scholarly journals EPR study of thylakoid membrane dynamics in mutants of the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway of Synechocystis sp. PCC6803.

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kinga Kłodawska ◽  
Przemysław Malec ◽  
Mihály Kis ◽  
Zoltán Gombos ◽  
Kazimierz Strzałka
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Carotenoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Thylakoid Membranes ◽  
Membrane Dynamics ◽  
Biosynthesis Pathway ◽  
Light Regimes ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Splitting Parameter ◽  
Carotenoid Biosynthesis Pathway

EPR spectroscopy using 5-doxylstearic acid (5-SASL) and 16-doxylstearic acid (16-SASL) spin probes was used to study the fluidity of thylakoid membranes. These were isolated from wild type Synechocystis and from several mutants in genes encoding selected enzymes of the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway and/or acyl-lipid desaturases. Cyanobacteria were cultivated at 25°C and 35°C under different light regimes: photoautotrophically (PAG) and/or in light-activated heterotrophic conditions (LAHG). The relative fluidity of membranes was estimated from EPR spectra based on the empirical outermost splitting parameter in a temperature range from 15°C to 40°C. Our findings demonstrate that in native thylakoid membranes the elimination of xanthophylls decreased fluidity in the inner membrane region under optimal growth conditions (25°C) and increased it under sublethal heat stress (35°C). This indicated that the overall fluidity of native photosynthetic membranes in cyanobacteria may be influenced by the ratio of polar to non-polar carotenoid pools under different environmental conditions.

scholarly journals Genome Mining Reveals Two Missing CrtP and AldH Enzymes in the C30 Carotenoid Biosynthesis Pathway in Planococcus faecalis AJ003T

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (24) ◽  
pp. 5892
Author(s):  
Jun Ho Lee ◽  
Jin Won Kim ◽  
Pyung Cheon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Genome Mining ◽  
Carotenoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Biosynthesis Pathway ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Carotenoid Biosynthesis Pathway ◽  
Carotenoid Pathway

Planococcus faecalis AJ003T produces glycosyl-4,4′-diaponeurosporen-4′-ol-4-oic acid as its main carotenoid. Five carotenoid pathway genes were presumed to be present in the genome of P. faecalis AJ003T; however, 4,4-diaponeurosporene oxidase (CrtP) was non-functional, and a gene encoding aldehyde dehydrogenase (AldH) was not identified. In the present study, a genome mining approach identified two missing enzymes, CrtP2 and AldH2454, in the glycosyl-4,4′-diaponeurosporen-4′-ol-4-oic acid biosynthetic pathway. Moreover, CrtP2 and AldH enzymes were functional in heterologous Escherichia coli and generated two carotenoid aldehydes (4,4′-diapolycopene-dial and 4,4′-diaponeurosporene-4-al) and two carotenoid carboxylic acids (4,4′-diaponeurosporenoic acid and 4,4′-diapolycopenoic acid). Furthermore, the genes encoding CrtP2 and AldH2454 were located at a distance the carotenoid gene cluster of P. faecalis.

scholarly journals Genetic Characterization of the Carotenoid Biosynthetic Pathway in Methylobacterium extorquens AM1 and Isolation of a Colorless Mutant

2003 ◽  
Vol 69 (12) ◽  
pp. 7563-7566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Van Dien ◽  
Christopher J. Marx ◽  
Brooke N. O'Brien ◽  
Mary E. Lidstrom
Keyword(s):  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Carotenoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Biosynthesis Pathway ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Methylobacterium Extorquens ◽  
Growth Properties ◽  
Carotenoid Biosynthesis Pathway ◽  
Free Strain

ABSTRACT Genomic searches were used to reconstruct the putative carotenoid biosynthesis pathway in the pink-pigmented facultative methylotroph Methylobacterium extorquens AM1. Four genes for putative phytoene desaturases were identified. A colorless mutant was obtained by transposon mutagenesis, and the insertion was shown to be in one of the putative phytoene desaturase genes. Mutations in the other three did not affect color. The tetracycline marker was removed from the original transposon mutant, resulting in a pigment-free strain with wild-type growth properties useful as a tool for future experiments.

