Review of seismic source models for underground nuclear explosions

1981 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 1249-1268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert P. Massé
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Source ◽  
Source Model ◽  
Underground Nuclear Explosions ◽  
Nuclear Explosions ◽  
Thrust Faulting ◽  
Seismic Source Models ◽  
Regional Source ◽  
Source Models ◽  
Strain Release ◽  
Wave Conversion

abstract A number of seismic source models for underground nuclear explosions have been developed over the past 2 decades. These models include the spherically symmetric compressional source model, the wave conversion source model, the tectonic strain release source model, the spall slapdown source model, and the near-regional source model. These model are reviewed in this study and are shown to be inconsistent with various geophysical data associated with underground nuclear explosions. In particular, the Rayleigh and Love wave signals generated by underground nuclear explosions have not been explained satisfactorily by any of these source models. To explain the observed explosion data, it may be necessary to model the explosion seismic source as a sequence of mechanisms producing seismic signals. These mechanisms all act within the first few seconds following the explosion detonation. One of the most important of these mechanisms is probably explosion-induced thrust faulting.

Seismic source and transmission functions from underground nuclear explosions

1974 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 1275-1293
Author(s):  
Ola Dahlman
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Source ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Distance Curve ◽  
Underground Nuclear Explosions ◽  
Nuclear Explosions ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Source Models ◽  
Function Models ◽  
Relative Differences

abstract A model is presented for the simultaneous detemination of the relative variation in transmission properties to different stations and of the relative differences between the seismic sources for closely spaced underground nuclear explosions recorded by a fixed seismological station network. The model is applied to short-period data reported from 24 globally distributed stations from 12 underground nuclear explosions with known yields at Nevada Test Site. The obtained transmission functions vary within a factor of 10 between the different stations and show a weak decrease with epicenter distance and little correlation with the Gutenberg amplitude-distance curve. The relative source functions for 10 explosions in tuff and rhyolite, with yields in the range 16 to 1,200 kt, are with good correlation proportional to explosion yield to 0.9. Two theoretical source-function models, one by Haskell (1967) and one by Mueller and Murphy (1971a), are compared with each other and they agree well for frequencies around 1 Hz and for yields in the range 3 to 300 kt. The Haskell model for tuff is modified to be more compatible with the models for salt, granite and alluvium. The Haskell model predicts stronger variation of the source functions with frequency and yield than the Mueller-Murphy model. The observed relative source functions are compared with the theoretical source functions obtained from the two source models. The agreement is fairly good but the relative decrease of the source functions at yields above 300 kt predicted by the theoretical models is not observed.

scholarly journals Transposing an active fault database into a seismic hazard fault model for nuclear facilities – Part A: Building a database of potentially active faults (BDFA) for metropolitan France

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hervé Jomard ◽  
Edward Marc Cushing ◽  
Luigi Palumbo ◽  
Stéphane Baize ◽  
Claire David ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
General Structure ◽  
Active Faults ◽  
Seismic Source ◽  
Source Model ◽  
Upper Rhine Graben ◽  
Nuclear Facilities ◽  
Seismic Source Models ◽  
Source Models

Abstract. The French Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety Institute (IRSN), with the support of the Ministry of Environment, compiled a database (BDFA) in order to define and characterize known potentially active faults of metropolitan France. The general structure of BDFA is presented in this paper. BDFA contains to date a total of 136 faults and represent a first step toward the implementation of seismic source models that would be used for both deterministic and probabilistic hazard calculations. An example transposing BDFA into a fault source model for PSHA (Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis) calculation is presented for the Upper Rhine Graben (Eastern France); and exploited in the parent paper (part B) in order to illustrate ongoing challenges for probabilistic fault-based seismic hazard calculations.

scholarly journals An updated and unified earthquake catalog from 1787 to 2018 for seismic hazard assessment studies in Mexico

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashad Sawires ◽  
Miguel A. Santoyo ◽  
José A. Peláez ◽  
Raúl Daniel Corona Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Hazard Assessment ◽  
Seismic Hazard Assessment ◽  
Large Earthquake ◽  
Seismic Source ◽  
Earthquake Catalog ◽  
Magnitude Conversion ◽  
Seismic Source Models ◽  
Source Models ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract Here we present a new updated and unified Poissonian earthquake catalog for Mexico. The details about the catalog compilation, the removal of duplicate events, unifying the magnitude scales, removal of dependent events through the declustering process and its completeness analysis are presented. Earthquake and focal mechanism data have been compiled from various local, regional and international sources. Large earthquake events (MW ≥ 6.5) have been carefully revised for their epicentral locations and magnitudes from trusted publications. Different magnitude-conversion relationships, compatible with available local and regional ones, has been established to obtain unified moment magnitude estimates for the whole catalog. Completeness periods for the declustered catalog were estimated for the definition of appropriate seismic source models for the whole territory. The final unified Poissonian earthquake catalog spans from 1787 to 2018, covering a spatial extent of 13° to 33°N and 91° to 117°W. This catalog is compatible with other published catalogs providing basis for new analysis related to seismicity, seismotectonics and seismic hazard assessment in Mexico.

scholarly journals Seismic Hazard Assessment for a Wind Farm Offshore England

Geotechnics ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-31
Author(s):  
Brian Carlton ◽  
Andy Barwise ◽  
Amir M. Kaynia
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Ground Motion ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Seismic Source ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Source Characterization ◽  
North East ◽  
Seismic Source Models ◽  
Source Models

Offshore wind has become a major contributor to reducing global carbon emissions. This paper presents a probabilistic seismic hazard analysis for the Sofia Offshore Wind Farm, which is located about 200 km north-east of England in the southern North Sea and will be one of the largest offshore wind farms in the world once completed. The seismic source characterization is composed of two areal seismic source models and four seismic source models derived using smoothed gridded seismicity with earthquake catalogue data processed by different techniques. The ground motion characterization contains eight ground motion models selected based on comparisons with regional data. The main findings are (1) the variation in seismic hazard across the site is negligible; (2) the main source controlling the hazard is the source that includes the 1931 Dogger Bank earthquake; (3) earthquake scenarios controlling the hazard are Mw = 5.0–6.3 and R = 110–210 km; and (4) the peak ground accelerations on rock are lower than for previous regional studies. These results could help guide future seismic hazard assessments in the North Sea.

