scholarly journals Congenital hydrocephalus in three sheep: Clinical, electroencephalographic and pathological features

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Masucci ◽  
MT Capucchio ◽  
R Buttitta ◽  
E Colombino ◽  
SA Mignacca
Keyword(s):  
Low Voltage ◽  
Obstructive Hydrocephalus ◽  
Congenital Hydrocephalus ◽  
Pathological Features ◽  
Glial Reaction ◽  
Neurological Signs ◽  
Slow Activity ◽  
Multidisciplinary Studies ◽  
Suppurative Inflammation ◽  
Eeg Pattern

The clinical, electroencephalographic and neuro-pathological features of three cases (cases 1, 2 and 3) of congenital hydrocephalus in sheep were described. The observed neurological signs reflected damage in the telencephalon and brain stem. The electroencephalogram performed in case 1 and case 2 showed different patterns: symmetric and synchronous high-voltage slow-activity in case 1, and low-voltage slow-activity in case 2. By the post-mortem examination, in all the animals, dilatation of the ventricular system, especially of the lateral ventricles, associated with a glial reaction surrounding the dilated ventricles was observed. Only in case 3, a monolateral meningeal thickening at the left cerebellopontine angle seemed to be responsible for the obstructive hydrocephalus. In the other two brains (case 1 and 2), no potential anatomical cause for the hydrocephalus were detected, even if, in case 2, a compensatory form was not excluded due to the moderate hypoplasia of the cerebrum and the presence of the non-suppurative inflammation. The results of this work provide a contribution to the EEG characterisation in ovine hydrocephalus cases; nevertheless further multidisciplinary studies of a larger number of sheep could permit to better characterise the EEG pattern in ovine hydrocephalus cases.

scholarly journals Electroencephalography in Predicting Short-Term Clinical Outcomes after Cardiac Arrest

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 519-524
Author(s):  
Yun Ho Choi ◽  
In-Uk Song ◽  
Sung-Woo Chung ◽  
Taewon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Burst Suppression ◽  
The Other ◽  
Temperature Management ◽  
Early Recovery ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Gcs Score ◽  
Eeg Pattern

ABSTRACT:Background:Early consciousness recovery after cardiac arrest (CA) is one of the most explicit and self-evident prognostic factors for clinical outcomes. We aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of electroencephalography (EEG) phenotypes according to the American Clinical Neurophysiology Society’s Critical Care EEG classification for predicting early recovery after CA.Methods:Consecutive patients admitted to the ICU after CA were enrolled. We analyzed Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score within 10 days after CA and evaluated mortality within 28 days according to EEG pattern subtype.Results:Among the total of 71 patients, 9 had periodic discharges (PDs) EEG pattern, 4 had rhythmic delta activity (RDA), 8 had spike-and-wave (SW), 22 had low voltage, 5 had burst suppression, and 23 had other EEG patterns. Initial GCS scores, GCS scores 3 days after CA (or 3 days after targeted temperature management [TTM]), and 10 days after CA (or 10 days after TTM) were significantly different among EEG subtypes (p < 0.001, respectively) (Table 2). GCS scores were significantly higher in RDA and the other EEG group compared to the PDs, SW, low voltage, and burst suppression groups (p < 0.001). Significant group × time interactions were observed for the follow-up period between EEG phenotypes (p < 0.001) demonstrating the most increase in the other EEG pattern group.Conclusions:Consciousness states were significantly worse in the PDs, SW, burst suppression, and low-voltage groups compared to the RDA and the other EEG pattern within 10 days after CA. The degree of consciousness recovery differed significantly by EEG pattern subtype within 10 days.

