairy breeds on a biodiverse mountain pasture, and its consequences on milk fatty acid (FA) profile and prevalence of individual terpenes. A dual-purpose breed from the Italian Alps, the Valdostana Red Pied (Va), was compared to Montbéliardes (Mo), more specialized in milk production, and the highly specialized Holsteins (Ho). Diet selection was measured by scan-sampling, calculating selectivity indexes, and collecting simulated bites during two consecutive days in June (end of first grazing cycle) and July (second grazing cycle). Milk samples were collected at each milking during these experimental periods. Yield of milk and its fat and protein contents were measured. Milk FA and terpenes were analyzed by gas chromatographic methods. We tested the effects of breed, period and their interaction in a repeated mixed model, and calculated Pearson's correlations between behavioral data and milk FA as well as terpenes. The Va grazed less mature vegetation than Ho, but this difference was not sufficient to lead to a major breed effect on milk FA profile and prevalence of terpenes. However, the proportion of α-linolenic acid (C18:3 n-3) was always higher in the milk fat of Va than Ho (Mo were intermediary), but this without any correlation to grazing selection. This could be a consequence from a different metabolism concerning ruminal biohydrogenation, but must be further investigated. Finally, we confirmed previous studies that highlighted a link between milk quality and cows' grazing behavior, but here without differences among breeds. All cows adapted their behavior to the herbage evolution during the season, leading to higher proportions of unsaturated FA in July than June milks. Our study suggests that under mountain grazing conditions (biodiverse pasture and cows in late lactation), milk quality depends more on herbage composition than on cow breed.

scholarly journals Relationship between milk yield, stage of lactation, and some blood serum metabolic parameters of dairy cows

2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 353-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Jóźwik ◽  
N. Strzałkowska ◽  
E. Bagnicka ◽  
W. Grzybek ◽  
J. Krzyżewski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Oxidative Processes

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of milk yield and stage of lactation on the activity of liver enzymes, cholesterol, and vitamin C concentration in blood of milking cows. The experiment was carried out on Polish Holstein-Friesian Black and White dairy cows with two different milk yield levels: M &ndash; medium (about 7000 kg per lactation) and H &ndash; high (about 10 000 kg per lactation). In blood serum, AST, ALT, GGT, CHOL, and vitamin C were estimated. The AST and ALT activities in the blood serum were lower in M group than in H group, however within M and H groups there were no differences in both aminotransferases activity between the 60<sup>th</sup> and the 200<sup>th</sup> day of lactation. Differences in GGT activity (P&nbsp;&le;&nbsp;0.01), CHOL (P &le; 0.05), and vitamin C level (P &le; 0.01) in blood serum were found between both stages of lactation. Negative correlations between vitamin C level with somatic cell count and milk yield traits were observed, that may indicate an increase in oxidative processes in high-yielding dairy cows. The achieved results may be used in diagnostics and/or evaluation of herds from the point of view of biochemical and pathophysiological processes. &nbsp;

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