scholarly journals Rates of photosynthesis in leaves of wheat and barley varieties.

1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 188-198
Author(s):  
G. Dantuma
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Leaf Age ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Rate Of Photosynthesis ◽  
The Difference ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Regulation Of Photosynthesis

In 18 cultivars of spring wheat the range of difference in rate of photosynthesis of leaves was 22% (range 325-414 mg co2/cm2h), and in 12 cultivars of spring barley the difference range was 20% (range 284-366 mg CO2/cm2h). Measurement difficulties were initially found because of a high degree of variability within cultivars, but these were partly resolved by improving the conditions under which the plants were grown. Rates of photosynthesis reached a maximum in leaves that had attained their ultimate area, and then decreased gradually with ageing of the leaves. No evidence was found for regulation of photosynthesis by the demand for assimilates; photosynthetic capacity was determined mainly by leaf age. Low N supply and the resulting low protein content of leaves reduced the rate of photosynthesis. In leaves of a given age, but not in leaves of different ages, rate of photosynthesis was correlated with leaf protein content. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

Еstimation of economically useful characteristics and properties of spring barley varieties

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.A. Dedushev ◽  
◽  
M.A. Boldyrev
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Moscow Region ◽  
Low Protein

the quality of spring barley varieties in various directions is evaluated by various methods. Analysis of 9 varieties in the waterlogged year 2020 in the conditions of the Moscow region allowed us to evaluate the best varieties for feed and brewing qualities. For the evaluation of feed barley, the main value is the increased content of protein and essential amino acids, including lysine. Maximum values of protein (13,06%) and lysine (0,44%) were diagnosed as grade Accounting. Brewing requires varieties with a low protein content of up to (12%) and high extractivity (80%). The Reliable variety had the best malt indicators of protein content (10.78%) and extractivity (82.5%).

scholarly journals Effect of Various Barley Steeping Conditions on the Content of Albuminous Substances in the Malt

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-328
Author(s):  
Marina Rostovskaya ◽  
Margarita Boyarova ◽  
Alexey Klykov
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Amino Nitrogen ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Soluble Nitrogen ◽  
Lower Content ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Nitrogenous Substances ◽  
The Difference

Introduction. Malt production requires low-protein barley. Unfortunately, bad environmental conditions often lead to higher protein content than specified in the related standards. The research objective was to study the effect of barley steeping conditions on the level of albuminous substances in malt and to assess the possibility of reducing nitrogenous substances by changing the steeping regime. Study objects and methods. The research featured two varieties of barely, namely “Primorsky 89” and “Primorsky 98”. Both varieties were harvested in 2013, 2015, and 2016 in the Primorye Region of Russia. The protein content in the grain of each variety differed significantly, depending on the year of harvest, and ranged from 1.75% to 2.5%. Two micromalting modes differed only in the steeping time and were performed at 17°C. The malt samples were analyzed for total protein content, total soluble nitrogen, Kolbach Index, and free amino nitrogen. Results and discussion. The “Primorsky 89” variety proved insensitive to a longer steeping time, thus maintaining the same characteristics of the malt. The decrease in the protein level in the malt compared to the raw material was approximately the same for each mode and amounted to 0.3%. The Kolbach Index ranged between 30.31% and 35.1%. The experiment failed to produce the desired degree of dissolution, while the difference in this indicator under various modes was less than 1%. The long steeping mode proved optimal for the “Primorsky 98” variety. An increase in the steeping time made it possible to reduce the content of nitrogenous substances in the malt by 1%, compared to the raw material. Higher initial protein content in the grain resulted in lower content of nitrogenous substances during malting. The long steeping mode also resulted lowered the Kolbach Index by 3%: it was 34.7% – 39.5% for the long steeping mode and 31.1–36.8% for the short steeping mode. Conclusion. The barley variety and the malting method affected the dynamics of nitrogenous substances. For some varieties, a longer steeping period proved to reduce the content of nitrogenous substances in the malt and increase the Kolbach Index.

Comparative Study of Size, Total Protein, Fibrinogen and 5-HT Content of Human and Canine Platelet Density Subpopulations

1986 ◽  
Vol 56 (03) ◽  
pp. 288-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Mezzano ◽  
Eduardo Aranda ◽  
Arnaldo Foradori
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Cell Density ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Unit Volume ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Dense Bodies ◽  
Artifactual Changes ◽  
Platelet Release ◽  
The Difference

SummaryThe size, total protein, fibrinogen and 5-HT content were evaluated in density subpopulations of human and canine platelets fractionated in linear arabinogalactan gradients. The methodology was assessed to ascertain that platelet separation was by density and to discard artifactual changes and platelet release during the procedure. EDTA or PGEi increased the size of human PRP-platelets, but not of dog platelets. In humans, high density (HD) platelets were 1.26 times larger and contained 1.88 times more fibrinogen, 2.23 times more 5-HT and 1.37 times more protein than low density (LD) platelets; in dogs, these density cohorts did not differ in protein content, but LD platelets were 1.29 times larger and had 1.33 times more fibrinogen and 5-HT than HD platelets. These findings suggest that cell density is mostly dependent on the protein content per unit volume of platelets (and not on dense bodies). The differences in fibrinogen and 5-HT content between HD and LD cohorts in humans and dogs may be related to platelet age. The difference in volume between HD and LD platelets in dogs is of uncertain interpretation.

