scholarly journals The Mystery of Lexical Coincidences in the Works of Yuri Tynianov and Osip Mandelstam

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 68-77
Author(s):  
Valery Milydon
Keyword(s):  
World Literature ◽  
Free Expression ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Classical Literature ◽  
The Past ◽  
Soviet Literature ◽  
Extreme Degree ◽  
High Regard ◽  
The Times ◽  
The 19Th Century

The essay explores lexical coincidences in the works of Yuri Tynianov and Osip Mandelshtam coincidences which appeared in different time periods, independently of each other.In the second half of the 1920s, Tynianov wrote the novel Death of the Vazir-Mukhtar which, while dealing with events of the 1820s, anticipated the soon-tobe disappearance of free artistic speech.Ten years later, Tynianov's anticipation became a reality reflected in Mandelstam's poem Lamarck. Freedom of creative activity did not disappear completely but became, in many respects, a thing of the past. Even if the hope for the return of free expression still existed, no one imagined when this event would take place. Loyalty to the regime and assentation were the signs of the times. Studies of Soviet artistic life in that period reveal the extreme degree of the unnatural selection aimed at creating unwavering servants of the regime. One of such servants wrote: In today's situation, genius and villainy are two compatible things: the killing of a Mozart may assist history.Such assistance to history became a Soviet norm and, according to independent Russian migr observers, led to a situation in which Soviet literature lost the position within world literature obtained by the Russian classical literature of the 19th century and acquired unmistakably provincial traits. As Shigalev declared in Dostoyevsky's Demons, All are slaves and equal in their slavery.Analogous processes were taking place in cinema, where pro-regime servilism due to cinema's ability to influence the audience more rapidly and more powerfully than literature acquired its most dangerous form. This was fully understood by the Bolshevik regime which held cinema in high regard. Creating art? No, doing what you were told to do, this was how Soviet filmmaker Leonid Trauberg later described those times.

scholarly journals The Difficulty of Historical Work in the Nineteenth-Century Museum and the Thackeray Novel

2012 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dehn Gilmore
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
National Identity ◽  
Historical Novel ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
The Past ◽  
Important Impact ◽  
Full Reconstruction ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Times

This essay suggests that conservation debates occasioned by the democratization of the nineteenth-century museum had an important impact on William Makepeace Thackeray’s reimagination of the historical novel. Both the museum and the historical novel had traditionally made it their mission to present the past to an ever-widening public, and thus necessarily to preserve it. But in the middle of the nineteenth century, the museum and the novel also shared the experience of seeming to endanger precisely what they sought to protect, and as they tried to choose how aggressive to be in their conserving measures, they had to deliberate about the costs and benefits of going after the full reconstruction (the novel) or restoration (the museum) of what once had been. The first part of this essay shows how people fretted about the relation of conservation, destruction, and national identity at the museum, in The Times and in special Parliamentary sessions alike; the second part of the essay traces how Thackeray drew on the resulting debates in novels including The Newcomes (1853–55) and The History of Henry Esmond (1852), as he looked for a way to revivify the historical novel after it had gone out of fashion. He invoked broken statues and badly restored pictures as he navigated his own worries that he might be doing history all wrong, and damaging its shape in the process.

scholarly journals Understanding the nature of the main character in russian literature on the material of the novel "A Hero of Our Time" by M.Y. Lermontov

2021 ◽  
pp. e021019
Author(s):  
Svetlana M. Petrova
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Students ◽  
Russian Literature ◽  
Symbolic Analysis ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Classical Literature ◽  
Effective Form ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Russian Language

The relevance of the study: The relevance of the study is conditioned by the necessity to popularize the Russian language in classes with a foreign audience by referring to Russian classical literature (on the example of the novel "A Hero of Our Time" by M.Y. Lermontov) with the use of innovational education technology of graphic and symbolic analysis of fiction. The purpose of the study is to create a system of lessons on the analysis of the novel "A Hero of Our Time" by M.Y. Lermontov for teaching the Russian language to a foreign audience with the application of modern technologies of teaching Russian literature to foreigners, using innovational teaching forms such as graphic symbols and key concepts reflecting the history, philosophy, traditions, and customs of the first quarter of the 19th century. Methods: The main method of study used for this problem is a creation of a graphic and symbolic system of analysis for the novel "A Hero of Our Time" by M.Y. Lermontov during Russian language classes for foreign students that would allow viewing this problem as an innovational method of teaching the Russian language to foreigners on the material of fiction. Results: The paper presents a system of graphic and symbolic analysis of the work of fiction, demonstrates the features of its application, develops an algorithm for the implementation of this system into teaching Russian to foreigners. Practical significance: The proposed system of graphic and symbolic analysis of a work of fiction in the context of teaching Russian to foreigners is an effective form of mastering the educational material for students which contributes to their realization of the communicative and linguoculturological competencies.

