scholarly journals Evaluation of relationship between bone mineral density and fragility fracture in perimenopausal women between 40-58 years of age: a hospital based prospective observational study

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 605
Author(s):  
Arvind Kumar ◽  
Mozammil Pheroz ◽  
Rajesh K. Chopra ◽  
Benthungo Tungoe ◽  
Narendra Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Fragility Fracture ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Left Femur ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Total Hip ◽  
Perimenopausal Women ◽  
Bony Injury

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> At present the risk assessment for osteoporosis using low bone mineral density (BMD) is based on data obtained from elderly females, largely ≥ 65 years of age. The risk factors for low peak bone mass or accelerated bone loss that occurs during perimenopausal phase is ignored in this risk assessment. Osteoporosis is found to occur at a relatively younger age in the Indian population. Although lower BMD values have an established identity as a major risk factor for fractures in postmenopausal women, we endeavour to evaluate relationship between bone mineral density and fragility fracture in perimenopausal women.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> 65 Patients were recruited for the study. After X-ray of involved part, patients were divided into cases (with fracture, n=33) and control (no bony injury, n=32). All patients underwent dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan. Results of DEXA scans were evaluated in both the groups. BMD was expressed in g/cm<sup>2</sup>.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> 33 patients (50.77%) were diagnosed as fracture, 32(49.23%) had no bony injury. Threshold bone mineral density (BMD) for fragility fracture found out asfor L1, cut off ≤0.767. For L2, cut off ≤0.829. For L3, cut off ≤0.811. L4, cut off ≤0.798. For L1-L4, cut off ≤0.845. For left femur total hip, cut off ≤0.918. For left forearm-total, cut off ≤0.411. For right femur total hip-cut off ≤0.795. For right forearm-total, cut-off≤0.382.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Perimenopausal women having BMD below threshold for involved site are at risk of fragility fracture and should be given prophylactic treatment to improve bone mineral density.</p>

scholarly journals Beyond Bone Mineral Density: A New Dual X-Ray Absorptiometry Index of Bone Strength to Predict Fragility Fractures, the Bone Strain Index

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Massimo Ulivieri ◽  
Luca Rinaudo
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Density Distribution ◽  
Bone Strength ◽  
Bone Quality ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Fragility Fracture ◽  
Bone Strain ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Strain Index ◽  
X Ray

For a proper assessment of osteoporotic fragility fracture prediction, all aspects regarding bone mineral density, bone texture, geometry and information about strength are necessary, particularly in endocrinological and rheumatological diseases, where bone quality impairment is relevant. Data regarding bone quantity (density) and, partially, bone quality (structure and geometry) are obtained by the gold standard method of dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Data about bone strength are not yet readily available. To evaluate bone resistance to strain, a new DXA-derived index based on the Finite Element Analysis (FEA) of a greyscale of density distribution measured on spine and femoral scan, namely Bone Strain Index (BSI), has recently been developed. Bone Strain Index includes local information on density distribution, bone geometry and loadings and it differs from bone mineral density (BMD) and other variables of bone quality like trabecular bone score (TBS), which are all based on the quantification of bone mass and distribution averaged over the scanned region. This state of the art review illustrates the methodology of BSI calculation, the findings of its in reproducibility and the preliminary data about its capability to predict fragility fracture and to monitor the follow up of the pharmacological treatment for osteoporosis.

Vertebral morphometric X-ray absorptiometry (MXA): relationship with bone mineral density in perimenopausal women

Maturitas ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivia Louis ◽  
Brigitte Velkeniers ◽  
Luc Van Haelst ◽  
Michel Osteaux
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Perimenopausal Women

scholarly journals Positive Effect of Teriparatide on Areal Bone Mineral Density in Young Women with Anorexia Nervosa: A Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriella Milos ◽  
Hanspeter Moergeli ◽  
Cynthia Sob ◽  
Doris Wisler ◽  
Mariusz Wasila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Fragility Fracture ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Total Hip

