EVALUATION OF REGULATED DEFICIT IRRIGATION FOR APPLE TREES CV. 'GALA' BASED ON MIDDAY STEM WATER POTENTIAL AND SOIL MATRIX POTENTIAL

2014 ◽  
pp. 137-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Chenafi ◽  
C. Carlen ◽  
A. Boudoukha ◽  
A. Hofer ◽  
P. Monney
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Stem Water Potential ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Regulated Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Soil Matrix ◽  
Matrix Potential ◽  
Stem Water

scholarly journals Regulated deficit irrigation and tommy atkins mango orchard productivity under microsprinkling in brazilian semi arid

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 1052-1063 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos E Cotrim ◽  
Maurício A Coelho Filho ◽  
Eugênio F Coelho ◽  
Márcio M Ramos ◽  
Paulo R Cecon
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Soil Water Potential ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Stem Water Potential ◽  
Regulated Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Mango Tree ◽  
Arid Conditions ◽  
Stem Water ◽  
Semi Arid

This study aimed to test controlled levels of water deficiency in soil in mango trees, under microsprinkling irrigation, in semi-arid conditions, and to evaluate its effect in the productivity and fruits quality. The deficits were applied in the phases I, II and III of growth of the fruit, during the productive cycles of the mango tree in 2006 and 2007. The experiment in both cases was arranged in an entirely random design with 10 treatments and 3 repetitions, in the year I, and with 8 treatments and 3 repetitions in the year II. The values of soil water potential, of the treatments submitted to regulated deficit irrigation (RDI), were placed in the range of 0 to -0.011 MPa, showing that the soil humidity varied between the saturation and the field capacity, not characterizing deficit water condition. The average values of stem water potential (Ψstem) varied between -0.90 and -1.74 MPa, evidencing significant effect (p <0.05) just for T1 (without irrigation), T7 and T8 (RDI with 30% of the ETc in the phases II and III, respectively). Through the variance analysis, significant differences were not verified among productivity, number of fruits per plant and size of the fruit, in none of the experiments, what indicates the possibility of reduction of the water use in the irrigation of the mango tree without significant losses of productivity and fruit quality.

Stem water potential-based regulated deficit irrigation scheduling for olive table trees

2020 ◽  
Vol 242 ◽  
pp. 106418
Author(s):  
M. Corell ◽  
M.J. Martín-Palomo ◽  
I. Girón ◽  
L. Andreu ◽  
A. Galindo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Stem Water Potential ◽  
Regulated Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Stem Water

Partial rootzone drying improves almond tree leaf-level water use efficiency and afternoon water status compared with regulated deficit irrigation

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregorio Egea ◽  
Ian C. Dodd ◽  
María M. González-Real ◽  
Rafael Domingo ◽  
Alain Baille
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Stem Water Potential ◽  
Regulated Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Leaf Level ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Stem Water ◽  
Partial Rootzone Drying

To determine whether partial rootzone drying (PRD) optimised leaf gas exchange and soil–plant water relations in almond (Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb) compared with regulated deficit irrigation (RDI), a 2 year trial was conducted on field-grown trees in a semiarid climate. Five irrigation treatments were established: full irrigation (FI) where the trees were irrigated at 100% of the standard crop evapotranspiration (ETc); three PRD treatments (PRD70, PRD50 and PRD30) that applied 70, 50 and 30% ETc, respectively; and a commercially practiced RDI treatment that applied 50% ETc during the kernel-filling stage and 100% ETc during the remainder of the growth season. Measurements of volumetric soil moisture content in the soil profile (0–100 cm), predawn leaf water potential (Ψpd), midday stem water potential (Ψms), midday leaf gas exchange and trunk diameter fluctuations (TDF) were made during two growing seasons. The diurnal patterns of leaf gas exchange and stem water potential (Ψs) were appraised during the kernel-filling stage in all irrigation regimes. When tree water relations were assessed at solar noon, PRD did not show differences in either leaf gas exchange or tree water status compared with RDI. At similar average soil moisture status (adjudged by similar Ψpd), PRD50 trees had higher water status than RDI trees in the afternoon, as confirmed by Ψs and TDF. Although irrigation placement showed no effects on diurnal stomatal regulation, diurnal leaf net photosynthesis (Al) was substantially less limited in PRD50 than in RDI trees, indicating that PRD improved leaf-level water use efficiency.

Using midday stem water potential for scheduling deficit irrigation in mid–late maturing peach trees under Mediterranean conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Manuel Mirás-Avalos ◽  
Francisco Pérez-Sarmiento ◽  
Rosalía Alcobendas ◽  
Juan José Alarcón ◽  
Oussama Mounzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Stem Water Potential ◽  
Stem Water ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Mediterranean Conditions

Responses of 'Pink Lady ' apple to deficit irrigation and partial rootzone drying: physiology, growth, yield, and fruit quality

2007 ◽  
Vol 58 (11) ◽  
pp. 1068 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark G. O'Connell ◽  
Ian Goodwin
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Stem Water Potential ◽  
Crop Evapotranspiration ◽  
Stem Water ◽  
Partial Rootzone Drying

