Main Directions of Prevention of Group Offenses among Juvenile Convicts in Young Offender Institutions

2021 ◽  
pp. 87-92
Author(s):  
Konstantin V. Karetnikov ◽  

The federal legislation views the prevention of juvenile delinquency and antisocial actions as very significant, since an offense is understood as an administrative offense and a criminal offense, and antisocial actions include other offenses. This issue is topical for young offender institutions; however, the special category of detainees implies a special category of crimes and violations of the established order of serving the sentence (disciplinary responsibility of convicts). By the end of 2020, there were 949 people in 18 young offender institutions. According to the statistics, the convicts did not commit crimes, yet there were more than 545 other violations. In the current circumstances, it is necessary to improve the prevention of offenses by focusing on specific activities in penal institutions, including active use of non-contact supervision over the behavior of convicts (stationary video cameras, portable video recorders, biometric identification means, access control and management systems). The researchers and practitioners are discussing the possibility of using electronic monitoring systems to supervise the behavior of convicts. This will allow a better quality of supervision over the special contingent and more effective preventive activities in young offender institutions.

Author(s):  
Надежда Викторовна Грязева ◽  
Валерий Викторович Кубанов

В структуре деятельности учреждений уголовно-исполнительной системы по предупреждению побегов первое место традиционно занимают меры общей и специальной профилактики, реализуемые в рамках оперативной деятельности и режимных мероприятий посредством воздействия на лиц, склонных к совершению рассматриваемых преступлений. Немаловажная роль в рассматриваемом механизме отводится техническим средствам и новациям, внедряемым в деятельность учреждений УИС. Осознание того, что средства контроля в непрерывном режиме осуществляют постоянный мониторинг деятельности учреждения, постепенно формируют у осужденных, подозреваемых и обвиняемых убежденность в бесперспективности попыток совершения преступлений, в том числе побегов. В статье анализируются вопросы использования опыта учреждений, обеспечивающих изоляцию от общества, в профилактике побегов. Охарактеризован комплекс мероприятий по предупреждению побегов из мест лишения свободы и из-под стражи, показана специфика общепрофилактического воздействия. Выявлены существенные недостатки в организации взаимодействия частей и служб отдельных учреждений и территориальных органов ФСИН России при осуществлении профилактической работы по предотвращению побегов. Сделан вывод о необходимости качественного научно-технического обеспечения деятельности исправительных учреждений и следственных изоляторов. На основе обобщения положительного опыта работы органов и учреждений ФСИН России выделены основные направления деятельности, в наибольшей степени влияющие на предупреждение побеговой активности осужденных и лиц, содержащихся под стражей: использование средств электронного мониторинга в отношении отдельных категорий осужденных; использование видеосистем и биометрических технологий в деятельности учреждений УИС; повышение качества патрулирования на режимной территории. In the structure of the penal institutions activities for the escapes prevention, the first place is traditionally occupied by measures of general and special prevention, implemented within the framework of operational activities and regime measures, by influencing persons who are inclined to commit the crimes in question. An important role in the mechanism under consideration is given to technical means and innovations introduced into the penal institutions activities. The realization that the means of control continuously monitor the institution activities, gradually form the conviction of convicts in the futility of attempts to commit crimes, including escapes. The article analyzes the issues of using the experience of institutions that provide isolation from society in the escapes prevention. The article describes a set of measures to prevent escapes from places of liberty deprivation and from custody, and shows the specifics of the general preventive effect. Significant shortcomings in the organization of parts interaction and services of individual institutions and territorial bodies of the Federal Penitentiary Service in the implementation of preventive work to prevent escapes were identified. The conclusion is made about the need for high quality scientific and technical support for the activities of correctional institutions and pretrial detention centers. Based on the generalization of the positive penal experience, the main areas of activity that most affect the prevention of escape activity of convicts and persons in custody are identified: the use of electronic monitoring tools in relation to certain categories of convicts; the use of video systems and biometric technologies in the activities of penal institutions; improving the quality of patrolling in the restricted territory.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toni Wäfler ◽  
Rahel Gugerli ◽  
Giulio Nisoli

We all aim for safe processes. However, providing safety is a complex endeavour. What is it that makes a process safe? And what is the contribution of humans? It is very common to consider humans a risk factor prone to errors. Therefore, we implement sophisticated safety management systems (SMS) in order to prevent potential "human failure". These SMS provide an impressive increase of safety. In safety science this approach is labelled "Safety-I", and it starts to be questioned because humans do not show failures only. On the contrary, they often actively contribute to safety, sometimes even by deviating from a procedure. This "Safety-II" perspective considers humans to be a "safety factor" as well because of their ability to adjust behaviour to the given situation. However, adaptability requires scope of action and this is where Safety-I and Safety-II contradict each other. While the former restricts freedom of action, the latter requires room for manoeuvring. Thus, the task of integrating the Safety-II perspective into SMS, which are traditionally Safety-I based, is difficult. This challenge was the main objective of our project. We discovered two methods that contribute to the quality of SMS by integrating Safety-II into SMS without jeopardizing the Safety-I approach.


