Traces of the Dahaean and Sarmatian Cultural Legacy in Ancient Turan and Old Rus

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 60-74
Author(s):  
R. H. Suleimanov
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Considerable Effect ◽  
Town Planning ◽  
Plan View ◽  
Cultural Legacy ◽  
Middle Asia ◽  
Cultural Processes ◽  
The Great Migration ◽  
Syr Darya ◽  
Southward Migration

This study examines the migrations of the Dahae and Sarmatians—the two related early nomadic peoples of Middle Asia and Eastern Europe—directed to the south and west of their homeland. Archaeological, written, and folkloric sources make it possible to trace the migrations of the Dahae and Sarmatians over several centuries preceding the spread of Islam in Central Asia and of Christianity in Old Rus. The study focuses on mortuary monuments, temples, and sanctuaries, cross-shaped in plan view, of migrants and their descendants. A detailed analysis of the major southward migration of Dahae from the Lower Syr-Darya in the late 3rd to early 2nd BC is presented. This migration had a considerable effect on ethnic and cultural processes in Middle Asia. The migration aimed at conquering the lands of Alexander the Great’s descendants, who were rapidly losing control over them. Features of Dahaean culture are noticed in town planning, architecture, mortuary rites, armor, etc. over the entire territory they had captured. Southward migration of the descendants of the Dahae—people of the Kaunchi and Otrar cultures—from the Syr-Darya, led by the Huns, was part of the Great Migration. The Kaunchi people headed toward the oases of Samarkand and Kesh, the Otrar people toward the oasis of Bukhara, and those associated with the Dzhetyasar culture toward the Qarshi oasis. It is demonstrated that while the cross-shaped plan view of religious structures turned into the eight-petaled rosette, the fu neral rite did not change, remains of burials and charcoal are observed everywhere. Relics of the ScythoSarmatian legacy are seen in the culture of Old Rus. For instance, remains of the sanctuaries of Perun are walls and ditches arranged in a cruciform or eight-petaled fashion, fi lled with charcoal and bones of sacrifi ced animals, with a statue of the supreme Slavic deity, in the center. Early sanctuaries of Perun in Kiev and Khodosovichi were cruciate in plan view, while later ones on the banks of the Zbruch and the Volkhov rivers had octopetalous plans. Apparently they were infl uenced by the architectural traditions of Dahae and Sarmatians, who took part in the ethnogenetic processes in both Old Rus and Turan.

scholarly journals Monastery complexes of Lviv region as tourist objects

2009 ◽  
pp. 167-174
Author(s):  
O. Klapchuk
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Regional Economy ◽  
Town Planning ◽  
Cultural Legacy ◽  
Architectural Features ◽  
Religious Tourism ◽  
Special Value

The problem of research and conservation of monastery complexes of the Lviv region is reflected in the article. Monastery always were the centers of study of a particular region and tourism, among other sights of town-planning and architecture have the special status, predefined them by unique historical and architectural features. A powerful recreation sphere is a perspective direction of development of regional economy. Religious tourism has the special value for development of internal tourism in Ukraine, as causes large interest from the side not only believers but also other layers of population. Key words: sights of architecture, monastery complexes, religious tourism, history-cultural legacy.

scholarly journals Recovery of urban development stages of town Rashkiv

1970 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-137
Author(s):  
Illia Lytvynchuk ◽  
Mykola Bevz ◽  
Bogusław Szmygin
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Town Planning ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
Defense Strategies ◽  
Cultural Legacy ◽  
Country Houses

