Xylogenesis of Scots Pine in an Uneven-Aged Stand of the Minusinsk Depression (Southern Siberia)

Tree-ring formation studies are important for assessing the impact of environmental factors on tree growth at intra-seasonal resolution. This information is necessary for understanding plant acclimatization to current and expected climate changes. Little is still known about how tree age may affect the duration and rate of annual ring formation. In this study, we investigated tree-ring formation in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) trees of different ages (30- and 95-year-old trees) from the foreststeppe zone in Southern Siberia. The main objectives were 1) to estimate the timing of cambial activity by distinguishing the phases of division, enlargement, wall thickening, and maturation of tracheids and 2) to compare the anatomical structure of the tracheids forming the annual rings of the differently aged trees. Stem tissue was sampled weekly from April to September 2014. The results showed a 1-2 week difference in duration of the phases of xylem formation between the groups; in addition, the ring width of the young trees was slightly narrower. The size of the tracheids of the entirely formed ring (i.e. the results of the enlargement phase) did not differ between the groups whereas the dynamics of the cell-wall thickness showed significant differences. The data obtained in the present study can provide references to calibrate process-based models linking environment to wood formation. These data can be used to benchmark time-explicit simulated measurements of annual ring increment and cell anatomical structure against the corresponding parameters of mature trees growing under natural conditions

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Impact of air pollution on forest stands in the vicinity of Wodzisław Śląski and Rybnik, Poland

Geology, Geophysics and Environment ◽

10.7494/geol.2019.45.4.283 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 45 (4) ◽

pp. 283

Author(s):

Joanna Barniak ◽

Agnieszka Jureczko

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Tree Ring ◽

Scots Pine ◽

Ring Width ◽

Forest Stands ◽

Increment Core ◽

Pine Trees ◽

Pine Stands ◽

The Impact ◽

Scots Pine Stands

Tree-ring analysis was used to investigate the impact of air pollution on forest stands in the southern part of the Upper Silesia region of southern Poland. Four about 120 years old Scots pine stands located near Wodzisław Śląski and Rybnik were selected for study and 20 increment core samples from each stand were taken. All study stands were selected based upon their considerable exposure to air and dust pollution.The results of dendrochronological analysis showed strong and significant reductions in tree ring growth especially during the period from 1960 to 1990. A significant number of trees with reductions (85%) was observed in two Scots pine stands both of which are directly exposed to air pollution from mine-owned coking plant and power and heating plants. Since 1990s the improved growth of these pines was clearly noted. A comparison for the period 1970 to 1990 for stands located west from the main emitters’ versus stands east and directly exposed found fewer trees with growth reductions (ca. 40%). At the beginning of the 21st century, a large number of trees in these western stands were observed with growth reductions between 50 and 60%. Probably, these trees were affected by air pollution from a nearby power plant located immediately across the border in the Czech Republic. Relationships between periods of severe reductions in ring width growth or missing rings were noted in a large percentage of pine trees in all four stands; these cross-stand relationships suggested common weather-related impacts. Missing rings were noted in 1956, 1963, 1968, 1970, 1971, 1973, 1976 and 1979.

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The Impact of Climate Change and Strong Anthropopressure on the Annual Growth of Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) Wood Growing in Eastern Poland

Forests ◽

10.3390/f9110661 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 661

Author(s):

Robert Kalbarczyk ◽

Monika Ziemiańska ◽

Anna Nieróbca ◽

Joanna Dobrzańska

Keyword(s):

Tree Ring ◽

Scots Pine ◽

Ring Width ◽

Meteorological Conditions ◽

Stress Factors ◽

Annual Growth ◽

Anthropogenic Factors ◽

Regression Equations ◽

Tree Ring Width ◽

The Impact

Changes in annual tree ring width (TRW) and its size depends not only on the changing climate and natural stress factors such as extreme air temperatures, shortages in rainfall and excess rainfall during the growing season, but also on anthropogenic stress, including chemical compounds emitted to the atmosphere or lowering of the groundwater table caused by the operations of plants with high environmental impact. The purpose of this article is to assess the impact of meteorological conditions and anthropogenic factors on the size of annual growth of Scots pine tree-stands in the conditions of the climate of central-eastern Poland. On the basis of five created site chronologies in the vicinity of Zakłady Azotowe Puławy (nitrogen factories in Puławy) and using the moving correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis, a significant influence of temperature and precipitation conditions on the TRW size is proved. A significant, positive influence of air temperature on TRW was proved for the majority of chronologies created in the period of January–March, as well as in June, while it remained negative in May. The wide rings of Scots pines were formed when the precipitation of October and January (prior to the resumption of cambium activity) was lower than the average, and higher in April and in June–August. After including the anthropopressure factors in the regression equations, the description of the variability of the annual tree ring width was corrected. The coefficient of determination ranged from approx. 29% to even above 45% and was higher, on average by 10%, for all studied chronologies of Scots pine compared to the one calculated for constructed equations considering only meteorological conditions. The strength and direction of the impact of the independent variables (SO2, NH3, NOx) analysed on TRW mainly depended on the distance from the plants, as well as on the direction of inflow of industrial pollution to the stands examined. In light of the proven climate changes in central and eastern Poland, the growth conditions of pine stands will most likely deteriorate.