Partial rootzone drying (PRD) is a new irrigation strategy whereby water is withheld from part of the rootzone while another part is well watered. A successful PRD strategy should reduce tree water use through stomatal control of transpiration and reduce vegetative growth while maintaining fruit size and yield. A field experiment examined crop water relations and production performance of PRD in a commercial apple orchard on loam soil in the Goulburn Valley, Australia. The orchard consisted of high-density (1420 trees/ha) 8-year-old ‘Pink Lady’ apple trees trained as central leader and irrigated by microjets. The effects of PRD on leaf/stem water potential, vegetative growth, yield components and fruit quality were investigated during two seasons (2001–02, Year 1 and 2002–03, Year 2). The 2-year average growing season reference crop evapotranspiration and rainfall was 954 and 168 mm, respectively. Three irrigation treatments were established: (1) deficit irrigation (DI, supplied 50% of water to a fixed side of tree); (2) PRD supplied 50% of water to alternating sides of tree; (3) and conventional irrigation (CI, supplied 100% water to both sides of tree). Irrigation inputs under the CI treatment were 334 and 529 mm for Year 1 and Year 2, respectively. In Year 1, the volume of irrigation applied to CI treatment inputs equated to the replacement of predicted crop evapotranspiration (ETc) based on a mid-season FAO-56 crop coefficient with adjustment for tree size. Vegetative growth, fruit production and water status showed both PRD and DI treatments led to a classical ‘deficit irrigation’ water stress response. Leaf water potential, leaf conductance, fruit size, shoot growth and yield were reduced on PRD and DI trees compared to the fully watered (CI) trees. In Year 2, CI inputs exceeded estimated ETc by 2-fold. Consequently, minimal or no differences between irrigation regimes were measured in stem water potential, vegetative growth, yield components and fruit quality. Fruit disorders (sunburn, russet, misshape, markings, frost damage) were not affected by irrigation regime in either season. We contend that further effort is required to determine under what circumstances or environments there is a PRD response that saves water and maintains yield and quality for apple.

scholarly journals Plant Water Status as an Index of Irrigation Need in Deciduous Fruit Trees

1997 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth A. Shackel ◽  
H. Ahmadi ◽  
W. Biasi ◽  
R. Buchner ◽  
D. Goldhamer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Irrigation Treatment ◽  
Plant Water Status ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Stem Water Potential ◽  
Stem Water

To be useful for indicating plant water needs, any measure of plant stress should be closely related to some of the known short- and medium-term plant stress responses, such as stomatal closure and reduced rates of expansive growth. Midday stem water potential has proven to be a useful index of stress in a number of fruit tree species. Day-to-day fluctuations in stem water potential under well-irrigated conditions are well correlated with midday vapor-pressure deficit, and, hence, a nonstressed baseline can be predicted. Measuring stem water potential helped explain the results of a 3-year deficit irrigation study in mature prunes, which showed that deficit irrigation could have either positive or negative impacts on tree productivity, depending on soil conditions. Mild to moderate water stress was economically beneficial. In almond, stem water potential was closely related to overall tree growth as measured by increases in trunk cross-sectional area. In cherry, stem water potential was correlated with leaf stomatal conductance and rates of shoot growth, with shoot growth essentially stopping once stem water potential dropped to between −1.5 to −1.7 MPa. In pear, fruit size and other fruit quality attributes (soluble solids, color) were all closely associated with stem water potential. In many of these field studies, systematic tree-to-tree differences in water status were large enough to obscure irrigation treatment effects. Hence, in the absence of a plant-based measure of water stress, it may be difficult to determine whether the lack of an irrigation treatment effect indicates the lack of a physiological response to plant water status, or rather is due to treatment ineffectiveness in influencing plant water status. These data indicate that stem water potential can be used to quantify stress reliably and guide irrigation decisions on a site-specific basis.

scholarly journals Sensitivity and Variability of Maximum Trunk Shrinkage, Midday Stem Water Potential, and Transpiration Rate in Response to Withholding Irrigation from Field-grown Apple Trees

HortScience ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 547-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Naor ◽  
S. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Stem Water Potential ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Stress Indicators ◽  
Moisture Availability ◽  
Stem Water ◽  
Daily Transpiration

The sensitivity of water stress indicators to changing moisture availability, and their variability, determine the number of measurements that should be taken in order to represent properly plant water status in a certain orchard. In the present study we examined the sensitivity and variability of maximum daily trunk shrinkage, midday stem water potential, and daily transpiration rate in their responses to withholding irrigation from field-grown drip-irrigated `Golden delicious' apple trees in a commercial orchard. Irrigation was withheld from the stressed trees for 17 days starting in mid-July, and the control trees were irrigated daily at 100% of the “Class A” pan evaporation rate. The courses of daily transpiration rate, maximum trunk shrinkage, and midday stem water potential before and 10 days after the drying period were similar in the control and the stressed trees. Highly significant differences between the stressed and the control trees in their midday stem water potentials were apparent from the early stages of the stress period. Daily transpiration rate and maximum daily shrinkage were more variable than midday stem water potential, and differences between treatments became significant only after measurements were expressed relative to the initial values before irrigation was witheld. Differences between treatments (as percentages of the values obtained for the control trees) increased after irrigation stopped where these differences were greatest for maximum daily shrinkage, which reached 90%; moderate for stem water potential (60%); and least for daily transpiration rate, for which the differences remained below 20%. Our data show that the choice of a certain water stress indicator should be based on both the sensitivity to changing moisture availability and the degree of variability. Possible reasons for the different sensitivity to moisture availability and the different variability between the water stress indicators under study are discussed.

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