Is the oldest known wild apple tree, at more than 600 years old, associated with the distribution of apple trees in the region of Yili and adjacent areas?

2019 ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
H. Xuan ◽  
A. Fleischmann ◽  
U. Mayr ◽  
X. Shang ◽  
M. Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apple Tree ◽  
Apple Trees

Long-term effects of preplant liming on apple trees and soil cation levels

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 545-549
Author(s):  
G. H. Neilsen ◽  
E. J. Hogue ◽  
P. B. Hoyt
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Apple Tree ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Orchard Soil ◽  
Lime Application ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Key Words Apple

Nine years after liming a sandy loam orchard soil to pH 6.0 with calcium hydroxide or dolomitic lime, pH and extractable Ca and Mg were still higher where limed than where unlimed. However, pH had decreased below 5.0 in the limed and N-fertilized plots. Delicious (Malus domestica Borkh.) apple tree nutrition benefited from the two soil amendments. Leaf Mg was increased by dolomite. Leaf Ca was increased by calcium hydroxide. Leaf Mn, although highest in unlimed soils, increased over time for both limed and unlimed soil. Key words: Apple, lime application, reacidification

scholarly journals Seasonality of nutrients in leaves and fruits of apple trees

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 493-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilmar Ribeiro Nachtigall ◽  
Antonio Roque Dechen
Keyword(s):  
Apple Tree ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Nutrient Accumulation ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Leaf Sampling ◽  
Vegetative Cycle ◽  
Accumulation Curves ◽  
Fruit Harvest ◽  
Tree Fruits

The nutrient accumulation curves of apple trees are good indicators of plant nutrient demand for each developmental stage. They are also a useful tool to evaluate orchard nutritional status and to estimate the amount of soil nutrient removal. This research aimed at evaluating the seasonality of nutrients in commercial apple orchards during the agricultural years of 1999, 2000, and 2001. Therefore, apple tree leaves and fruits of three cultivars 'Gala', 'Golden Delicious' and 'Fuji' were weekly collected and evaluated for fresh and dry matter, fruit diameter and macronutrient (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) and micronutrient (B, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn) concentrations. Leaf and fruit sampling started one or two weeks after full bloom, depending on the cultivar, and ended at fruit harvest or four weeks later (in the case of leaf sampling). In general, leaf concentrations of N, P, K, Cu, and B decreased; Ca increased; and Mg, Fe, Mn, and Zn did vary significantly along the plant vegetative cycle. In fruits, the initial nutrient concentrations decreased quickly, undergoing slow and continuous decreases and then remaining almost constant until the end of fruit maturation, indicating nutrient dilution, once the total nutrient accumulation increased gradually with fruit growth. Potassium was the nutrient present in highest quantities in apple tree fruits and thus, the most removed from the soil.

MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF STEMS AND ROOTS USED TO DISTINGUISH STANDARD FROM IRRADIATION-INDUCED VARIANT APPLE TREES

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 513-518
Author(s):  
B. J. PARLIMAN ◽  
C. STUSHNOFF
Keyword(s):  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Apple Tree ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Malus Domestica Borkh ◽  
Gamma Irradiated

Beacon apple tree (Malus domestica Borkh.) variants derived from gamma-irradiated scionwood on Columbia Crab seedling (CC) rootstocks were compared to both standard Beacon/clonal rootstocks, standard Beacon/CC rootstocks and Columbia Crab seedling trees. Stem or root measurements of trees classed as induced spur-type dwarf variants/CC rootstocks had larger bark to xylem ratios than trees from other growth habit classes. Stem and root bark to xylem ratios have the potential to be used as juvenile selection criteria in screening for spur-type dwarf variants in irradiation-exposed apple tree populations.

scholarly journals APPLE TREE DENSITY AS RELATED TO PRODUCTION AND ECONOMICS

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 1263d-1263
Author(s):  
David R. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Field Data ◽  
Apple Tree ◽  
Tree Density ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Early Production

Spur and nonspur `Red Delicious' apple trees on M.26, 7, 106, and 111 were planted at different spacings. Yields were recorded for 15 years to assess the effect of early production on the M.26 trees with the later production on the M.106 and M.111 trees. The field data have been used to calculate income and expenses on a hypothetical 16-ha orchard during the 15-year period.

scholarly journals The response of apple tree varieties to the anomalies in the water and temperature conditions in 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 845 (1) ◽  
pp. 012047
Author(s):  
L V Grigoreva ◽  
D N Tsukanova ◽  
E M Tsukanova
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Apple Tree ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Early Start ◽  
Temperature Conditions ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Low Precipitation