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IMPACT OF AIR POLLUTION ON RING WIDTH AND TRACHEID DIMENSIONS IN ABIES RELIGIOSA IN THE MEXICO CITY BASIN

IAWA Journal ◽

10.1163/22941932-90000361 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 205-215 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sergio Bernal-Salazar ◽

Teresa Terrazas ◽

Dionisio Alvarado

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Mexico City ◽

Annual Ring ◽

Ring Width ◽

Leaf Damage ◽

Tree Age ◽

Wall Thickening ◽

Annual Ring Width ◽

Old Trees ◽

Abies Religiosa

Annual ring width and characteristics of latewood tracheids were characterized for the past 100 years for old trees of Abies religiosa growing in the Desierto de Los Leones within the air-polluted Mexico City basin. Sampled trees had lost nearly 50% of their branches and leaves. Radial variation in most measured characteristics followed typical trends for maturation until the 1970s, when trees were about 70 years old. From that decade onward, there was a continued reduction in annual ring width as well as a reduction in cell wall thickening and tracheid length, but an increase in lumen diameter. These xylem modifications started before the first visual symptoms of leaf damage were detected. We suggest that changes in annual ring width and tracheid size are caused by air pollution rather than by tree age.

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Non-linear Response to Cell Number Revealed and Eliminated From Long-Term Tracheid Measurements of Scots Pine in Southern Siberia

Frontiers in Plant Science ◽

10.3389/fpls.2021.719796 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Elena A. Babushkina ◽

Dmitry R. Dergunov ◽

Liliana V. Belokopytova ◽

Dina F. Zhirnova ◽

Keshav K. Upadhyay ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tree Ring ◽

Tree Growth ◽

Ring Width ◽

Cell Number ◽

Anatomical Structure ◽

Tree Ring Width ◽

Southern Siberia ◽

Non Linear ◽

Maximum Cell

Dendroclimatic research offers insight into tree growth–climate response as a solution to the forward problem and provides reconstructions of climatic variables as products of the reverse problem. Methodological developments in dendroclimatology have led to the inclusion of a variety of tree growth parameters in this field. Tree-ring traits developed during short time intervals of a growing season can potentially provide a finer temporal scale of both dendroclimatic applications and offer a better understanding of the mechanisms of tree growth reaction to climatic variations. Furthermore, the transition from classical dendroclimatic studies based on a single integral variable (tree-ring width) to the modern multitude of quantitative variables (e.g., wood anatomical structure) adds a lot of complexity, which mainly arises from intrinsic feedbacks between wood traits and muddles seasonality of registered climatic signal. This study utilized life-long wood anatomical measurements of 150- to 280-year-old trees of Pinus sylvestris L. growing in a moisture-sensitive habitat of the forest-steppe of Southern Siberia (Russia) to investigate and eliminate legacy effect from cell production in tracheid traits. Anatomical parameters were calculated to describe the results of the three main subsequent stages of conifer xylem tracheid development, namely, cell number per radial file in the ring, mean and maximum cell radial diameter, and mean and maximum cell-wall thickness. Although tree-ring width was almost directly proportional to cell number, non-linear relationships with cell number were revealed in tracheid measurements. They exhibited a stronger relationship in the areas of narrow rings and stable anatomical structure in wider rings. The exponential models proposed in this study demonstrated these relationships in numerical terms with morphometric meaning. The ratio of anatomical measurements to their modeled values was used to develop long-term anatomical chronologies, which proved to retain information about climatic fluctuations independent of tree-ring width (cell number), despite decreased common signal.

