scholarly journals Gender differences in lipid metabolism

Author(s):  
Valentina O. Mittova ◽  
Anna O. Khoroshikh ◽  
Olga V. Zemchenkova ◽  
Sergey V. Ryazantsev ◽  
Oleg V. Maslov ◽  
...  

The search for early markers of atherosclerosis is an effective method for providing personalized medicine allowing the prevention of the progression of this pathology. The aim of this study was the determination of the total indices of dyslipidemia and the identification of the gender indices of the extended lipid profile in the population of residents of the Southern and Central Federal Districts (Voronezh, Belgorod, Lipetsk, Kursk and Rostov regions) for the identification of early markers of atherogenicity. In a simultaneous clinical study, involving 339 patients (mean age 48 years), the concentrations of total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL (low density lipoproteins), HDL (high density lipoproteins), apolipoproteins B and A1, the ApoB/ApoA1 ratio and the atherogenic coefficient were determined. For the identification of the relationship between changes in lipid profile indicators with cytolysis syndrome and indicators of carbohydrate metabolism, the activity of ALAT (alanine aminotransferase), GGTP (gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase) and glucose contentwere also studied. Analysis of the results of the lipid spectrum of the population sample of the middle age group revealed significant metabolic disorders of lipid metabolism with a predominance of atherogenic lipid fractions and a significant excess of indicators of atherogenic lipid fractions in middle-aged men in  comparison with women. It has been shown that the apoB/apoA1 index can be used as an auxiliary marker for early assessment of the prevalence of atherogenic lipid fractions, allowing the identification of risk groups for the development of diseases associated with metabolic disorders

Author(s):  
О.Н. Иванова ◽  
П.А. Васильев ◽  
Е.Ю. Захарова

Дислипидемия - одно из наиболее распространенных метаболических нарушений, доминирующий фактор риска заболеваний сердечно-сосудистой системы. Своевременная диагностика и корректировка липидного профиля могут заметно снизить заболеваемость и смертность от сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. Обширная гетерогенная группа заболеваний приводит к устойчивым изменениям липидного профиля. Предлагаемый обзор включает в себя описание метаболизма липидов, молекулярных основ и клинических характеристик первичных моногенных дислипидемий. Мутации двадцати пяти генов являются причиной большинства моногенных дислипидемий. На основании изменений липидного профиля выделяют пять групп фенотипов с экстремальным отклонением уровней маркеров липидного профиля: с высоким и низким уровнем липопротеинов низкой плотности, с высоким и низким уровнем липопротеинов высокой плотности, с высоким уровнем триглицеридов. Для каждого фенотипа обозначены ассоциированные гены, указан ген с чаще всего выявляемыми мутациями. Подробно описаны молекулярные основы наиболее распространенной дислипидемии, характеризующейся существенным повышением уровня липопротеинов низкой плотности - семейной гиперхолестеринемии. Генетическое тестирование пациентов с дислипидемией дает возможность постановки точного диагноза, каскадного обследования и консультирования членов семьи пациента, ранней диагностики для предотвращения или более позднего проявления осложнений. Dyslipidemia is one of the most common metabolic disorders, the dominant risk factor for diseases of the cardiovascular system. Timely diagnosis and correction of the lipid profile can significantly reduce morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular diseases. An extensive heterogeneous group of diseases leads to persistent changes in the lipid profile. This review includes a description of lipid metabolism, the molecular basis, and clinical characteristics of primary monogenic dyslipidemia. Mutations in twenty-five genes are responsible for most monogenic dyslipidemias. On the basis of changes in the lipid profile, five groups of phenotypes are distinguished with extreme deviation in the levels of lipid profile markers: with high and low levels of low density lipoproteins, with high and low levels of high density lipoproteins, with high levels of triglycerides. For each phenotype, the associated genes are indicated, the gene with the most frequently detected mutations is indicated. The molecular basis of the most common dyslipidemia, familial hypercholesterolemia, is described in detail. Genetic testing of patients with dyslipidemia makes it possible to make an accurate diagnosis, the possibility of cascade examination and counseling of the patient’s family members, the possibility of early diagnosis to prevent or later manifest complications.


2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (12) ◽  
pp. 728-732
Author(s):  
Inessa Vladislavovna Averyanova

Metabolic disorders (dyslipidemias) are currently crucial since they develop cardiovascular diseases. The work was aimed at studying age dynamics and its correlation with severity of dyslipidemia in basic lipid metabolism variables (in different age groups). Materials and methods: Examinees were Caucasians born and permanently residing in Magadan region: 55 mature men and 147 young men (mean ages were 36.8±0.8 and 18.7±0.8 yr, respectively). Blood serum lipid metabolism was examined by colorimetric and photometric method using AU 680 (Beckman Coulter, USA). Results: The data of obtained lipidogram showed dependence of rise in all indicators on subjective older age with higher percentage of dyslipidemia and increase in calculated indices reflecting degree of the lipid profile atherogenicity. Conclusion: Overall, the North study revealed a safer lipid profile in group of younger men, while biochemical picture of older residents demonstrated increased values. Lipid atherogenicity is a very alarming factor in developing cardiovascular diseases, and a predictor of risks for metabolic syndrome.


Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seong-Hee Ko ◽  
Hyun-Sook Kim

Menopause is clinically diagnosed as a condition when a woman has not menstruated for one year. During the menopausal transition period, there is an emergence of various lipid metabolic disorders due to hormonal changes, such as decreased levels of estrogens and increased levels of circulating androgens; these may lead to the development of metabolic syndromes including cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. Dysregulation of lipid metabolism affects the body fat mass, fat-free mass, fatty acid metabolism, and various aspects of energy metabolism, such as basal metabolic ratio, adiposity, and obesity. Moreover, menopause is also associated with alterations in the levels of various lipids circulating in the blood, such as lipoproteins, apolipoproteins, low-density lipoproteins (LDLs), high-density lipoproteins (HDL) and triacylglycerol (TG). Alterations in lipid metabolism and excessive adipose tissue play a key role in the synthesis of excess fatty acids, adipocytokines, proinflammatory cytokines, and reactive oxygen species, which cause lipid peroxidation and result in the development of insulin resistance, abdominal adiposity, and dyslipidemia. This review discusses dietary recommendations and beneficial compounds, such as vitamin D, omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants, phytochemicals—and their food sources—to aid the management of abnormal lipid metabolism in postmenopausal women.


2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (3 (71)) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. M. Hromnatska

Objective. To study the rate of metabolic syndrome and its main criterions in children.Material and methods. Among 1520 children of total population 90 children with metabolic syndrome aged from 9 to 18 years were selected. Diagnosing of metabolic syndrome was provided according to International Diabetic Federation recommendations (2007).Results. It was established that the rate of metabolic syndrome in children of Lviv was 5,9%. The most spread and therefore primary criterion of metabolic syndrome in children was abdominal obesity, which was diagnosed both in overweight (36,6%) and in generalized obesity (63,4) (p=0,039) and was identified in all children with metabolic syndrome (100,0%). Insulin resistance as a sign of carbohydrate metabolism changes was identified in fewer children (41,8%), which means the primacy of abdominal obesity in relation to insulin resistance in metabolic syndrome criterions formation. Hyperglycemia and hypoalphacholesterolemia were almost of the same frequency, which suggests the likelihood of metabolic syndrome development both toward carbohydrate metabolism changes with hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia and to lipid metabolism with lowered cholesterol level in high density lipoproteins as well as to hypertriglyceridemia. The latter had the lowest diagnostic level (18,8%).Summary. The rate of metabolic syndrome and its main criterions in Lviv children did not differ from the universal rate. The most informative and spread metabolic syndrome criterions in descending order were: abdominal obesity → arterial hypertension→ hyperinsulinemia → insulin resistance →hyperglycemia→low concentrarion of high-densitycholesterol→high concentration of triglycerides in blood. It is rational to monitor metabolic syndrome in Ukraine, whichreflects a real spread of metabolic disorders in order to prevent and correction them.


2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (23) ◽  
pp. 2729-2742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasrin Sharifi ◽  
Reza Tabrizi ◽  
Mahmood Moosazadeh ◽  
Naghmeh Mirhosseini ◽  
Kamran B. Lankarani ◽  
...  

Background and objective: Oxidative stress and inflammation are key parameters in developing metabolic disorders. Hence, antioxidant intake might be an appropriate approach. Several studies have evaluated the effect of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) supplementation on lipid profile among patients with metabolic diseases, though findings are controversial. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the effects of CoQ10 supplementation on lipid profile in patients with metabolic disorders. Methods: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases until July 2017. Prospective clinical trials were selected assessing the effect of CoQ10 supplementation on different biomarkers. Two reviewers independently assessed the eligibility of studies, extracted data, and evaluated the risk of bias of included studies. A fixed- or random-effects model was used to pool the data, which expressed as a standardized mean difference with 95% confidence interval. Heterogeneity was measured using a Q-test and with I2 statistics. Results: A total of twenty-one controlled trials (514 patients and 525 controls) were included. The meta-analysis indicated a significant reduction in serum triglycerides levels (SMD -0.28; 95% CI, -0.56, -0.005). CoQ10 supplementation also decreased total-cholesterol (SMD -0.07; 95% CI, -0.45, 0.31), increased LDL- (SMD 0.04; 95% CI, -0.27, 0.36), and HDL-cholesterol levels (SMD 0.10; 95% CI, -0.32, 0.51), not statistically significant. Conclusion: CoQ10 supplementation may significantly reduce serum triglycerides levels, and help to improve lipid profiles in patients with metabolic disorders. Additional prospective studies are recommended using higher supplementation doses and longer intervention period.


