scholarly journals IoT Enabled BLE and LoRa based Indoor Localization without GPS

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1637-1651
Author(s):  
P Kanakaraja, Et. al.
Keyword(s):  
Open Space ◽  
Indoor Localization ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Gps Tracking ◽  
Location Tracking ◽  
Gps Receiver ◽  
Indoor Location ◽  
The World ◽  
Exact Position ◽  
The Common

The common problem that people face these days to find out the Indoor location of a particular Object or a Person exactly. GPS-based location tracking is one of the very important services nowadays. To use GPS tracking to find a path to our destination and also track the position of our goods using GPS Tracking. It is also possible to track the exact location in absence of GPS with the help of proposed implementation. In some cases like indoor location, the GPS tracker cannot locate exact position of a person or an object. GPS Tracker generally requires an open space with no roof on it. Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) iBeacons that have to understand basically where this technology can be used or where it is useful. Basically, it is for an especially indoor location tracking of something movable or mobile without the use of a GPS Receiver. This proposed article is going to discuss the idea of making an Indoor location tracker using BLE and LoRa Technology along with IoT Dashboard through “The Things Network” (TTN) to know the position of the object or a person anywhere in the world

scholarly journals A Method to Incorporate Floor Plan Constraints into Indoor Location Tracking: A Voronoi Approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
John D. Hobby ◽  
Marzieh Dashti
Keyword(s):  
Indoor Localization ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Location Tracking ◽  
Floor Plan ◽  
Location Based Service ◽  
Indoor Location ◽  
Filtering Algorithm ◽  
Localization Algorithms ◽  
Specific Localization ◽  
Floor Plans

Indoor localization has attracted a lot of research effort in recent years due to the explosion of indoor location-based service (LBS) applications. Incorporating map constraints into localization algorithms reduces the uncertainty of walking trajectories and enhances location accuracy. Suitable maps for computer-aided localization algorithms are not readily available, and hence most researchers working on localization solutions manually create maps for their specific localization scenarios. This paper presents a method of generating indoor maps suitable for localization algorithms from CAD floor plans. Our solution is scalable for mass-market LBS deployment. We also propose an adapted map-filtering algorithm that utilizes map information extracted from CAD floor plans. We evaluate the performance of our solution via real-world Wi-Fi RF measurements.

Indoor Location Tracking System of Low Energy Beacon using Gaussian Filter

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mi-Ha Kim ◽  
Byung-Kwan Kim ◽  
Young-Woong Ko ◽  
Ki-Seok Bang
Keyword(s):  
Tracking System ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Location Tracking ◽  
Gaussian Filter ◽  
Indoor Location

scholarly journals A Low Energy IoT Application Using Beacon for Indoor Localization

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 4902
Author(s):  
Francesco Pascale ◽  
Ennio Andrea Adinolfi ◽  
Massimiliano Avagliano ◽  
Venanzio Giannella ◽  
Andres Salas
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Indoor Localization ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Bluetooth Low Energy ◽  
Indoor Location ◽  
Innovative Method

In recent years, a great number of applications in Internet of Things (IoT) have been developed. In this context, many methodologies and technologies are used for several frameworks, including indoor localization. In this field, as highlighted in recent years, one of the most important aims of modern indoor applications in IoT is to identify how to manage and correctly convey people flow. This study aims to investigate the most common methods, technologies and applications for indoor localization in IoT and analyze the major systems currently in use and the application of these solutions to actual conditions. Following this, we propose an innovative method to detect people flow in indoor location. Based on Bluetooth low energy (BLE) technology, in this paper we analyze the possibility to use our system for many kinds of applications. The first experimental results show good performance of our system.

An Improved Indoor Location Technique using Kalman Filter

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.14) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nik Fariz ◽  
Norziana Jamil ◽  
Marina Md Din ◽  
Mohd Ezanee Rusli ◽  
Zahrah Sharudin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kalman Filter ◽  
Indoor Localization ◽  
Indoor Positioning ◽  
Noise Signal ◽  
Space Environment ◽  
Location Tracking ◽  
Received Signal Strength Indicator ◽  
Indoor Location ◽  
Positioning Technique ◽  
Do So

Indoor positioning technique is used to trace location of entities within a non-space environment riding from the incapability of GPS to do so. Most of indoor localization techniques proposed by researchers aimed at discovering an optimized solution for indoor location tracking with high precision and accuracy. This paper proposes an improved indoor location technique by implementing Trilateration and Kalman Filter technique that can manipulate noise signal deduced from raw Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI). Upon implementing the technique, observation and comparison are made to measure the effectiveness and reliability of the enhanced Kalman Filter in tracking indoor positioning. Our analysis and finding shows that the enhanced indoor positioning technique improves the accuracy significantly.  