scholarly journals Słowniczek tykociński Zygmunta Glogera – źródła i dokumentacja

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-162
Author(s):  
Bogusław Nowowiejski
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Historical Texts ◽  
The Past ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
The Times ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article focuses on lexicographic means and methods used in the 19th century dialectal lexicography. Zygmunt Gloger in Tykocin Dictionary refers not only to dialect but also to other sources, which makes his work unique. It contains numerous references, especially to literary and historical texts, but also specialised papers. They serve either to prove the presence of a particular word/phrase in the Polish language in the past or in the times of Gloger, or to document the use of selected units in various syntactic and semantic contexts. Scientific references enable to define and to deepen etymology of selected words, or to provide an alternative variation. Referring to various sources in order to show historically or/and geographically determined phonetic, morphological and semantic-lexical forms that differ from forms in Tykocin Dictionary is rare.

scholarly journals Difficulties in translating Russian classics: Pushkin’s novel “Eugene Onegin” in English and French

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 945-968
Author(s):  
Elena N. Remchukova ◽  
Ekaterina M. Nedopekina
Keyword(s):  
Literary Translation ◽  
Original Text ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Classical Literature ◽  
Poetic Form ◽  
Chronological Order ◽  
Research Material ◽  
Eugene Onegin ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Made In

A translator of classical literature is faced with the task of identifying the goal and methods of conveying the national originality of a generally recognized literary masterpiece. The article considers this problem in the context of translations of the novel in verse Eugene Onegin by Alexander Pushkin into English and French. At the same time, it raises the questions of the translators attitude to their own work, the depth of interpretation of the original, the degree of adaptation of the original text for a foreign reader. In addition, a matter of great importance is the translators assessment of the result of their own work, which is reflected in their comments and preface to the translated text. The goal of this research is to substantiate the importance of the linguistic and cultural function of comments and prefaces, which also made it possible to identify the features of the translations themselves and emphasize their continuity. When translating works of classical literature, translators do not limit their task to the translation itself. In this regard, the preface-commentary complex is viewed in the article as an important part of the translators work. The research material includes about 40 English and over 10 French translations made in the 19th, 20th and 21st centuries and presented in chronological order. Mainly those that are accompanied by prefaces and comments were selected for the analysis. The research helps to present the translations of the novel not only in terms of continuity, but also in terms of their authors critical attitude to each other, thus bringing these components of translation into the focus of a professional discussion. As a result of comparing various translations, it is possible to identify the difficulties of literary translation of the novel Eugene Onegin , which include the preservation of its poetic form, the panoramic nature of its composition, including scenes of life of the 19th century Russian nobility, and the national spirit associated with the translation of national and cultural vocabulary. The research confirms that the very fact of numerous translations of this novel, which is paradigmatic for the Russian culture, can be viewed as a form of its worldwide recognition, regardless of the professional and reader's assessment of these translations. This enables us to speak of the existence of a strong tradition that has developed in European translation studies around this particular work.

„Mērnieku laiki” un vienradža smadzenes: gastrotulkojuma samērojums

2020 ◽  
pp. 44-55
Author(s):  
Mārtiņš Laizāns
Keyword(s):  
Research Literature ◽  
Target Language ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The World ◽  
Cultural Spaces ◽  
History Of ◽  
Food And Drink ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Times ◽  
The 19Th Century

In this article, a fragment from the novel “Mērnieku laiki” (‘The Times of the Land Surveyors’, 1879) by Reinis and Matīss Kaudzīte has been compared with its translations in several languages. The chosen fragment contentwise is saturated with elements of gastronomic cornucopia, and most of these and the accompanying phenomena of the imagined honorary feast can be considered utopian in their nature. In addition, the content of the fragment has been dressed in an utterly Rabelaisian language and poetics, and the tone of the fragment is comical as well, – enumeration crammed with hyperboles containing several language layers, which, in turn, serve as evidence about the ideas of the average Latvian peasant about the world beyond the borders of his parish in the middle of the 19th century. It is important to juxtapose this fragment with its translations as the translation of food and drink is not only a problem of literature, but the daily praxis in this regard produces a lot of intercultural misunderstandings. This comparison allows us to see the challenges and difficulties the translators had to encounter. It also allows to make observations about the solutions the translators had to come up with, and the possible effect produced on the target language audience – to what extent it has been successful and to what degree the atmosphere and language portrayed in the fragment by Kaudzītes is adaptable to other cultural spaces. In the article, the translation history of “Mērnieku laiki” has been described, the connections between the comical and gastropoetics in literature and literary studies, as well as the research literature on the translation of these aspects. In the article, the compared texts are the original by Kaudzītes and seven translations – two German, two Russian, two Lithuanian, and one Estonian translation.

