On the interaction of phonetic parameters implementing the voiced / voiceless phonological opposition in Standard Modern Russian

2021 ◽  
pp. 137-153
Author(s):  
Sergey V. Knyazev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Burst Duration ◽  
Closure Duration ◽  
Phonological Feature ◽  
The Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Voiceless Stop ◽  
Nasal Consonant ◽  
Manner Of Articulation ◽  
The Voice ◽  
Modern Russian

The paper reports new data obtained in the experimental study of voice coarticulation of voiced and voiceless obstruents adjacent to sonorant depending on the place and manner of articulation of these consonants in Standard Modern Russian. The experimental results revealed the voice coarticulation of the obstruent in word-internal clusters of [sonorant + obstruent + sonorant] coronal consonants, possibly due to the preceding homorganic nasal consonant. In the case of sonorants [nasal + voiceless stop + vibrant] that are not identical in place and manner of articulation, the closure part of the dental stop becomes voiced throughout, with this phonation type accommodation not leading, nevertheless, to the voiced / voiceless phoneme neutralization since the contrast in question is still maintained by phonetic parameters other than voice (phonation itself). These are closure duration, burst duration, and relative overall intensity. On the contrary, in the case of dental sonorants [nasal + voiceless stop + nasal] being identical in place and manner of articulation, the contrast in burst duration is eliminated since no burst of dental stop is found in the position before homorganic nasal, with the closure part of the stop not acquiring voicing to prevent the voiced / voiceless phoneme neutralization. In conclusion, it is argued that in Standard Modern Russian, the phonetic parameter [relative overall intensity] is less significant in the hierarchical structure of distinctive phonological feature than [closure voicing] and [burst duration] ones since it cannot serve as the only parameter distinguishing the voiced and voiceless obstruents in the intersonorant position.

Development of Portable Medical Electronic Device for Infant Cry Recognition

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natarajan Sriraam ◽  
S. Tejaswini ◽  
Ankita Arun Chavan
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Electronic Device ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Significant Information ◽  
Infant Cry ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Medical Electronic ◽  
Voice Recorder ◽  
The Voice

Infant cry is considered as the first biological signal communicated by the newborns to the mother and the outside world. In NICU, there is a huge need to monitor the physiological conditions of the premature and full term infants. In such environment, the cry signal conveys significant information in terms of the distress of the infant and thereby needs of the infants can be well attended. Establishment of the portable device is thus essential for such scenario. This work enumerates a primitive experimental study on developing portable electronic medical device for infant cry recognition. The setup comprises of a voice recorder, NI My RIO processor with a Lab view followed by the LCD Tablet for display. The cry signals were recorded by placing the voice recorder in the incubator and were qualitatively assessed by the clinician and confirm its suitability for the experimental study. A threshold based classification was employed which sends the voice based alarm to the tablet. The continuous monitoring of such facility in NICU provides the behavioral status of the infant

Non-durational acoustic correlates of word-initial consonant gemination in Kelantan Malay: The potential roles of amplitude and f0

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-60
Author(s):  
Mohd Hilmi Hamzah ◽  
John Hajek ◽  
Janet Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Initial Position ◽  
Acoustic Parameters ◽  
Rare Word ◽  
Acoustic Correlates ◽  
Closure Duration ◽  
Disyllabic Words ◽  
Consonant Gemination ◽  
Manner Of Articulation ◽  
Magnitude Difference

This study reports on non-durational acoustic correlates of typologically rare word-initial consonant gemination in Kelantan Malay (KM) by focusing on two acoustic parameters – amplitude and f0. Given the unusual characteristics of the word-initial consonant contrast and its potential maintenance in domain-initial environments, this study sets to examine the extent to which amplitude and f0 can potentially characterise such a contrast in KM in addition to the cross-linguistically established acoustic correlate of closure duration. The production data involved elicited materials from sixteen KM native speakers. RMS and f0 values were measured at the start of the vowel following stops and sonorants produced in isolation (i.e. utterance-initial position) and in a carrier sentence (i.e. utterance-medial position). Results indicate that the consonant contrast is reflected in systematic differences in (i) vowel onset amplitude and f0 following the target consonant and (ii) the ratios of amplitude and f0 across two syllables of disyllabic words. There are also effects of utterance position, manner of articulation and voicing type on the magnitude of contrast between singletons and geminates with utterance-initial voiceless stops generally showing the greatest magnitude difference. The conclusion is drawn that the KM word-initial singleton/geminate consonant contrast can be associated with a set of acoustic parameters alongside closure duration.

Development of Portable Medical Electronic Device for Infant Cry Recognition

2020 ◽  
pp. 288-297
Author(s):  
Natarajan Sriraam ◽  
S. Tejaswini ◽  
Ankita Arun Chavan
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Medical Device ◽  
Electronic Device ◽  
Portable Device ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Significant Information ◽  
Infant Cry ◽  
Medical Electronic ◽  
Voice Recorder ◽  
The Voice

Infant cry is considered as the first biological signal communicated by the newborns to the mother and the outside world. In NICU, there is a huge need to monitor the physiological conditions of the premature and full term infants. In such environment, the cry signal conveys significant information in terms of the distress of the infant and thereby needs of the infants can be well attended. Establishment of the portable device is thus essential for such scenario. This work enumerates a primitive experimental study on developing portable electronic medical device for infant cry recognition. The setup comprises of a voice recorder, NI My RIO processor with a Lab view followed by the LCD Tablet for display. The cry signals were recorded by placing the voice recorder in the incubator and were qualitatively assessed by the clinician and confirm its suitability for the experimental study. A threshold based classification was employed which sends the voice based alarm to the tablet. The continuous monitoring of such facility in NICU provides the behavioral status of the infant