AbstractThe present pilot study investigated the effect of Teriparatide 1–34 rh-PTH (TPT) in young women diagnosed with anorexia nervosa (AN), and markedly compromised Bone Mineral Density (BMD). Patients were included who had (i) very low BMD (defined as Z-Score <  − 2.5 or T-Score <  − 2.5 if available) in at least one of the assessed localizations (lumbar spine L1–L4, total hip, femoral neck) without any previous fragility fracture; or (ii) low bone mineral density (defined as Z-Score <  − 1.5 or T-Score <  − 1.5 if available) in at least one of the assessed localizations (lumbar spine L1–L4, total hip, femoral neck) and at least one previous fragility fracture. Ten patients with an age range of 21–33 were recruited and their bone outcome was assessed after 12, 18, and 24 months. After 24 months of TPT treatment, BMD improved by 13.5% in the spine, 5.0% in the femoral neck, and 4.0% in the hip. Radius cortical bone density (− 2.6%) and radius cortical thickness (− 6.4%) decreased significantly, while in tibia there was no significant decrease. Neither in radius nor in tibia a significant change in trabecular bone parameters occurred. During the treatment, the patients’ body weight did not increase significantly. Patients did not experience severe adverse events; only mild side effects were observed. Although these results emerged from a single-arm prospective study, it seems that AN patients with a severely compromised bone situation can benefit from TPT. Larger studies are needed to ascertain the effect of this promising substance.

Increased Bone Accrual in Premenarcheal Gymnasts: A Longitudinal Study

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Gero ◽  
Jacque Cole ◽  
Jill Kanaley ◽  
Marjolein van der Meulen ◽  
Tamara Scerpella
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Total Hip ◽  
Positive Effect

This longitudinal study evaluates the role of impact activity in bone accrual in premenarcheal girls. Twenty-eight gymnasts and 20 controls underwent 1-year analysis; fifteen gymnasts and 8 controls underwent 2-year analysis. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured yearly by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. For the 1-year analysis, BMD accrual rates were greater in gymnasts than controls at the forearm only (p < .05). For the 2-year analysis, gains in BMD were 1.5 to 1.9 times greater at the forearm, total hip, and femoral neck for gymnasts (p < .05). These findings confirm the positive effect of impact activity on bone accrual in premenarcheal girls.

scholarly journals Strong Genetic Effects on Bone Mineral Density in Multiple Locations with Two Different Techniques: Results from a Cross-Sectional Twin Study

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 248
Author(s):  
Marton Piroska ◽  
David Laszlo Tarnoki ◽  
Helga Szabo ◽  
Zsofia Jokkel ◽  
Szilvia Meszaros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Genetic Component ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Total Hip ◽  
Genetic Components

Background and Objectives: Previous studies have demonstrated that risk of hip fracture is at least partly heritable. The aim of this study was to determine the magnitude of the genetic component of bone mineral density (BMD), using both X-ray and ultrasound assessment at multiple sites. Materials and Methods: 216 adult, healthy Hungarian twins (124 monozygotic, MZ, 92 dizygotic, DZ; mean age 54.2 ± 14.3 years), recruited from the Hungarian Twin Registry with no history of oncologic disease underwent cross-sectional BMD studies. We measured BMD, T- and Z-scores with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) at multiple sites (lumbar spine, femoral neck, total hip and radius). Quantitative bone ultrasound (QUS) was also performed, resulting in a calculated value of estimated bone mineral density (eBMD) in the heel bone. Heritability was calculated using the univariate ACE model. Results: Bone density had a strong genetic component at all sites with estimates of heritability ranging from 0.613 to 0.838 in the total sample. Lumbar BMD and calcaneus eBMD had major genetic components with estimates of 0.828 and 0.838 respectively, and least heritable (0.653) at the total hip. BMD of the radius had also a strong genetic component with an estimate of 0.806. No common environmental effect was found. The remaining variance was influenced by unique environment (0.162 to 0.387). In females only, slightly higher additive genetic estimates were found, especially in the case of the femoral neck and total hip. Conclusion: Bone mineral density is strongly heritable, especially in females at all locations using both DEXA and QUS, which may explain the importance of family history as a risk factor for bone fractures. Unshared environmental effects account for the rest of the variance with slight differences in magnitude across various bone regions, supporting the role of lifestyle in preventing osteoporotic fractures with various efficacy in different bone regions.

scholarly journals Assessment of the absorbed dose to organs from bone mineral density scan by using TLDS and the Monte Carlo method

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 289-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Karimian ◽  
Atefeh Hajarizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Monte Carlo Method ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Left Femur ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Femur Bone ◽  
The Monte Carlo Method