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Drought signals inferred from ring-width and stable carbon isotope chronologies from Thuja occidentalis trees growing at their northwestern distribution limit, central Canada

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x2012-012 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 42 (3) ◽

pp. 517-531 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Robert Au ◽

Jacques C. Tardif

Keyword(s):

Tree Ring ◽

Tree Rings ◽

Stable Carbon Isotopes ◽

Stable Carbon Isotope ◽

Ring Width ◽

Ring Formation ◽

Moisture Regime ◽

Stable Carbon ◽

Thuja Occidentalis ◽

Central Canada

Stable carbon isotopes (δ13C) fixed in tree rings are dependent upon environmental conditions. Old northern white-cedar ( Thuja occidentalis L.) trees were sampled at their northwestern limit of distribution in central Canada. The objectives of the study were (i) to investigate the association between tree-ring δ13C values and radial growth in addition to the response of these variables to climate, (ii) to assess site differences between two sites varying in moisture regime, and (iii) to compare tree-ring δ13C of T. occidentalis with that of other boreal tree species growing at the northern limit of their distribution in central Canada. Over 2500 tree rings comprised of 15 T. occidentalis trees were analyzed for δ13C. Annually resolved δ13C (1650–2006) and ring-width (1542–2006) chronologies were developed. During the year of ring formation, ring width was associated with spring and early-summer conditions, whereas δ13C was more indicative of overall summer conditions. However, compared with δ13C values, ring width was more often associated with climate conditions in the year prior to ring formation. Conditions conducive to moisture stress were important for both parameters. Although ring width and δ13C corresponded to the drought intervals of the 1790s, 1840s, 1890s, 1930s, and 1960–1970, ring width may be more responsive to prolonged drought than δ13C. Tree-ring δ13C could, however, provide important information regarding physiological adaptations to drought.

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The 443-Year Tree-Ring Chronology for the Scots Pine from Upper Silesia (Poland) as A Dating Tool and Climate Proxy

Geochronometria ◽

10.1515/geochr-2015-0005 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 42 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Magdalena Opała

Keyword(s):

Tree Ring ◽

Scots Pine ◽

Meteorological Data ◽

Ring Width ◽

Tree Ring Chronology ◽

Series Length ◽

Upper Silesia ◽

Living Tree ◽

Absolute Dating ◽

The Mean

Abstract An annually resolved and absolutely dated ring-width chronology spanning 443 years has been constructed using the historical and living-tree Scots pine samples from the Upper Silesia, south of Poland. The constructed regional chronology, based on six object chronologies, covers the period of 1568-2010. It is composed of 178 wood samples with the mean correlation of 0.51, mean series length of 104 years and mean EPS of 0.85. In total, 65 extreme years were distinguished. Their inde-pendent verification, based on the historical and meteorological data, showed significant correlation with the exceptionally cold/mild winters as well as severe droughts. The comparison of the extreme years with the other Polish pine chronologies showed similarities in the years with the anomalous winter conditions. Some extreme years can be associated with the exceptional pluvial conditions; these years are common in the Central European hydroclimatic tree-ring records. The construction of this regional pine chronology enables for the absolute dating of many architectural monuments from investigated region. The application of the new chronology for the dating of local wood can support interpretations of changes in the environment of the Upper Silesian region. In the future it can also be used as the basis for climate reconstruction.

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Growth and yield estimation of Chamaecyparis spp. through tree ring analysis

Banko Janakari ◽

10.3126/banko.v22i2.9197 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 36-42 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

D. K. Kharal ◽

T. Fujiwara

Keyword(s):

Tree Ring ◽

Radial Growth ◽

Ring Width ◽

Forest Products ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Tree Age ◽

Biomass Estimation ◽

Tree Ring Analysis ◽

Ring Density ◽

Ring Analysis

Tree ring analysis is one of the most useful methods in volume and biomass estimation especially of the conifer trees. Ring width and ring density are important parameters in dendrochronological research. The present research was carried out with the aim of estimating the radial and volumetric growth of the Japanese Cypress trees (Chamaecyperis obstusa and C. pisifera). Destructive method was used while collecting the wood samples from the selected trees. Ring width and ring density were measured using soft X-ray densitometry method using micro-densitometer. Computer programme, developed by the Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Japan was used to analyze the ring with and ring density data. The average ring width of the Chamaecyparis spp. was found to be about 3.4 mm at the age of 30 years. However, two types of growth pattern were observed in the trees. Average radial growth was about 5% every year during the first 20 years of the tree age, whereas, the average radial growth was negative during the age of 20–30 years. Average density of the tree rings were increased by about 11% in each height of the trees starting from the ground. Similarly, the stem density decreased by about 3.4% annually along the radial direction from the pith.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/banko.v22i2.9197Banko Janakari: A Journal of Forestry Information for NepalVol. 22, No. 2, 2012 November Page: 36-42 Uploaded date: 12/1/2013

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Siberian tree-ring and stable isotope proxies as indicators of temperature and moisture changes after major stratospheric volcanic eruptions

Climate of the Past ◽

10.5194/cp-15-685-2019 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 685-700 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Olga V. Churakova (Sidorova) ◽