Electrical responses to limbic and thalamic stimulation in the unrestrained hooded rat

1962 ◽  
Vol 203 (5) ◽  
pp. 796-798
Author(s):  
Lucy Birzis
Keyword(s):  
Limbic System ◽  
Thalamic Nucleus ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Electrical Response ◽  
Active Growth ◽  
Thalamic Stimulation ◽  
Fast Activity ◽  
Mediodorsal Thalamic Nucleus ◽  
Slow Activity ◽  
Stimulation Of

A procedure for implanting cortical and subcortical brain electrodes in young hooded rats is described. In unrestrained rats, cortical activity showed patterns of high voltage slow activity or low voltage fast activity correlated with quiet or alert states, respectively. Typical recruiting responses were elicited by stimulation of the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus. Low intensity stimulation of the limbic system produced an electrical response similar to thalamocortical recruiting, and higher intensity stimulation induced a seizure discharge in the limbic circuit with accompanying behavioral signs of excitement and hypermotility. Neither ongoing electrical activity, nor thresholds or amplitudes of response to stimulation of thalamus or limbic system were observably different after a period of 8 weeks of active growth of the rats.

Internal Hydrocephalus and Associated Periventricular Encephalitis in Young Dogs

1977 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 236-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Higgins ◽  
M. Vandevelde ◽  
K. B. Braund
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Sudden Onset ◽  
Cranial Vault ◽  
Congenital Hydrocephalus ◽  
Rapid Progression ◽  
Neurological Signs ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Internal Hydrocephalus

Six dogs that had a sudden onset and rapid progression of neurological signs with enlargement of the cranial vault at 6-8 weeks old were believed to have congenital hydrocephalus. There were severe inflammatory and necrotizing lesions in periventricular sites in the brain. A bacterial infection may have been the cause of this process.

Hippocampal Rhythmic Slow Activity and Neocortical Low-Voltage Fast Activity: Relations to Behavior

1975 ◽  
pp. 101-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. Vanderwolf ◽  
R. Kramis ◽  
L. A. Gillespie ◽  
B. H. Bland
Keyword(s):  
Low Voltage ◽  
Fast Activity ◽  
Slow Activity ◽  
Rhythmic Slow Activity

scholarly journals An Unusual case of neurocysticercosis leading to blindness in a young Indian male

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-76
Author(s):  
Meenakshi Wadhwani ◽  
Ananya Panda ◽  
Rajpal Vohra ◽  
Achal Kumar Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Unusual Case ◽  
Obstructive Hydrocephalus ◽  
Taenia Solium ◽  
Larval Form ◽  
Endemic Disease ◽  
Neurological Signs ◽  
Indian Male

Neurocysticercosis is an endemic disease in India. It is caused by infection from the larval form of Taenia solium and humans serve as the intermediate host. Its diverse manifestations include seizures, headaches, focal neurological signs. Obstructive hydrocephalus, with its potential for death is the most disastrous complication. We hereby report a case of 24 year old boy presenting with blindness without hydrocephalus.

scholarly journals Malignant Rhabdoid Tumour of the Pineal Region

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Muller ◽  
Sherri Lynn Hubbard ◽  
John Provias ◽  
Mark Greenberg ◽  
Laurence E. Becker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Obstructive Hydrocephalus ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Pineal Region ◽  
Mass Lesion ◽  
Raised Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Pathological Features ◽  
Rhabdoid Tumour ◽  
Intratumoral Hemorrhage ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Abstract:A 9-month-old male presented to hospital with signs and symptoms of raised intracranial pressure. A CT scan showed obstructive hydrocephalus from a large pineal region mass lesion into which an intratumoral hemorrhage had occurred. A posterior fossa craniectomy and subtotal excision of the mass lesion were performed. By histopathology, the lesion was a malignant rhabdoid tumour (MRT). Despite surgery and chemotherapy, the tumour grew inexorably, and the patient died four months after the initial diagnosis. MRT is a rare and highly invasive neoplasm which infrequently arises from the central nervous system. This is the first documented case of a MRT arising from the pineal region. The clinical, radiographic, and pathological features of the MRT in this patient are presented.