Nowadays, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry is used in bone mineral density systems to assess the amount of osteoporosis. The purpose of this research is to evaluate patient organ doses from dual X-ray absorptiometry by thermoluminescence dosimeters chips and Monte Carlo method. To achieve this goal, in the first step, the surface dose of the cervix, kidney, abdomen region, and thyroid were measured by using TLD-GR 200 at various organ locations. Then, to evaluate the absorbed dose by simulation, the BMD system, patient's body, X-ray source and radiosensitive tissues were simulated by the Monte Carlo method. The results showed, for the spine (left femur) bone mineral density scan by using thermoluminescence dosimeters, the absorbed doses of the cervix and kidney were 4.5 (5.64) and 162.17 (3.99)(mGy), respectively. For spine (left femur) bone mineral density scan in simulation, the absorbed doses of the cervix and kidney were 4.19 (5.88) and 175 (3.68)(mGy), respectively. The data obtained showed that the absorbed dose of the kidney in the spine scan is noticeable. Furthermore, because of the small relative difference between the simulation and experimental results, the radiation absorbed dose may be assessed by simulation and software, especially for internal organs, and at different depths of otherwise inaccessible organs which is not possible in experiments.

scholarly journals Do we need to perform bilateral hip bone mineral density examination?

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Annisa Layalia Widjanarko
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
World Health ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Left Femur ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Bone Status ◽  
Bmd Testing

Background: Bone mineral density (BMD) measurement is one of the method for making osteoporosis diagnosis. World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the measurement of BMD conducted at antero-posterior lumbar vertebrae, unilateral hip (femur), and radius. However, there was a concern about osteoporosis under diagnosis if the measurement is only conducted at unilateral hip. Some studies found significant differences of BMD between both femur and evidence of the importance to examine both femur in making the diagnosis of osteoporosis. This study aims to determine anydifference between right and left femur BMD measurement and to investigate the bone status result with measurement of BMD of bilateral femur in Hasan Sadikin General Hospital. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted from June to November 2015. Patients who received dual-femur BMD testing using General Electrics (GE) Lunar Prodigy dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry at the DXA Facility in Hasan Sadikin General Hospital,Bandung between January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2014 were included. Statistical analysis performed to assess the difference and the correlation between theBMD of two femurs (g/cm2). T-scores of the subject were implemented into bone status according to WHO Diagnostic Criteria for Osteoporosis.Results: From sixty-one patients included in this study, there were difference bone status resulted from BMD of the femoral neck, Ward’s triangle, trochanter, andtotal hip area between right and left femur, although no statistically significance were found. There was a positive correlation between BMD of right and left femurat all areas of femur. There were 16 subjects (26.1%) showed combination level of bone status (normal, osteopenia, or osteoporosis in one femur).Conclusion: BMD results in each area of the right and left femurs are different.Therefore, performing bilateral hip BMD examination as a routine measurement for makingdiagnosis of osteoporosis is important.Keywords: Bone Mineral Density, Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry, Femur, Osteoporosis

scholarly journals Association between Body Mass Index and Bone Mineral Density in Patients Referred for Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry Scan in INMAS, Sylhet

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-113
Author(s):  
Kamun Nahar ◽  
Mohammed Mehedi Al Zahid Bhuiyan ◽  
Muhammad Sirazul Munir ◽  
Habibur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Left Femur ◽  
X Ray ◽  
T Score ◽  
Pearson's Correlation

With an aging population, osteoporosis is increasingly becoming a public health concern. Bangladesh has a high incidence of osteoporosis and occurs among a relatively younger age group than in the developed world. There are several factors that could be associated with bone mineral density (BMD). We are keen to determine the association with BMD and BMI. The study was carried out on 152 patients who were referred to INMAS for dual energy X- ray absorptiometry (DEXA) measurement of bone mineral density (BMD) during the periods of January 2018 to July 2019. BMD was measured at right femoral neck and lumbar spines. Data about age and sex, BMI were recorded. Reporting was done according to the T score following WHO criteria. Prevalence were compared using chi-squared tests. Among 152 patients, 84.9% were females and 15.1% were males. Results showed for right femur that normal bone density in 91 (59.1%), osteopenia in 54 (35.1%), osteoporosis in 9 (5.8%) and BMD in spine was normal in 57 (37.0%) osteopenia in 44 (28.6%), osteoporosis in 53 (34.4%). About 60% of the study population was normal weight and others were underweighted or overweighed. Status of BMD was associated with BMI in the lumbar spine and femur. In this study group, total 61.2% and 26.3%were found low BMD in spine and right femur respectively. In age group ≥ 60 years, low BMD in spinewas 72.0% that is 42.29% higher compare to below 60 years’ group (50.6%).Correlation of BMI with lumbar spine T score, right femur and left femur T score were measured by Pearson’s correlation coefficient test. Positive significant Pearson’s correlation was observedbetween BMI with spine T score (r = 0.397; p = <0.001), BMI with right femur T score (r = 0.347; p = <0.001) and BMI with left femur T score (r = 0.382; p = <0.001). Bangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 22(2): 108-113, Jul 2019

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