Abstract The authors establish that the destabilization of the water and temperature conditions in farming areas is currently the most significant factor limiting the development of fruit plants. The results of the weather monitoring in 2020 show significant deviations of the water and temperature conditions in that year from the long-time annual averages, the most significant of which are abnormally dry February and March, cold and humid May, as well as the alternating hot and cold spells and dramatic temperature drops between days and nights. The monitoring of the physiological parameters of apple trees showed that the vegetation period of 2020 featured an early start of plant growth, the suppression of photosynthesis in midsummer due to high air temperatures, low precipitation, and the late beginning of winter lethargy for apple trees.

scholarly journals Bonitet assessment of graft-rootstock combinations of apple tree varieties in the conditions of the Central Chernozem region

2021 ◽  
Vol 845 (1) ◽  
pp. 012012
Author(s):  
Z N Tarova ◽  
L V Bobrovich ◽  
I P Krivolapov ◽  
A A Korotkov ◽  
O A Borisova
Keyword(s):  
Apple Tree ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Important Stage ◽  
Central Chernozem Region ◽  
Tree Inventory ◽  
Central Chernozem

Abstract The study and analysis of the condition of garden plantings is the most important stage in assessing their profitability and determining the feasibility of further production. Bonitet assessment and inventory are one of the options for such an assessment. The paper presents various methods of assessing graft-rootstock combinations of apple trees in the conditions of the Central Chernozem region. The bonitet class of garden plantings has been determined, the growth characteristics of trees and their relationship with the sub-tree inventory and bonitet assessment of graft-rootstock combinations have been analyzed.

scholarly journals Experimental approach in apple tree nutrition

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Kállay ◽  
E. Szűcs
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Apple Tree ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Bitter Pit ◽  
Apple Fruits ◽  
Npk Fertilization

Authors present synthesis of experimental work, performed in the last decades, for better understanding nutritional behaviour of apple trees and related problems in fruit quality. There were evidences supporting possible deteriorating role of potassium in feeble physiological status of apples, if applied in excess. More intensive studies proved that higher potassium uptake into leaves and fruits might be also the result of increased sink power of individual fruits. Nevertheless early senescence of apples during storage and also sensibility to bitter pit were successfully related to the increased sink power of fruits, casual relations in excessive NPK fertilization, although increase in sink power need further investigations. Impaired weather conditions during early development of fruits, hostile orchard practices in pruning, thinning, irrigation and also unskilled application of growth regulators may also contribute in the enhancement of sink power and in weakened physiological status of apple fruits.

scholarly journals Pathocomplex of root rot of apple tree in nurseries and young orchards of the South of Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 06002
Author(s):  
Irina Astapchuk ◽  
Galina Yakuba ◽  
Andrei Nasonov
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Apple Tree ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Root Pathogens ◽  
Priority Task ◽  
Sampling Points ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Alternaria Alternate ◽  
Occurrence Of Species

Root rot poses a serious threat to the main fruit crop domestic apple in nurseries and young orchards. Obtaining healthy planting material, free from root pathogens and root rot, is an especially priority task in conditions of intensive production. In the process of analyzing the affected plants from nurseries and young orchards at four sampling points, pathogens of apple root rot from 11 genera were identified and 431 isolates were extracted. The most common causative agents of apple root rot seedlings in the entire studied sample were species of the genus Fusarium spp. Soil micromycetes such as Rhizoctonia spp., Cladosporium spp., Cylinrocarpon spp., and oomycetes from the genus Pythium were rare. The composition and occurrence of species were heterogeneous at different points in the studied region. Phomopsis mali (Schulzer & Sacc.) Died., Cytospora spp., Alternaria alternate (Fr.) Keissl., and Aspergillus niger Tiegh. have been associated with root rot of seedlings and young apple trees.

scholarly journals Effect of gravity on the distribution of growth inhibitors in apple tree

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-165
Author(s):  
B. Borkowska
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Apple Tree ◽  
Horizontal Position ◽  
Growth Inhibitors ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Asymmetrical Distribution ◽  
Short Period

The aim of this work was to find, if there is an asymmetrical distribution of growth inhibitors in apple trees being kept in horizontal position for a short period of time. Two inhibitors were found in the extract of bark and young shoots of investigated trees. These inhibitors are identical with phloridzin and abscisic acid. The content of phloridzin was higher in the samples taken from the upper side than from the lower ones. The results showed lack of asymmetry in ABA distribution.

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