In this article, the authors considered the development of Rashkiv (Raszków in Polish and Raşcov in Rumunian), the fortified settlement which is situated on the Middle part of the Lower Dnister Region. An attempt of reconstruction of the most important stages of its town-planning biography of the 15th-18th centuries was made. The authors based their research on newly identified sources. The systematization of the historical chronology of the most important events which have influenced the formation of the defensive structures and the urban environment of Rashkiv has been carried out. In the course of the 15th-18th centuries, four major urban planning periods were identified: the Lithuanian – fort Karaul in the form of a defensive roundel type castle, further – Zamoyski’s town fortress with a fortified downtown, then – the fortifying of the suburbs and, finally, – trade and handicraft town without any defense function. At each stage, an attempt was made to hypothetically localize separate elements of the city – fortifications, historical roads, street planning system, civil and sacral dominant elements. The authors all available source data – archival sources, historical and contemporary cartography, toponymics, field surveys, surveys, and iconographic materials for analysis. Remains of the 1st period represent today ruins of earth shafts under the fortress. This hillfort is monument of archeological heritage and it is protected by state. Ukrainian historian M. Hrushevskyi connects appearance of the fort here with necessity todefend the river crossing and the trading way. From the 2nd period we have today just two preserved bastions of the early of 17th century and some relicts of urban planning system, for example, part of the historical market square. The article also substantiates the value and necessity of preserving the historical plan of Rashkiv which was, in particular, developed under the influence of the development of defense strategies of its time. 3rd period was graphically hypothetically reconstructed in many ways. To a greater extent it is because we have not enough materials to create a definite model of the urban development of this period. Research is based on historical topographic works of 17th and 18th centuries and onlysince the early 19th century we have more detailed historical plans to make more far reaching hypotheses. Using historical photos of early 20th century, authors succeeded in discovering historically determined rhythm of urban environment in Rashkiv. Unfortunately, it is disappearing now due the physical ruining of historical substance of old town and reconstruction according present-day inhabitants’ ideas about country houses or summer cottages. The present results are significant in elaborating historical and reference architectural plan of the settlement, registration of the newly discovered objects of cultural heritage as monuments of architecture and urban planning, archeology, history and nature. New master plan of Rashkiv urban development should be based on our complex architectural and urban planning research to preserve cultural legacy of Rashkiv and to use it for modern economical and tourist revival.

From analogue collection to multifunctional access

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filip Kwiatek
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Cultural Legacy ◽  
National Heritage ◽  
National Archives ◽  
Audiovisual Archives ◽  
Private Collections ◽  
Public Tv

Polish audiovisual heritage is a very important part of the cultural legacy of the country. Unfortunately the use of and access to Polish audiovisual archives is still in its initial phases. The Polish Ministry of Culture and National Heritage has made great strides towards solving the problems of access and limitations of use. In 2009 the ministry established the National Audiovisual Institute (NInA), which prompted several digitization projects including collaborations between Polish Public TV, National Archives, museums and private collections. This paper highlights some of the creative uses of Poland’s audiovisual heritage and demonstrates how NInA has become an innovator and a leader in the audiovisual field in Poland and Eastern Europe.

Copper Use, Cultural Change and Neolithization in North-Eastern Europe (c. 5500–1800 BC)

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerkko Nordqvist ◽  
Vesa-Pekka Herva
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Stone Age ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Material World ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Cultural Processes ◽  
The Republic

In the context of northern Europe, copper use started early in eastern Fennoscandia (Finland and the Republic of Karelia, Russia), sometime after 4000 BC. This article explores this Stone Age copper use in eastern Fennoscandia in relation to broader cultural developments in the region between the adoption of pottery (c. 5500 BC) and the end of the Stone Age (c. 1800 BC). Stone Age copper use in north-eastern Europe has conventionally been understood in terms of technology or exchange, whereas this article suggests that the beginning of copper use was linked to more fundamental changes in the perception of, and engagement with, the material world. These changes were associated with the Neolithization of eastern Fennoscandia, which started earlier than has traditionally been thought. It is also argued that the adoption, use, and manipulation of new materials played an active role in the emergence of the Neolithic world in north-eastern Europe and beyond. Also, issues related to the Finno–Russian border dividing up eastern Fennoscandia and its effects on the study of early metal use and other prehistoric cultural processes are discussed.