scholarly journals G. FLAUBERT’S NOVEL MADAME BOVARY: HORIZONS OF AESTHETIC TRANSFORMATIONS

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-48
Author(s):  
N. LITVINENKO
Keyword(s):  
World Literature ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Central Place ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Main Attention ◽  
Social Motives ◽  
Madame Bovary ◽  
Contemporary Reality ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article examines the peculiarities of the poetics of Flaubert’s novel Madame Bovary which occupies a central place in French novelism of the 1850s and is associated with the literary trends of the time in many ways. The article discusses the transformation of Balzac’s canon of realism, the differences in the artistic principles of depicting contemporary reality between Flaubert and such representatives of the school of realism as Chanfleury and Duranty; the proximity of certain elements of poetics of the novel and the portrayal of heroes to naturalism (the role of social motives, temperament and environment); the typological similarity of Flaubert with the principles of aestheticism of the Parnassian school. The main attention is paid to the peculiarities of Flaubert’s realism, to the role of romantic motives and allusions, their ironic interpretation in the novel. Romantic traditions, even in their mass psychological refraction, retain their value semantics, contribute to the formation of a halo around Emma, typical to the eternal images of world literature. The semantics of Bovarism is opposed to the vulgarity of the commonness, at the same time almost coinciding with it. As a result, bovarism appears as a sociocultural analogue of such significant and large-scale phenomena of the 19th century culture as Byronism and Georgesandism. Transforming, rethinking the existing and emerging strategies of artistic writing, Flaubert in his novel creates an innovative, unique aesthetic synthesis, including the interaction of various literary trends, aesthetic impulses and ideas. The new non-romantic dual world arises on the basis of the contrast between the vulgarity of life and the artistic perfection of its embodiment, in that approaching the antitheses and antinomies of Baudelaire’s Flowers of Evil .

PENAL SERVITUDE (KATORGA) AND EXILE IN 60 - 70TH YEARS OF THE 19TH CENTURY. GENERAL CRIMINAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS ON POLITICAL EXILES

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-65
Author(s):  
Aleksei S. Gulin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Reform Era ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
The Past ◽  
Reform Period ◽  
Legislative Regulation ◽  
The Times ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Laws And Regulations

The article considers an issue of legislative regulation of political penal servitude and exile to Siberia on the example of the post-reform period in the 60–70s of the 19th century. in the dichotomy of general criminal laws and rules about political exiles. The author proves in the article that the interpretation of the Siberian exile by the past and present historians of the forms and methods of legal regulation, the prevailing views and assessments by researchers of the legal norms value are far from the realities of the times of political penal servitude and exile in the post-reform era.

scholarly journals LESSONS FROM THE PAST IN MOHSIN HAMIDS MOTH SMOKE

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 254-258
Author(s):  
Nilofer Shakir ◽  
Keyword(s):  
16Th Century ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The Past ◽  
Political Tension ◽  
Time Zones ◽  
Nuclear Tests ◽  
The Times

The events in the novel Moth smoke, by Mohsin Hamid are based in Lahore, Pakistan. The writer takes us back in time to the Lahore of the Mughal era. He highlights a turbulent period in Mughal history when the ageing Monarch, Shah Jahan was distressed over the question of succession to the throne. A Sufi saint had predicted that his younger son Aurangzeb would become the king. The writer discusses the political tension of the times. The drive for succession involved a series of diplomatic moves and strategies which the four Mughal Princes adopted to survive the political storm that was generated by the conflicts related to the war of succession. The novel focuses on the late 90s in Lahore. Mohsin Hamid draws a parallel between the political disturbance in the 16th century and the Lahore of present times. The Lahore of the late 90s is in the grip of serious political and social crises. The hostility gripping the two countries of the subcontinent, India and Pakistan is portrayed through the nuclear tests conducted first by India and immediately afterwards by Pakistan in 1998. He focuses on the disintegration of the country and highlights the rampant corruption, drugs, and class wars. The intrigues and conspiracies hatched in the court and harems of Emperor Shah Jahan bordered on the lust for power or supremacy. The novel highlights the impulses, dreams and ambitions which motivate the actions of the characters in the two different time zones and how they finally lead to defeat and death.

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