SELECTION WORK TO IMPROVE PRODUCTIVE AND BREWING QUALITIES OF SPRING BARLEY

1970 ◽  
pp. 38-40
Author(s):  
О. V. Levakova ◽  
L. М. Eroshenko ◽  
А. N. Eroshenko
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Extract Content ◽  
Labile Phosphorus ◽  
Loam Soil

The article presents and analyzes data of competitive varietal testing of promising varieties and lines of spring barley for yield and brewing qualities. Field studies were conducted in 2014–2017 on dark gray forest heavy loam soil. Agrochemical parameters are total nitrogen – 0.24%, humus content in a layer of 0-40 cm (according to Tyurin) – 5.19%, hydrolysis nitrogen – 123.5 mg / kg, salt extract pH – 4.92 mg-eq / 100g; labile phosphorus - 34.6 mg / 100g, labile potassium – 20.0 mg / 100g. The forerunner is winter wheat. Meteorological conditions in the years of research differed from each other and from the average long-term value. Barley samples were assessed by the protein content in the grain (GOST 10846-91), extract content (GOST 12130-77), weight 1000 grains (GOST 10842-89). Ecological plasticity was determined by the method proposed by E.D. Nettevich, A.I. Morgunov and M.I. Maksimenko, stability index (Ľ) by A. A. Gryaznov, indicator of stability level (Puss) by E. D. Nettevich and A. I. Morgunov. The main measure for assessing quality indicators is protein content. Many other biochemical and technological features of grain depend on its level. The experimental data convincingly testify to the significant influence of the soil and climatic conditions on the yield and, especially, on the brewing qualities of barley in the conditions of the Central Region of the Nonchernozem Zone. According to the studied traits, new valuable varieties Nadezhny, Sir, Noble and selection lines 141 / 1-09 h 746, 23 / 1-10 h 784, distinguished by high adaptability and resistance to adverse environmental factors, have been identified.

scholarly journals STUDIES ON THE CHEMISTRY OF SEROUS EFFUSIONS

1914 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 334-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert A. Epstein
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Chloride Content ◽  
Normal Blood ◽  
Pleural Effusions ◽  
Albumin Ratio ◽  
Two Fluids ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Comparison Of The Results ◽  
Purulent Fluid

A comparison of the results obtained in the analysis of the different effusions shows that they vary, (1) according to location, and (2) according to the disease in which they are produced. Thus the subcutaneous effusions are totally different in their composition from the abdominal or pleuritic fluids; and again the abdominal fluid of nephritic origin is different from those of cardiac or other origin. The cutaneous effusions are characterized by a very low protein content and a small amount of incoagulable nitrogen. Of the protein present in these fluids, the globulin constitutes the greater portion. In the mixed cardionephritic fluids the ratio of globulin to albumin is lower than that in normal blood serum; but when compared with the blood sera of cardionephritic cases there appears to be a certain parallelism. The chloride content of these fluids is considerably above that found in normal blood serum, but is comparable with those of corresponding cases. The effusions occurring in serous cavities differ from the cutaneous ones by their higher protein content. The highest values are attained in the pleural fluids, in which the protein present is almost the same as that in normal blood serum. The incoagulable nitrogen in these fluids is uniformly low. The chlorides vary in amount according to the nature of the case. In the effusions of inflammatory origin the values are lower than those found in the blood. In the pleural fluids of other than inflammatory origin the chloride content is either the same or higher than that of blood serum. The globulin-albumin ratio in all of these fluids except one (table III, fluid 61) is higher than that of normal blood serum. Otherwise the highest value is presented by a pleural fluid from a case of nephritis (table III, fluid 205) and the lowest by an empyema fluid (table III, fluid 30). The latter case is of especial interest because of the theory, first propounded by Schmidt, that the leucocytes in the purulent fluid are largely responsible for high globulin content. The abdominal fluids in general are less rich in protein than the pleural effusions. Those of cardiac origin give the highest protein values, but the globulin-albumin ratios are lower than in the pleural fluids or in the blood sera of corresponding cases. Only in two fluids does the globulin reach a percentage of 62 and 52.2. In both these cases the chloride content is also high. The incoagulable nitrogen in all of them is rather low. In one fluid of purely nephritic origin the protein content is low and all of it is globulin. This is suggestive, when compared with the values obtained in the analysis of the blood sera from nephritic cases. The results obtained in the analysis of abdominal fluids from cardionephritic cases approach very closely those obtained in purely cardiac cases.