United States

2019 ◽  
pp. 346-353
Author(s):  
David Sorkin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
The United States ◽  
Civil Defense ◽  
American Jews ◽  
World War ◽  
The Great Migration ◽  
The 1960S

This chapter looks at how the Great Migration from eastern Europe made the United States a center of world Jewry. The Nazis' murder of most of European Jewry magnified that status. While the migrants and their children were citizens, their rights were restricted. Thus, in the period after World War II, American Jewry's civil defense organizations engaged in a concerted emancipation campaign. Jews collaborated with African Americans, Catholics, and other minorities to end inequality. That campaign succeeded: from the 1940s to the 1960s, state and federal civil rights laws, and court rulings prohibiting discrimination, dismantled the structure of inequality. Those events constituted American Jews' second emancipation: it positioned the immigrant's children and grandchildren to realize the promise of American equality.

scholarly journals Orthodox Christians in Uganda: Social and Cultural Processes in African Christian Communities

2020 ◽  
pp. 124-134
Author(s):  
Dmitriy Bondarenko ◽  
Andrey Tutorskiy
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Western Culture ◽  
Orthodox Christianity ◽  
Christian Communities ◽  
Cultural Legacy ◽  
Cultural Processes ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
History Of ◽  
Western Religion

The paper outlines a brief history of the advancement of Orthodox Christianity and Old Belief in Uganda. It also characterizes Orthodox Christianity (and Old Belief) for the followers as a true, “non-Western” religion. It is explained by two factors: the cultural differences specific to precolonial Africa and the new features rooted after the introduction of Western culture. Relying on the study findings, the authors demonstrate the importance of studying the Orthodox cultural legacy in Africa for a better understanding of its future course of development.

Enclosed Seas and Large Lakes of Eastern Europe and Middle Asia.

1996 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 489
Author(s):  
Jim Green ◽  
A. F. Mandych
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Large Lakes ◽  
Middle Asia

scholarly journals Morphological Patterns of the Early Mediaeval Population of the Eastern Aral Region (Based on the Materials of Altyn-Asar Burial Sites)

2020 ◽  
pp. 84-102
Author(s):  
Maria Mednikova ◽  
Anna Tarasova ◽  
Olga Chechyotkina
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Morphological Similarity ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Middle Asia ◽  
The Great Migration ◽  
Cattle Breeders

Introduction. Morphological studies of ancient peoples are associated with traditions of physical anthropology classifying data of similarity and differences of appearance of humans in the past. The use of standard measurement techniques contributed to the accumulation of a data array that allows drawing conclusions about the origin and environment of paleopopulations even with a small number and preservation of skeletal material. Archaeological sites of the Jetyasar culture were investigated in the 80s of the 21st century by the Khwarism Expedition of the USSR Academy of Sciences in the low basin of the Syr Darya river. The culture originated as a result of contacts of oasis agriculturists and steppe cattle-breeders in the northern part of the Great Silk Road. The majority of material is associated with the period from the first centuries AD till the 8th century, when local population left places due to increased aridity. According to archaeological data, during the 4 th – 7th centuries part of the inhabitants of the region had migrant origin and/or participated in the Great Migration to the west. The goal of the study is to evaluate the morphological diversity of the Jetyasar people during the mediaeval time. Methods and Materials. The skeletal series from Altyn-Asar 4a-t, Tompakasar, Kosasar burial sites totally represents remains of 600 individuals of different chronology. Comparative data from Southern Siberia, Middle Asia, North Caucasus and Central Europe helps to study the differentiation of the mediaeval population by basic parameters of the skeletal constitution reflected in the size and linear body proportions (method of canonic analysis). Results and Conclusions. The paper reveals some trends which might indicate genetic relations of some Jetyasar groups and their possible participation in migrations. Morphological similarity of groups from Kosasar-2 and Altyn-Asar 4v burial sites with inhabitants of Mongolia and Tuva of the Hun-Sarmatian time has been detected. The patterns of physical development of people from Altyn-Asar 4m necropolis confirm the hypothesis of archaeologists about their migrant origin. However, the majority of other early and later groups have morphological analogies among the earlier or synchronous population of Middle Asia (Altyn-Asar 4b, l, d, r, g, Tompakasar). Part of the population demonstrates peculiar morphological similarity with the Avars of Central Europe (Altyn-Asar 4k, t, o).

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