scholarly journals Monitoring of Cow Location in a Barn by an Open-Source, Low-Cost, Low-Energy Bluetooth Tag System

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (14) ◽  
pp. 3841
Author(s):  
Victor Bloch ◽  
Matti Pastell
Keyword(s):  
Open Space ◽  
Indoor Localization ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Farm Management ◽  
Propagation Model ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Acceleration Measurement ◽  
Localization Accuracy ◽  
Cost System

Indoor localization of dairy cows is important for cow behavior recognition and effective farm management. In this paper, we propose a low-cost system for low-accuracy cow localization based on the reception of signals sent by an acceleration measurement system using the Bluetooth Low Energy protocol. The system consists of low-cost tags and receiving stations. The tag specifications and the localization accuracy of the system were studied experimentally. The received signal strength propagation model and dependence on the tag orientation was studied in an open-space and a barn environment. Two experiments for the evaluation of localization accuracy were conducted with 35 and 19 cows for two days. The localization reference was achieved from feeding stations, a milking robot and videos of cows decoded manually. The localization accuracy (mean ± standard deviation) was 3.27 ± 2.11 m for the entire barn (10 × 40 m2) and 1.9 ± 0.67 m for a smaller area (4 × 5 m2). The system can be used for recognizing long-distance walking, crowded areas in the barn, e.g., queues to milking robots, and cow’s preferable locations. The estimated system cost was 500 + 20 × (cow number) € for one barn. The system has open-access software and detailed instructions for its installation and usage.

Between High Culture and Low Culture; and also The Difference Between Popular Culture and Folk Culture

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Kunal Debnath
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Folk Culture ◽  
Common People ◽  
High Culture ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Low Culture

High culture is a collection of ideologies, beliefs, thoughts, trends, practices and works-- intellectual or creative-- that is intended for refined, cultured and educated elite people. Low culture is the culture of the common people and the mass. Popular culture is something that is always, most importantly, related to everyday average people and their experiences of the world; it is urban, changing and consumeristic in nature. Folk culture is the culture of preindustrial (premarket, precommodity) communities.

Current updates on COVID-19 - A review

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Ghotekar D S ◽  
Vishal N Kushare ◽  
Sagar V Ghotekar
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Common Cold ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Hubei Province ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

Coronaviruses are a family of viruses that cause illness such as respiratory diseases or gastrointestinal diseases. Respiratory diseases can range from the common cold to more severe diseases. A novel coronavirus outbreak was first documented in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China in December 2019. The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) a pandemic. A global coordinated effort is needed to stop the further spread of the virus. A novel coronavirus (nCoV) is a new strain that has not been identified in humans previously. Once scientists determine exactly what coronavirus it is, they give it a name (as in the case of COVID-19, the virus causing it is SARS-CoV-2).

Myths about COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 907-912
Author(s):  
Deepika Masurkar ◽  
Priyanka Jaiswal
Keyword(s):  
World Health ◽  
Indian Society ◽  
Common People ◽  
The World ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Media ◽  
Personal Level ◽  
Novel Virus ◽  
The Common ◽  
Health Organization

Recently at the end of 2019, a new disease was found in Wuhan, China. This disease was diagnosed to be caused by a new type of coronavirus and affected almost the whole world. Chinese researchers named this novel virus as 2019-nCov or Wuhan-coronavirus. However, to avoid misunderstanding the World Health Organization noises it as COVID-19 virus when interacting with the media COVID-19 is new globally as well as in India. This has disturbed peoples mind. There are various rumours about the coronavirus in Indian society which causes panic in peoples mind. It is the need of society to know myths and facts about coronavirus to reduce the panic and take the proper precautionary actions for our safety against the coronavirus. Thus this article aims to bust myths and present the facts to the common people. We need to verify myths spreading through social media and keep our self-ready with facts so that we can protect our self in a better way. People must prevent COVID 19 at a personal level. Appropriate action in individual communities and countries can benefit the entire world.

“There is such a situation that Comrade Svoboda is under pressure”. The Soviet leadership and the settlement of relations with Czechoslovakia. May 1969

2019 ◽  
pp. 512-519
Author(s):  
Teymur Dzhalilov ◽  
Nikita Pivovarov
Keyword(s):  
Central Committee ◽  
Secretary General ◽  
Political Agenda ◽  
The Political ◽  
Soviet Government ◽  
Soviet Leadership ◽  
Policy Issues ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common

