scholarly journals Problem of suicide risk diagnostics and possibility to use implicit association test

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.B. Bovina
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Implicit Associations ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Scientific Interest ◽  
Implicit Associations Test

If we make a search for the term suicide in the database PsycARTICLES, we will find 1732 articles published from 1898 till 2013. The dynamics of the scientific interest towards the problem is following: 127 articles were published from 1981 till 1991, 596 articles were published from 1992 till 2002; finally, 830 articles were published from 2003 till 2013. The rise of the research interest is obvious. The more detailed analysis of the articles showed that there are different models explaining suicide (for example: medical, philosophical, psychological and sociological). The different interacting predictors of suicide were revealed in the numerous studies: sociocultural, psychosocial, and biological ones. The preventive measures are already worked out and the new ones are in the process of validation. Having such a rich and complex scientific knowledge and practical tools to handle the problem the statistics say that the number of suicides continues to grow. The brief literature review is focused on the problem of the diagnostics of suicide risk. The potential of the implicit associations test for the diagnostics of suicide risk is discussed in this paper.

Stereotypes, Bias, and Personnel Decisions: Strange and Stranger

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank J. Landy
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Implicit Associations ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
Work Settings ◽  
Personnel Decisions ◽  
Study Designs

Research on stereotyping as related to workplace evaluations and decisions has been going on for more than 30 years. Recently, implicit association theory has emerged as a less conscious manifestation of stereotyping mechanisms. In this article, I review the relevance of research on both stereotyping and one of the more popular tests of implicit associations, the Implicit Association Test (IAT). Claims have been made that both stereotyping research and, more recently, IAT research provide theoretical and empirical support for the argument that protected demographic groups (e.g., ethnic minorities, women) are the victims of biased personnel decisions and evaluations. My review of the literature suggests that both stereotyping and IAT research study designs are sufficiently far removed from real work settings as to render them largely useless for drawing inferences about most, but not all, forms of employment discrimination.

Using implicit associations towards fruit consumption to understand fruit consumption behaviour and habit strength relationships

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gert-Jan de Bruijn ◽  
Mario Keer ◽  
Mark Conner ◽  
Ryan E. Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Implicit Attitudes ◽  
Association Test ◽  
Habit Strength ◽  
Implicit Associations ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Fruit Consumption ◽  
Consumption Behaviour ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Consumption Habits

An implicit association test (IAT) was used to investigate how habit strength, implicit attitudes and fruit consumption interrelate. Fifty-two participants completed a computerized IAT and provided measures of fruit consumption and related habit strength. Implicit attitudes moderated the habit strength—fruit consumption relationship; stronger relationships were observed when implicit attitudes were more positive. Amongst those with strong fruit habits, more positive associations with fruit were found for those who had recently consumed sufficient fruits compared to those who had not. Findings demonstrate the relevance of implicit positive associations in understanding the relationship between fruit consumption habits and subsequent fruit consumption.

scholarly journals Motivated Reasoning, Political Sophistication, and Associations between President Obama and Islam

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (03) ◽  
pp. 449-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd K. Hartman ◽  
Adam J. Newmark
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Religion And Politics ◽  
Motivated Reasoning ◽  
Reaction Time Data ◽  
Implicit Associations ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Political Sophistication ◽  
Time Data ◽  
President Obama

AbstractRecent polls reveal that between 20% and 25% of Americans erroneously indicate that President Obama is a Muslim. In this article, we compare individuals' explicit responses on a survey about religion and politics with reaction time data from an Implicit Association Test (IAT) to investigate whether individuals truly associate Obama with Islam or are motivated reasoners who simply express negativity about the president when given the opportunity. Our results suggest that predispositions such as ideology, partisanship, and race affect how citizens feel about Obama, which in turn motivates them to accept misinformation about the president. We also find that these implicit associations increase the probability of stating that Obama is likely a Muslim. Interestingly, political sophistication does not appear to inoculate citizens from exposure to misinformation, as they exhibit the same IAT effect as less knowledgeable individuals.

scholarly journals Emotion and colour across languages: implicit associations in Spanish colour terms

2009 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Soriano ◽  
Javier Valenzuela
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Experimental Methodology ◽  
Implicit Associations ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Emotion Words ◽  
The World ◽  
Colour Term ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Peninsular Spanish ◽  
Colour Terms

This study explores the reasons why colour words and emotion words are frequently associated in the different languages of the world. One of them is connotative overlap between the colour term and the emotion term. A new experimental methodology, the Implicit Association Test (IAT), is used to investigate the implicit connotative structure of the Peninsular Spanish colour terms rojo (red), azul (blue), verde (green) and amarillo (yellow) in terms of Osgood’s universal semantic dimensions: Evaluation (good—bad), Activity (excited—relaxed) and Potency (strong—weak). The results show a connotative profile compatible with the previous literature, except for the valence (good—bad) of some of the colour terms, which is reversed. We suggest reasons for both these similarities and differences with previous studies and propose further research to test these implicit connotations and their effect on the association of colour with emotion words.