2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1461.1-1461
Author(s):  
T. Rogatkina ◽  
O. Korolik ◽  
V. Polyakov ◽  
G. Kravtsov ◽  
Y. Polyakova

Background:Attention is drawn to the frequent combination of osteoarthritis (OA) with cardiovascular disease. Non-specific inflammation plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of OA and atherosclerosis. Limiting the physical activity of patients with OA is an additional important factor aggravating the course of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Chronic pain syndrome, causing a neuroendocrine response, is often the cause of the development of complications of atherosclerotic disease. Dyslipidemia is the main cause of atherosclerosis and vascular thrombosis.Objectives:To study variants of lipid metabolism disorders in female and male patients of different age groups with osteoarthritis.Methods:Case histories of 90 patients with OA were analyzed. The average age of patients was 63.27 ± 11.31 years. The average body mass index (BMI) is 39.8 ± 3.2. All patients underwent questionnaires, general clinical and biochemical blood tests with lipid profile determination, anthropometry, bioimpedansometry, and the main metabolic rate assessment using indirect calorimetry in dynamics (at the beginning of the study and after 3 months).Results:Burdened heredity for obesity, arterial hypertension (AH), diabetes mellitus (DM) was revealed. AH was diagnosed in 76 patients (84.4%), type II diabetes in 17 (18.9%), dyslipidemia and hypercholesterolemia in 56 (62.2%). Statins were taken by 43 patients (47.8%) - group I patients, which is associated with low adherence to therapy, group II included patients who did not initially take statins or stopped taking them at least 6 months before inclusion in the study.Against the background of diet therapy and physiotherapy exercises, BMI (R0.99; p <0.05), fat mass (R0.95; p <0.05) significantly decreased, lipid profile normalization was noted: total cholesterol (R0.66; p <0 .05), LDL (R0.69; p <0.05), HDL (R0.95; p <0.05), TG (R0.57; p <0.05), AST decreased (R0.64; p <0.05) and ALT (R0.76; p <0.05) in both groups of patients, regardless of lipid-lowering therapy. A decrease in fat mass correlated with TG levels (R0.51; p <0.05), an increase in skeletal muscle mass (R0.60; p <0.05), lean mass (R0.72; p <0.05), and active cell mass (R0.59; p <0.05). The lipid profile in the I group of patients was significantly better before and at the end of the study. Long-term effects have not been investigated due to the short duration of the study.Conclusion:In patients with OA, a high frequency of concomitant diseases of the cardiovascular system, lipid metabolism disorders was found. Non-drug therapy has a positive effect on the lipid profile and the level of transaminases. The decrease in body weight due to loss of fat mass reliably correlates with the level of TG. Timely use of statins contributes to the normalization of the lipid profile, reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with OA. It is necessary to study lipid profile disorders in patients with OA with recommendations for lifestyle modification (diet, physical activity), and if necessary, prescribe lipid-correcting therapy.References:[1]E. Simakova, B. Zavodovsky, L. Sivordova [et al]. Prognostic significance of lipid disorders markers determination in pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. Vestnik Rossijskoj voenno-medicinskoj akademii. 2013. No. 2 (42). P.29-32.[2]Zavodovsky B.V., Sivordova L.E. Prognostic significance value of definition of leptin level determination in osteoarthritis. Siberian Medical Journal (Irkutsk). 2012; 115(8):069-072.Disclosure of Interests:None declared


2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1785.1-1785
Author(s):  
S. Ganhão ◽  
A. Mendes ◽  
F. Aguiar ◽  
M. Rodrigues ◽  
I. Brito