The published document is a part of the working record of The Secretariat of the CPSU Central Committee on May 5, 1969. The employees of The Common Department of the CPSU Central Committee started writing such working records from the end of 1965. In contrast to the protocols, the working notes include speeches of the secretaries of the Central Committee, that allow to deeper analyze the reactions of the top party leadership, to understand their position regarding the political agenda. The peculiarity of the published document is that the Secretariat of the Central Committee did not deal with the most important foreign policy issues. It was the responsibility of the Politburo. However, it was at a meeting of the Secretariat of the Central Committee when Brezhnev raised the question of inviting G. Husák to Moscow. The latter replaced A. Dubček as the first Secretary of the Communist party of Czechoslovakia in April 1969. As follows from the document, Leonid Brezhnev tried to solve this issue at a meeting of the Politburo, but failed. However, even at the Secretariat of the Central Committee the Leonid Brezhnev’s initiative at the invitation of G. Husák was not supported. The published document reveals to us not only new facets in the mechanisms of decision-making in the CPSU Central Committee, the role of the Secretary General in this process, but also reflects the acute discussions within the Soviet government about the future of the world socialist systems.

SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENT FEATURES OF HAND GESTURES IN AMERICAN AND KYRGYZ CULTURES

2019 ◽  
pp. 19-22
Author(s):  
Avtandil kyzy Ya
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Main Part ◽  
Body Language ◽  
Hand Gestures ◽  
Common Definition ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Different Cultures

Abstract: This paper highlights similarities and different features of the category of kinesics “hand gestures”, its frequency usage and acceptance by different individuals in two different cultures. This study shows its similarities, differences and importance of the gestures, for people in both cultures. Consequently, kinesics study was mentioned as a main part of body language. As indicated in the article, the study kinesics was not presented in the Kyrgyz culture well enough, though Kyrgyz people use hand gestures a lot in their everyday life. The research paper begins with the common definition of hand gestures as a part of body language, several handshake categories like: the finger squeeze, the limp fish, the two-handed handshake were explained by several statements in the English and Kyrgyz languages. Furthermore, this article includes definitions and some idioms containing hand, shake, squeeze according to the Oxford and Academic Dictionary to show readers the figurative meanings of these common words. The current study was based on the books of writers Allan and Barbara Pease “The definite book of body language” 2004, Romana Lefevre “Rude hand gestures of the world”2011 etc. Key words: kinesics, body language, gestures, acoustics, applause, paralanguage, non-verbal communication, finger squeeze, perceptions, facial expressions. Аннотация. Бул макалада вербалдык эмес сүйлѳшүүнүн бѳлүгү болуп эсептелген “колдордун жандоо кыймылы”, алардын эки башка маданиятта колдонулушу, айырмачылыгы жана окшош жактары каралган. Макаланын максаты болуп “колдордун жандоо кыймылынын” мааниси, айырмасы жана эки маданиятта колдонулушу эсептелет. Ошону менен бирге, вербалдык эмес сүйлѳшүүнүн бѳлүгү болуп эсептелген “кинесика” илими каралган. Берилген макалада кѳрсѳтүлгѳндѳй, “кинесика” илими кыргыз маданиятында толугу менен изилденген эмес, ошого карабастан “кинесика” илиминин бѳлүгү болуп эсептелген “колдордун жандоо кыймылы” кыргыз элинин маданиятында кѳп колдонулат. Андан тышкары, “колдордун жандоо кыймылынын” бир нече түрү, англис жана кыргыз тилдеринде ма- селен аркылуу берилген.Тѳмѳнкү изилдѳѳ ишин жазууда чет элдик жазуучулардын эмгектери колдонулду. Түйүндүү сѳздѳр: кинесика, жандоо кыймылы, акустика,кол чабуулар, паралингвистика, вербалдык эмес баарлашуу,кол кысуу,кабыл алуу сезими. Аннотация. В данной статье рассматриваются сходства и различия “жестикуляции” и частота ее использования, в американской и кыргызской культурах. Следовательно, здесь было упомянуто понятие “кинесика” как основная часть языка тела. Как указано в статье, “кинесика” не была представлена в кыргызской культуре достаточно хорошо, хотя кыргызский народ часто использует жестикуляцию в повседневной жизни. Исследовательская работа начинается с общего определения “жестикуляции” как части языка тела и несколько категорий жестикуляции, таких как: сжатие пальца, слабое рукопожатие, рукопожатие двумя руками, были объяснены несколькими примерами на английском и кыргызском языках. Кроме того, эта статья включает определения слов “рука”, “рукопожатие”, “сжатие” и некоторые идиомы, содержащие данных слов согласно Оксфордскому и Академическому словарю, чтобы показать читателям их образное значение. Данное исследование было основано на книгах писателей Аллана и Барбары Пиз «Определенная книга языка тела» 2004 года, Романа Лефевра «Грубые жестикуляции мира» 2011 года и т.д. Ключевые слова: кинесика, язык жестов, жесты, акустика, аплодисменты, паралингвистика, невербальная коммуникация, сжатие пальца, чувство восприятия, выражение лиц.

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