Marina V. Fonti ◽

Matthias Saurer ◽

Sébastien Guillet ◽

Christophe Corona ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tree Ring ◽

Global Climate ◽

Sunshine Duration ◽

Ring Width ◽

Volcanic Eruptions ◽

Climate Dynamics ◽

Global Climate Models ◽

Added Value ◽

Latewood Density ◽

The Impact

Abstract. Stratospheric volcanic eruptions have far-reaching impacts on global climate and society. Tree rings can provide valuable climatic information on these impacts across different spatial and temporal scales. To detect temperature and hydroclimatic changes after strong stratospheric Common Era (CE) volcanic eruptions for the last 1500 years (535 CE unknown, 540 CE unknown, 1257 CE Samalas, 1640 CE Parker, 1815 CE Tambora, and 1991 CE Pinatubo), we measured and analyzed tree-ring width (TRW), maximum latewood density (MXD), cell wall thickness (CWT), and δ13C and δ18O in tree-ring cellulose chronologies of climate-sensitive larch trees from three different Siberian regions (northeastern Yakutia – YAK, eastern Taimyr – TAY, and Russian Altai – ALT). All tree-ring proxies proved to encode a significant and specific climatic signal of the growing season. Our findings suggest that TRW, MXD, and CWT show strong negative summer air temperature anomalies in 536, 541–542, and 1258–1259 at all studied regions. Based on δ13C, 536 was extremely humid at YAK, as was 537–538 in TAY. No extreme hydroclimatic anomalies occurred in Siberia after the volcanic eruptions in 1640, 1815, and 1991, except for 1817 at ALT. The signal stored in δ18O indicated significantly lower summer sunshine duration in 542 and 1258–1259 at YAK and 536 at ALT. Our results show that trees growing at YAK and ALT mainly responded the first year after the eruptions, whereas at TAY, the growth response occurred after 2 years. The fact that differences exist in climate responses to volcanic eruptions – both in space and time – underlines the added value of a multiple tree-ring proxy assessment. As such, the various indicators used clearly help to provide a more realistic picture of the impact of volcanic eruption on past climate dynamics, which is fundamental for an improved understanding of climate dynamics, but also for the validation of global climate models.

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Fast response of Scots pine to improved water availability reflected in tree-ring width and δ13C

Plant Cell & Environment ◽

10.1111/j.1365-3040.2010.02153.x ◽

2010 ◽

pp. no-no ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

BRITTA EILMANN ◽

NINA BUCHMANN ◽

ROLF SIEGWOLF ◽

MATTHIAS SAURER ◽

PAOLO CHERUBINI ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tree Ring ◽

Scots Pine ◽

Water Availability ◽

Ring Width ◽

Fast Response ◽

Tree Ring Width

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First Dendroclimatological Insight into Austrian Pine (Pinus nigra Arnold) Climate-Growth Relationship in Belgrade Area, Serbia

South-east European forestry ◽

10.15177/seefor.20-12 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 127-134

Author(s):

Branko Stajić ◽

Marko Kazimirović ◽

Vojislav Dukić ◽

Nenad Radaković

Keyword(s):

Correlation Analysis ◽

Tree Ring ◽

Response Function ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Function Analysis ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Ring Width ◽

Growth Data ◽

The Impact ◽

Precipitation And Temperature

In order to assess the impact of climate variations on Austrian pine forest in the Belgrade area, the radial growth of artificially-established Austrian pine trees and its dependence on temperature and precipitation was studied using dendroclimatological methods. The site is classified as Quercetum-frainetto cerris Rudski. Standard and residual chronologies were established and several common statistics were calculated. A dendroclimatic study was carried out using the correlation and response function analysis. The Pearson correlation coefficients between the chronology indices and 13 seasonal (3-month period) precipitation and temperature data were calculated for the period from 1959 to 2014. The applied response function analysis included 24 precipitation and temperature variables from October of the prior year to September of the current year. The results of the correlation analysis pointed out that there was a strong tendency towards a positive response to the summer and late summer/early autumn precipitation and a weak significant negative response to the spring and summer temperatures. Climate-growth relationships were further first studied using the response functions for the significant seasons that were detected from the correlation analysis and then for individual months from previous October to current September. These results also highlighted the findings that higher precipitation in the current summer months has a beneficial effect on the tree-ring width. The conducted correlation between the residual chronology and the Standardised Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index indicated that a high summer value of this drought index had a positive impact on the pine growth and reinforced the previously detected relevance of September as an important month for the Austrian pine growth. These preliminary results point out that some additional climate-Austrian pine growth studies (application of various tree-ring features, growth data with a much longer time span, more sites/stands, etc.) should be performed to obtain new and valuable knowledge important for the sustainable management of Austrian pine forests.

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