Background:Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune systemic disease associated with premature atherosclerosis. Risk factors include dyslipoproteinemia, inflammation, oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL), hyperhomocysteinemia and antiphospholipid antibodies. Hyperlipidemic condition is being reported to promote the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-27 and lowering blood lipid levels improves the disease. Oxidative stress is elevated, mainly due to mitochondrial dysfunction, further disrupting lipid metabolism. Some drugs also have an impact on lipid profile, such as chronic steroid use, which worsens LDL, HDL, and TG levels.Objectives:To assess the relationship between lipid profile and disease activity in juvenile SLE (jSLE) patients.Methods:Retrospective study of jSLE patients, fulfilling both 2012 and 2019 EULAR/ACR classification criteria for SLE. Juvenile-onset was defined as age at diagnosis <18 years. Demographics and clinical characteristics were collected. To evaluate the activity of jSLE, the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) was used. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS®. Spearman’s rank non-parametric test or Pearson’s parametric test were used to assess the bivariate correlation for inflammatory and metabolic variables. P value <0.05 was considered significant for all the statistical tests.Results:35 patients were included, with current median (min-max) age of 22 (16-35) years, mean (SD) age of diagnosis of 15.8 (2.4) years; 91.4%female. Median ESR was 19 (2-75) mm/h, CRP 1.65 (0.1-9.6) mg/L, albumin 41.6 (16.7-46.3) g/L, proteinuria 0.2 (0-3) g/dL, leukocyturia 0 (0-1362.7)/uL, erythrocyturia 0 (0-501.9)/uL and anti-double stranded DNA 89.3 (10-800) U/mL. Mean C3 was 102.1 (21.6), C4 17.1 (7.4) mg/dL and creatinine 0.63 (0.1) mg/dL. Median SLEDAI was 2 (0-12). All were ANA positive, 40 % positive for antinucleossome antibodies, 25.7% anti-ribossomal P protein antibody, 11.4% anti-Sm, 8.6% autoantibodies againstβ2-glycoproteinI, 8.6% anti-cardiolipin, 14.3% lupus anticoagulant, 37.1% anti-SSA and 8.6% anti-SSB. Articular manifestations were present in 48.6%, mucocutaneous in 77.1%, haematological in 45.7%, lupus nephritis in 42.9%, serositis in 8.6% and pulmonary interstitial disease in 2.9%. Mean (SD) total cholesterol values (TC) was 165.5 (44.7) mg/dL and LDL 94.5 (29.9) mg/dL. Median high-density lipoprotein was 52 (28-92) and triglycerides (TG) 81.5 (41-253) mg/dL. Median daily prednisolone dose was 5 (0-40) mg. 88.6% were treated with hydroxychloroquine, 31.4% with mychophenolate mophetil and 14.3% with azathioprine. TC was negatively correlated with serum albumin (p=0.043, rho=-378) and positively with SLEDAI (p=0.032; rho= 0.392), proteinuria (p=0.009; rho= 0.469) and leukocyturia (p=0.031; rho= 0.394). A positive correlation was found between LDL and proteinuria (p=0.043; rho= 0.385) and between TG and CRP (p=0.001; rho= 0.575). TG were also positively correlated with prednisolone daily dose (p=0.035; rho= 0.394). Mean LDL was higher in anti-Sm positive patients (p=0.022). No differences were found regarding anti-phospholipids antibodies. Nephritic lupus patients had worse lipid metabolism, but this did not reach statistical significance.Conclusion:In out cohort, increased expression of TC, LDL and TGs is associated with disease activity in SLE. As expected, higher doses of prednisolone also correlated with lipid metabolism.References:[1]Machado D et al. Lipid profile among girls with systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheumatol Int. 2017 Jan;37(1):43-48Disclosure of Interests:None declared


2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
pp. 1503-1517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra B Kinzer ◽  
Robert D Shamburek ◽  
Marissa Lightbourne ◽  
Ranganath Muniyappa ◽  
Rebecca J Brown

Abstract Context Patients with lipodystrophy have dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. Leptin treatment with metreleptin in lipodystrophy decreases insulin resistance and lowers triglycerides without changing high-density lipoprotein. Detailed measurement of lipoprotein particles with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy can offer insights into cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and lipid metabolism beyond a standard lipid panel. We hypothesized that patients with lipodystrophy would have a more atherogenic lipid profile than controls at baseline, which would be ameliorated with metreleptin treatment. Objective To characterize the lipoprotein profile in patients with lipodystrophy compared with controls and to evaluate effects of metreleptin treatment. Design, Setting, Patients, and Intervention Patients with lipodystrophy (N = 17) were studied before and after metreleptin for 2 weeks and 6 months and compared with 51 insulin-sensitive sex-matched controls. Main Outcome Measures Lipoprotein profiles were measured by NMR with the LP4 deconvolution algorithm, which reports triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particles (TRLPs), high-density lipoprotein particles (HDLPs), and low-density lipoprotein particles (LDLPs). Results Patients with lipodystrophy had elevated large TRLPs and smaller HDLPs and LDLPs compared with controls. Five patients with lipodystrophy had chylomicrons, compared with zero controls. Metreleptin decreased the size and concentration of TRLPs, eliminated chylomicrons in all but one patient, decreased LDLPs, and increased LDLP size. Metreleptin treatment did not have major effects on HDLPs. Conclusions Patients with lipodystrophy had an atherogenic lipoprotein profile at baseline consistent with elevated CVD risk, which improved after metreleptin treatment. The presence of fasting chylomicrons in a subset of patients with lipodystrophy suggests saturation of chylomicron clearance by lipoprotein lipase.


2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
P. Perez-Martinez ◽  
J. Lopez-Miranda ◽  
A. Lozano ◽  
J.A. Moreno ◽  
C. Bellido ◽  
...  

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document