scholarly journals How do different elements of a warning message influence spontaneous reaction to the warning and intended behavioural change? A factorial survey experiment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Popovic ◽  
Julia Asseburg ◽  
Sebastian Weber
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Behavioural Change ◽  
Compliance Rate ◽  
Association Test ◽  
Implicit Associations ◽  
Factorial Survey ◽  
Survey Experiment ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Warning Message ◽  
Spontaneous Reaction

<p>Weather warnings serve the purpose of informing the public about potentially dangerous weather events so that they can take precautionary measures to avoid harm and damages. However, weather warning are often not user-oriented, which leads to poor understanding and low compliance rate. Moreover, warnings are often received during daily activities when the decision whether to respond to the warning might be taken within only a few seconds. The present study focuses on the question, which elements of a warning message are the most important to influence the spontaneous reaction to the warning and the intention to take action.</p><p>In a factorial survey experiment with 2000 Swiss citizen, we tested the influence of different elements of a warning message on people’s spontaneous appraisal of the warning and their intended behavioural change. The elements of the warning message we tested for were physical values (e.g. amount of rain in mm.), impact information, behavioural recommendations, warning level and labels for the severity of the event (e.g. “very severe”). We used an implicit association test to measure spontaneous appraisal of the warning message with respect to understanding, trust, risk perception and personal relevance. After the implicit association test, participants explicitly answered whether they would change their behaviour in response to the warning.</p><p>The experimental setup allows us to test for causal relations between the different elements of the warning message and the spontaneous reaction and intended behavioural response. Measuring the implicit associations provides us with a better understanding of the first reactions triggered by the warning elements and how that impacts intended behavior.</p><p>Our results (available by the end of April) will shed light on the question which information is the most important to serve as a wake-up call – a question that becomes even more relevant as warnings are increasingly transmitted via push-notifications on mobile phones. At the same time, our study provides a further insight into the cognitive process that underlies the decision to take protective actions.</p>

scholarly journals Children’s implicit food cognition: Developing a food Implicit Association Test

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmine M DeJesus ◽  
Susan A. Gelman ◽  
Julie C. Lumeng
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Health Knowledge ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Food Choices ◽  
Parent Report ◽  
Association Test ◽  
Implicit Associations ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Card Sort ◽  
Implicit Stereotypes

Assessing children’s reasoning about food, including their health knowledge and their food preferences, is an important step toward understanding how health messages may influence children’s food choices. However, in many studies, assessing children’s reasoning relies on parent report or could be susceptible to social pressure from adults. To address these limitations, the present study describes the development of a food version of the Implicit Association Test (IAT). The IAT has been used to examine children’s implicit stereotypes about social groups, yet few studies have used the IAT in other domains (such as food cognition). Four- to 12-year-olds (n = 123) completed the food IAT and an explicit card sort task, in which children assessed foods based on their perception of the food’s healthfulness (healthy vs. unhealthy) and palatability (yummy vs. yucky). Surprisingly, children demonstrated positive implicit associations towards vegetables. This pattern may reflect children’s health knowledge, given that the accuracy of children’s healthfulness ratings in the card sort task positively predicted children’s food IAT d-scores. Implications for both food cognition and the IAT are discussed.

The death-implicit association test and suicide attempts: a systematic review and meta-analysis of discriminative and prospective utility

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Maya N. Sohn ◽  
Carly A. McMorris ◽  
Signe Bray ◽  
Alexander McGirr
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Suicidal Behaviour ◽  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Association Test ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Suicide Risk Assessment ◽  
History Of

Abstract Suicide risk assessment involves integrating patient disclosure of suicidal ideation and non-specific risk factors such as family history, past suicidal behaviour, and psychiatric symptoms. A death version of the implicit association test (D-IAT) has been developed to provide an objective measure of the degree to which the self is affiliated with life or death. However, this has inconsistently been associated with past and future suicidal behaviour. Here, we systematically review and quantitatively synthesize the literature examining the D-IAT and suicide attempts. We searched psychINFO, Medline, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) from inception until 9 February 2021 to identify publications reporting D-IAT scores and suicide attempts (PROSPERO; CRD42020194394). Using random-effects models, we calculated standardized mean differences (SMD) and odds ratios (ORs) for retrospective suicide attempts. We then calculated ORs for future suicide attempts. ORs were dichotomized using a cutoff of zero representing equipoise between self-association with life and death. Eighteen studies met our inclusion criteria (n = 9551). The pooled SMD revealed higher D-IAT scores in individuals with a history of suicide attempt (SMD = 0.25, 95% CI 0.15 to 0.35); however, subgroup analyses demonstrated heterogeneity with acute care settings having lower effect sizes than community settings. Dichotomized D-IAT scores discriminated those with a history of suicide attempt from those without (OR 1.38 95% CI 1.01 to 1.89) and predicted suicide attempt over a six-month follow-up period (OR 2.99 95% CI 1.45 to 6.18; six studies, n = 781). The D-IAT may have a supplementary role in suicide risk assessment; however, determination of acute suicide risk and related clinical decisions should not be based solely on D-IAT performance.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document