2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (5) ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
Валентина Косенко ◽  
Valentina Kosenko ◽  
Алла Трапкова ◽  
Alla Trapkova ◽  
Светлана Тарасова ◽  
...  

The article conducts the analysis of system errors detected by Roszdravnadzor by conducting state quality control of circulating medicines, as well as weaknesses in pharmaceutical quality management systems of the manufacturers, that can influence the quality of manufactured drugs.


2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Agate ◽  
Alessandra De Paola ◽  
Giuseppe Lo Re ◽  
Marco Morana

Multi-agent distributed systems are characterized by autonomous entities that interact with each other to provide, and/or request, different kinds of services. In several contexts, especially when a reward is offered according to the quality of service, individual agents (or coordinated groups) may act in a selfish way. To prevent such behaviours, distributed Reputation Management Systems (RMSs) provide every agent with the capability of computing the reputation of the others according to direct past interactions, as well as indirect opinions reported by their neighbourhood. This last point introduces a weakness on gossiped information that makes RMSs vulnerable to malicious agents’ intent on disseminating false reputation values. Given the variety of application scenarios in which RMSs can be adopted, as well as the multitude of behaviours that agents can implement, designers need RMS evaluation tools that allow them to predict the robustness of the system to security attacks, before its actual deployment. To this aim, we present a simulation software for the vulnerability evaluation of RMSs and illustrate three case studies in which this tool was effectively used to model and assess state-of-the-art RMSs.


1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 138-138
Author(s):  
S. Kavanagh ◽  
P.B. Lynch ◽  
P.J. Caffrey ◽  
W.D. Henry

The benefits of creep feeding in a 3 - 4 week weaning system is uncertain. Sow milk yield peaks at 3 - 4 weeks postpartum and the need for supplementary feed to maintain growth rates of suckling pigs is minimal. The objective of this study was to quantify creep feed intake by suckling pigs and to assess the effect of creep feeding on piglet growth and weight at weaning when weaned at 26.0 (s.e. 0.6) days of age.The results reported here were obtained by combining data from 296 litters of suckling pigs on 5 creep feeding trials. The five trials involved comparison of diets and management systems as follows: (A) effect of quality of creep feed (high quality starter diet vs medium quality starter diet vs a pelleted cooked cereal); (B) comparison of meal and pelleted diets; (C) the effect of form (reconstituted calf milk replacer - 20 % dry matter vs solid pellet vs peat primer offered with a solid pellet); (D) effect of feed freshness (fresh creep vs 30 day old creep vs 60 day old creep feed); (E) effect of creep feeding piglets on pre-weaning performance.


1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 145-160
Author(s):  
Ivanka Avelini Holjevac ◽  
Ana Marija Vrtodušić

Service quality has been a major preoccupation of the hospitality industry throughout the 1980s and the early 1990s. Quality management systems have been clearly identified as a means of increasing the professionalism and social competence of staff, while developments such as customer care programs and quality teams have produced notable improvements in the effectiveness and efficiency. Starting from the main economic goal of making profit in each enterprise, it is necessary to measure and to evaluate effectiveness and efficiency. The aim of this paper is to emphasize the importance and necessity of measuring two aspects of the quality of business success: effectiveness (hotel market success) and efficiency (hotel economy). The paper defines effectiveness and efficiency as well as key ratios for measuring and evaluating those two aspects of quality of business success.


2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-99
Author(s):  
Evgeniya N. Stepanova

Problem and purpose. The problem of improving the training of IT specialists in the field of electronic document management in the process of studying at a university is examined. Methodology . The study used an analysis of practical activities in working with electronic document management systems and training in working with these systems in the process of training IT specialists in the field of electronic document management. Results. A proposal has been put forward on the need to create a special educational system for electronic document management for use as an object of study and as a means of training in the education of IT specialists in the field of electronic document management, the requirements for it were formulated, and step-by-step models of its preparation are described. Conclusion. The proposed software and technological tools and organizational and methodological methods will allow solving the problem of improving the quality of training of IT specialists in the field of electronic document management.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Shen Lvping

With the development of information technology and network technology, digital archive management systems have been widely used in archive management. Different from the inherent uniqueness and strong tamper-proof modification of traditional paper archives, electronic archives are stored in centralized databases which face more risks of network attacks, data loss, or stealing through malicious software and are more likely to be forged and tampered by internal managers or external attackers. The management of intangible cultural heritage archives is an important part of intangible cultural heritage protection. Because intangible heritage archives are different from traditional official archives, traditional archive management methods cannot be fully applied to intangible heritage archives’ management. This study combines the characteristics of blockchain technology with distributed ledgers, consensus mechanisms, encryption algorithms, etc., and proposes intangible cultural heritage file management based on blockchain technology for the complex, highly dispersed, large quantity, and low quality of intangible cultural heritage files. Optimizing methods, applying blockchain technology to the authenticity protection of electronic archives and designing and developing an archive management system based on blockchain technology, help to solve a series of problems in the process of intangible cultural heritage archives management.


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