Rosette-forming Glioneuronal Tumour of the Fourth Ventricle with Previous Intratumoural Haemorrhage: Case Report and Review of the Literature

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 958-966 ◽  
Author(s):  
YM Li ◽  
WQ Li ◽  
Y Pan ◽  
YC Lu ◽  
NY Long ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fourth Ventricle ◽  
Obstructive Hydrocephalus ◽  
Cystic Mass ◽  
Pathological Features ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Contrast Administration ◽  
Complete Excision ◽  
Histological Features

The case is reported of a rosette-forming glioneuronal tumour of the fourth ventricle (RGTFV) in a 27-year-old male. Symptoms included headache, severe vomiting and clumsy walking that had progressively worsened over 14 days. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging indicated a 3.0 × 2.5 × 2.0 cm solid-cystic mass in the fourth ventricle and obstructive hydrocephalus. The tumour showed evidence of previous intra-tumour haemorrhage, with heterogeneous enhancement after contrast administration. Complete excision of the lesion was performed. Signs of previous intra-tumoural haemorrhage were seen intra-operatively. The detailed clinical, radiological and pathological features in this patient are described and compared with existing literature on this type of tumour. Despite benign histological features and a reported favourable post-operative course, there is still limited clinical experience with this type of tumour, however intratumoural haemorrhage may result in morbidity and mortality. This report will help provide better characterization of this entity, improving the diagnosis and potentially reducing mortality in RGTFV.

Kaolin-induced congenital hydrocephalus in utero in fetal lambs and rhesus monkeys

1984 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S. B. Edwards ◽  
Michael R. Harrison ◽  
Meredith Halks-Miller ◽  
Don K. Nakayama ◽  
Mitchell S. Berger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Silicone Oil ◽  
Obstructive Hydrocephalus ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Congenital Hydrocephalus ◽  
Major Drawback ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Intracisternal Injection ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy

✓ A model of congenital hydrocephalus in utero in fetal lambs and rhesus monkeys has been produced by the intracisternal injection of kaolin. Initial attempts to produce hydrocephalus using silicone oil were unrewarding. Hydrocephalus had developed by 2 weeks post-injection and could be followed by ultrasonography. The pathological findings were similar to those reported using kaolin in other species. Ventriculoamniotic shunting, when successful, was capable of partially reversing the deleterious effects of hydrocephalus. The major drawback of the present model is that hydrocephalus is produced during the second rather than the first trimester of pregnancy. However, kaolin produces mainly an obstructive hydrocephalus without other associated brain or systemic anomalies.

The clinical EEG and personality in mentally abnormal offenders

1984 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 569-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Howard
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Personality Assessments ◽  
Retrospective Survey ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Slow Activity ◽  
Special Hospital ◽  
Clinical Eeg ◽  
Eeg Features

SynopsisA retrospective survey was undertaken of the clinical EEG in a series of consecutive admissions to Broadmoor Special Hospital (N = 265). Following reporting of the records by visual inspection, the EEGs were classified according to 4 descriptive categories: predominantly monorhythmic; low voltage fast, ‘choppy’ dysrhythmic with excess theta; and dysrhythmic with paroxysmal features. The last 3 categories constituted EEG patterns with atypical or anomalous features. The EEGs of patients with high scores on Welsh's MMPI Anxiety scale (‘withdrawers’) were compared with those of patients with low scores (‘approachers’). Lateralization of paroxysmal EEG features was studied with reference to MMPI personality measures (Blackburn's Impulsivity and Sociability and Welsh's Anxiety), legal diagnosis, type of offence, and relationship to victim. The EEGs were studied in a further sample of 29 admissions who had been assessed, using Hare's Research Scale for the Assessment of Psychopathy (Hare, 1980). While the overall incidence of atypical EEG features reported in the present study (around 60% of cases) was comparable with that reported previously for offender populations, they occurred significantly more frequently in ‘withdrawers’ than in ‘approachers’. This suggests that the high frequency of atypical EEG features in abnormal offenders may be due to the preponderance of ‘withdrawers’ in this population. Patients who had committed violent offences against strangers, as opposed to people known to them, tended to have bilateral paroxysmal features in their EEG. High scores on Hare's Psychopathy scale were significantly associated with prominent Posterior Temporal Slow Activity. The study offers some prospect that the combined use of EEG and personality assessments may be of potential value in the assessment of dangerousness.

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