Seismic source summary for U.S. underground nuclear explosions, 1971-1973

1975 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald L. Springer ◽  
Ross L. Kinnaman
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Source ◽  
Underground Nuclear Explosions ◽  
Nuclear Explosions ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Surface Collapse

abstract A summary of information is presented for all announced U.S. underground nuclear explosions detonated during the 1971-1973 time period. The data include detonation times, locations, and depths of burial, as well as information about shot media and surface collapse (subsidence) phenomena. This summary is an addendum to a previous publication which covered the period 1961-1970, and includes some additions and corrections to that work.

scholarly journals Vertical force scaling in seismic source models of underground nuclear explosions

2020 ◽  
Vol 221 (1) ◽  
pp. 251-264
Author(s):  
Michael Howe ◽  
Göran Ekström ◽  
Paul G Richards
Keyword(s):  
Surface Wave ◽  
Body Wave ◽  
Scaling Factor ◽  
Body Waves ◽  
Burial Depth ◽  
Vertical Force ◽  
Underground Nuclear Explosions ◽  
Nuclear Explosions ◽  
Seismic Source Models ◽  
Force Scaling

SUMMARY We have reanalysed observations of body waves and surface waves for 71 well-recorded underground nuclear explosions (UNEs) that were conducted between 1977 and 1989 at the Balapan subregion of the Semipalatinsk Test Site in Kazakhstan. To reconcile differences between body-wave and surface-wave amplitudes, we solve for a scaling factor between vertical and horizontal forces in the explosion model. We find that the estimated scaling factor is anticorrelated with the scaled depth of burial for the subset of UNEs at Balapan that have published depths. The observed anticorrelation and the inferred variations in force scaling suggest that recorded surface-wave amplitudes are significantly influenced by UNE burial depth as well as by previously recognized tectonic release. As part of our analysis, we revisit the relationship between teleseismic mb(P) and yield for UNEs at Balapan, and discuss the physical basis for effectiveness of the mb–MS discriminant.

scholarly journals Peruvian Subduction Surface Model for Seismic Hazard Assessments

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 984-995
Author(s):  
Luis Fernando Vergaray Astupina ◽  
Zenón Aguilar B. ◽  
Renzo S. Cornejo
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Polynomial Interpolation ◽  
Interpolation Method ◽  
Seismic Source ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Nazca Plate ◽  
Independent Events ◽  
Seismic Source Models ◽  
Source Models ◽  
Hazard Assessments

Throughout the years seismic hazard calculations in Peru have been developed using area sources models, having to date a great variety of models, however, since they are discretized planar models, they cannot adequately represent the continuity and subduction characteristics of the Nazca Plate. The main objective of this work is the developing of a surface subduction model (SSM), useful for seismic hazard assessments as well as the revision and control of previous models used in this sort of assessments. In this study a spatial interpolation was performed employing the Local Polynomial Interpolation method to capture short-range variation in addition to long-range trends. The data base is based on the compilation of seismic catalogs from Peruvian and international institutions such as the IGP, the USGS, the ISC and others, subsequently, in order to have independent events the elimination of duplicate events, aftershocks and foreshocks was carried out. Then, by interpolation of the focal depths of the independent events, a subduction surface model (SSM) was generated as well as a Standard Error Surface which supports a good correlation of the model. Furthermore, 14 transversal sections of the SSM was employed to compare with the hypocenter’s distributions, evidencing a good correlation with the spatial distribution of the events, in addition to adequately capturing the subduction characteristics of the Nazca Plate. Finally, a comparison was made between 2 Peruvian area models for seismic hazard and SSM developed in the present research, evidencing that seismic source models of the area type have deficiencies mainly in the depths they consider, thus is recommended the use of the present model for future seismic hazard assessments.

scholarly journals Seismic hazard assessment for the Caucasus test area

1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Balassanian ◽  
T. Ashirov ◽  
T. Chelidze ◽  
A. Gassanov ◽  
N. Kondorskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Hazard Assessment ◽  
Seismic Hazard Assessment ◽  
Seismic Source ◽  
Test Area ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Seismicity Rate ◽  
Seismic Catalogue ◽  
Seismic Source Models ◽  
Source Models

The GSHAP CAUCAS test area was established under the INTAS Ct.94-1644 (Test Area for sismic Hazard Assessment in the Caucasus) and NATO ARW Ct.95-1521 (Historical and Prehistorical Earthquakes in the Caucasus), with the initial support of IASPEI, UNESCO and ILP. The high tectonic interest and seismicity rate of the whole area, the availability of abundant multi-disciplinary data and the long established tradition in hazard assessment provide a unique opportunity to test different methodologies in a common test area and attempt to establish some consensus in the scientific community. Starting from the same input data (historical and instrumental seismic catalogue, lineament and homogeneous seismic source models) six independent approaches to seismic hazard assessment have been used, ranging from pure historical deterministic to seismotectonic probabilistic and areal assessment methodologies. The results are here compared.

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