The composition and nutritive value of hay grown in the east of Scotland and the influence of late applications of nitrogenous fertilizers

1954 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. E. Moon
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Sodium Nitrate ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Ryegrass Hay ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
Maintenance Requirements

1. Examination of the composition of hay grown in the east of Scotland during the 4-year period 1948–51 has confirmed earlier work indicating the low protein content of this material. In addition, the digestibility of the protein was found to be low, particularly in the case of the seeds-hays, most of which contained insufficient digestible protein to balance the starch equivalent in meeting the maintenance requirements of cattle.2. In nutritive value the seeds -hays were markedly inferior to samples from England and Wales examined by other workers, but very similar to mature ryegrass hay grown in Northern Ireland. The meadow hays examined were of similar starch equivalent but somewhat richer in protein, and this was associated with a higher digestibility of the protein; in consequence the ratio between digestible protein and starch equivalent was more nearly balanced for the maintenance feeding of cattle.3. Applications of sodium nitrate or ‘Nitrochalk’ about 10–20 days before mowing produced very variable responses in the unusually dry season of 1949, but in other years significant increases in protein content were almost invariably obtained. Low protein seeds-hays of the type commonly found in the Lothians were more responsive to this fertilizer treatment than timothy meadow hay, and while increases in protein content of 20–30% were commonly obtained, when relatively heavy dressings of fertilizer (3 cwt. or more per acre) were used, increases in the region of 50% were sometimes recorded. In most years treatment about 10 days before mowing was fully effective in improving the protein content of the hay. Earlier treatment may be preferable in a very dry season, but in more normal years this may increase the yield of the hay and so diminish the effect on protein percentage.

Effects of variations in dietary protein levels on hair growth and pelt quality in mink (Mustela vison)

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 633-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Palle V. Rasmussen ◽  
Christian F. Børsting
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Hair Growth ◽  
Fibre Length ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Hair Fibre

The effect of different and shifting dietary protein levels on hair growth and the resulting pelt quality in mink was studied. Two groups of pastel female mink were fed either 59% (high protein, HP) or 40% (low protein, LP) of metabolisable energy (ME) from protein during pregnancy and lactation. Shortly after weaning, kits from females fed the LP diet were put on a new LP diet (21% protein of ME). Kits from females fed HP were randomly distributed to four experimental groups fed a new HP diet (34% protein of ME) and three of these groups were shifted to diets with 21% protein at different times during June until September. Skin biopsies were taken at 4, 6, 23 and, 29 wk of age. Histological techniques and computer-assisted light microscopy were used to determine the ratio of activity (ROA) of underfur and guard hairs, respectively, defined as the number of growing hairs as a percentage of the total number of hairs. The hair fibre length and thickness were determined by morphometric methods and correlated with fur properties of dried pelts judged by sensory methods. It was documented that 40% of ME from protein during pregnancy and lactation was sufficient for mink kits to express their genetic capacity to produce hair follicles. In males, a reduced protein level from the age of 15 wk or 22 wk until pelting disturbed moulting, indicated by a low ROA of underfur hairs at 23 wk, and consequently reduced the growth and development of the winter coat. A constantly low protein level from conception until the age of 29 wk did not disturb moulting, but led to a reduction of primeness and especially of the underfur length and fibre thickness of the winter coat. A low protein level from the age of 9 wk only reduced the thickness of the underfur fibres. Hair growth, final fur volume, and general quality of the winter coat of males were influenced negatively and to the same degree in all groups fed the LP diet in part of the growth period. The number of underfur hairs per area (hair density) of the winter coat was not influenced by the dietary treatment meaning that the protein content of 21% of ME in the LP diet was high enough for the mink to express its genetic capacity to develop hair follicles. However, this low protein content led to a reduction of hair fibre length and hair fibre thickness of the underfur. Overall, this study demonstrated that hair growth and hair properties in pelts are very dependent on the dietary protein supply in the period from 22 wk of age until pelting, irrespective of the supply in the preceding periods. Key words: Fur properties, hair fibres, nutrition, pelage, protein requirement

scholarly journals Sensory Acceptability and Proximate Composition of 3-Blend Plant-Based Dairy Alternatives

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 482
Author(s):  
Ama Frempomaa Oduro ◽  
Firibu Kwesi Saalia ◽  
Maame Yaakwaah Blay Adjei
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Acceptance Testing ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Preference Mapping ◽  
Relative Preference ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Hedonic Scale ◽  
Melon Seeds

Limitations of plant-based dairy alternatives as sustainable foods are their relatively low protein content and low sensory appeal. In this study, we used a consumer-led product development approach to improve the sensory appeal of existing prototypes of 3-blend dairy alternatives produced from melon seeds, peanuts and coconut. We used Relative Preference Mapping (RPM) and consumer acceptance testing using the 9-point hedonic scale to respectively identify innovative flavours and deduce the effect of ingredient components on consumer sensory appeal. Mixture design was used as the formulation tool to obtain optimized prototypes of the 3-blend dairy alternatives. Proximate analysis of the new prototypes, instrumental color assessment and consumer testing provided a basis to select a sustainable 3-blend dairy alternative. This prototype had a relatively high protein content (2.16%), was considered innovative by target consumers and also had a moderate liking score (6.55 ± 1.88) on the 9-point hedonic scale. Prototypes with higher protein content had low sensory appeal and were not considered innovative. Other prototypes with innovative sensory appeal had low protein content. By combining different plant raw materials and utilizing different sensory testing methods, we were able to design sustainable plant-based dairy alternatives which can be further optimized.

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