Velopharyngeal Closure Force and Levator Veli Palatini Activation Levels in Varying Phonetic Contexts

1998 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
David P. Kuehn ◽  
Jerald B. Moon
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Women Subjects ◽  
Levator Veli Palatini ◽  
Velopharyngeal Closure ◽  
Back Vowel ◽  
Mechanical Factors ◽  
High Vowels ◽  
Nasal Consonant ◽  
Normal Men ◽  
Manner Of Articulation

The purpose of this study was to measure velopharyngeal closure force in varying phonetic contexts for normal men and women subjects. Levator veli palatini muscle activity was measured as well. Place and manner of articulation, voicing, and the effects of consonant sequencing were studied in different vowel contexts. When the data were grouped by sex of subject, no differences were found in absolute values of velopharyngeal closure force for the men versus women subjects. As expected, nonnasal consonants were produced with greater velopharyngeal closure force than nasal consonants. High vowels were produced with greater closure force than low vowels. Closure force was greater for voiceless than for voiced consonants but only for the men and only within /i/ and /u/ contexts. The lingua-dorsal consonant was associated with greater closure force than the lingua-apical consonant but only for the men and only in the high-back vowel environment. Significant differences in closure force were not found between fricatives or stops. A tendency for greater closure force for the fricative consonant was observed when the fricative followed rather than preceded the nasal consonant. Vowel identity had an effect on closure force during consonant production in the men in that closure force was greater for /s/ and /n/ in high versus low vowel contexts. Men exhibited a larger number of significant differences in closure force than did the women. The results suggest that velopharyngeal closure force is not controlled by a single muscle (the levator veli palatini) but that other muscles and mechanical factors are likely contributors.

Labial and Mandibular Dynamics during the Production of Bilabial Consonants: Preliminary Observations

1973 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harvey M. Sussman ◽  
Peter F. MacNeilage ◽  
Robert J. Hanson
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Stop Consonant ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Jaw Movements ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Temporal Sequencing ◽  
Voiceless Stop ◽  
Nasal Consonant ◽  
Intramuscular Electromyography ◽  
Preliminary Description

Simultaneous recordings of upper lip, lower lip, and jaw movements concomitant with intramuscular electromyography were obtained from five subjects during the production of VCV tokens where V = /i/, /ε/, and /æ/ and C = /p/, /b/, and /m/. The temporal sequencing of muscle activity from major elevators and depressors of the lips and jaw was determined and incorporated into a preliminary description of the motor control of the bilabial gesture. Magnitudes of articulator displacement and velocity and electromyographic data revealed a trend among the bilabial consonants so that the voiceless stop /p/ was produced with the highest level of preocclusion activity, and the nasal consonant /m/, with the highest level of postocclusion activity. Production of the three stop cognates involved a complementary contribution of aerodynamic and neuromuscular forces in the achievement of the necessary upper articulatory maneuvers. A left-to-right coarticulation effect for jaw depression whereby the EMG level related to V 2 was reduced as V 1 lowered was shown to span the medial stop consonant. A right-to-left coarticulation effect was observed in one speaker whereby jaw elevation was inversely related to the openness of V 2 . Such an anticipatory maneuver was contradictory to more immediate phonetic goals and necessitated neuromuscular compensatory adjustments of the lower lip.

Context effects on the acoustic realization of stops and affricates in Northern Pwo Karen

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
Audra Phillips ◽  
Benjamin V. Tucker
Keyword(s):  
Context Effects ◽  
Voice Onset Time ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Vowel Quality ◽  
Nasal Vowels ◽  
Closure Duration ◽  
Slight Rise ◽  
The Voice ◽  
Place Effects

Studies have shown that the voice onset time (VOT) of alveolo-palatal affricates is the longest, followed by velars, dental/alveolars, and bilabials. In a reciprocal pattern, closure duration is the longest for bilabials, followed by dental/alveolars, and then velars. Longer VOT is also associated with high and front vowels and tones with rising components. Moreover, the VOT of voiceless unaspirated stops is reported to be longer and closure duration shorter in nasal words. Finally, the voiceless interval has been described as constant in some languages and inconstant in others. Given the evidence of previous research, this study investigates the effects of place, nasality, tone, and vowel quality on the VOT, closure duration, and voiceless interval of the voiced and voiceless obstruents of Northern Pwo Karen (N. Pwo), a language of Thailand. N. Pwo (ISO 639-3 pww) is a ‘true voicing’ language with a three-way distinction in stops, voiceless aspirated and unaspirated affricates, oral and nasal vowels, and six tones (four modal tones and two glottalized tones). In N. Pwo, the place effects on VOT and closure duration pattern reciprocally. Whereas, both VOT and the voiceless interval are longer before oral vowels compared to nasal vowels. VOT is longest before the mid tone, which has a slight rise, while it is the shortest before the falling-glottalized tone. This pattern is reversed for the closure duration of aspirates and voiced stops. Finally, VOT, closure duration, and the voiceless interval are the longest before high and front vowels.

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