Molecular genetics of the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway in plants and algae

1997 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 2151-2158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Hirschberg ◽  
M. Cohen ◽  
Mark Harker ◽  
Tamar Lotan ◽  
Varda Mann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Genetics ◽  
Carotenoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Biosynthesis Pathway ◽  
Carotenoid Biosynthesis Pathway

Metabolic engineering of Lilium × formolongi using multiple genes of the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 269-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pejman Azadi ◽  
Ntui Valentaine Otang ◽  
Dong Poh Chin ◽  
Ikuo Nakamura ◽  
Masaki Fujisawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Engineering ◽  
Carotenoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Biosynthesis Pathway ◽  
Multiple Genes ◽  
Carotenoid Biosynthesis Pathway

Non-additive phenotypic and transcriptomic inheritance in a citrus allotetraploid somatic hybrid between C. reticulata and C. limon: the case of pulp carotenoid biosynthesis pathway

2009 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
pp. 1689-1697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Baptiste Bassene ◽  
Yann Froelicher ◽  
Claudie Dhuique-Mayer ◽  
Waffa Mouhaya ◽  
Rosa Mar Ferrer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Hybrid ◽  
Carotenoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Biosynthesis Pathway ◽  
Carotenoid Biosynthesis Pathway

scholarly journals Metabolic and transcriptional elucidation of the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway in peel and flesh tissue of loquat fruit during on-tree development

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarita Hadjipieri ◽  
Egli C. Georgiadou ◽  
Alicia Marin ◽  
Huertas M. Diaz-Mula ◽  
Vlasios Goulas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carotenoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Biosynthesis Pathway ◽  
Carotenoid Biosynthesis Pathway ◽  
Tree Development

Overexpression of Thalassiosira pseudonana violaxanthin de-epoxidase-like 2 (VDL2) increases fucoxanthin while stoichiometrically reducing diadinoxanthin cycle pigment abundance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Gaidarenko ◽  
Dylan W. Mills ◽  
Maria Vernet ◽  
Mark Hildebrand
Keyword(s):  
Light Harvesting ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment ◽  
Carotenoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Thalassiosira Pseudonana ◽  
Physiological Data ◽  
Biosynthesis Pathway ◽  
Chloroplast Targeting ◽  
Light Harvesting Complexes ◽  
Carotenoid Biosynthesis Pathway ◽  
Transcriptomic Responses

ABSTRACTDespite the ubiquity and ecological importance of diatoms, much remains to be understood about their physiology and metabolism, including their carotenoid biosynthesis pathway. Early carotenoid biosynthesis steps are well-conserved, while the identity of the enzymes that catalyze the later steps and their order remain unclear. Those steps lead to the biosynthesis of the final pathway products: the main accessory light-harvesting pigment fucoxanthin (Fx) and the main photoprotective pigment pool comprised of diadinoxanthin (Ddx) and its reversibly de-epoxidized form diatoxanthin (Dtx). We used sequence comparison to known carotenoid biosynthesis enzymes to identify novel candidates in the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana. Microarray and RNA-seq data was used to select candidates with transcriptomic responses similar to known carotenoid biosynthesis genes and to create full-length gene models, and we focused on those that encode proteins predicted to be chloroplast-localized. We identified a violaxanthin de-epoxidase-like gene (Thaps3_11707, VDL2) that when overexpressed results in increased Fx abundance while stoichiometrically reducing Ddx+Dtx. Based on transcriptomics, we hypothesize that Thaps3_10233 may also contribute to Fx biosynthesis, in addition to VDL2. Separately using antisense RNA to target VDL2, VDL1, and both LUT1-like copies (hypothesized to catalyze an earlier step in the pathway) simultaneously, reduced the overall cellular photosynthetic pigment content, including chlorophylls, suggesting destabilization of light-harvesting complexes by Fx deficiency. Based on transcriptomic and physiological data, we hypothesize that the two predicted T. pseudonana zeaxanthin epoxidases have distinct functions and that different copies of phytoene synthase and phytoene desaturase may serve to initiate carotenoid biosynthesis in response to different cellular needs. Finally, nine carotene cis/trans isomerase (CRTISO) candidates identified based on sequence identity to known CRTISO proteins were narrowed to two most likely to be part of the T. pseudonana carotenoid biosynthesis pathway based on transcriptomic responses and predicted chloroplast targeting.

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