scholarly journals Pragmatic Properties and Intonation Functions of Spoken Language Final Ending –janha: Focusing on the banmal style of women’s spontaneous speech

2015 ◽  
Vol null (28) ◽  
pp. 165-194
Author(s):  
조민하
Keyword(s):  
Spontaneous Speech ◽  
Spoken Language

Inconsistencies in spoken language

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Borochovsky Bar-Aba
Keyword(s):  
Spontaneous Speech ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Indirect Speech ◽  
Plural Form ◽  
Verb Tense

This paper displays examples of inconsistencies in spontaneous speech. It refers to cases in which the speaker changes his manner of expression while speaking, even though there generally seems to be no objective reason for doing so. I demonstrate the phenomenon in the use of verb tense, of person inflection, of singular/plural form, and of direct/indirect speech. I suggest that these phenomena be viewed as cases in which the speaker tries (not necessarily consciously) to make his speech less monotonous and more attractive to the listener by providing various ways of expression differing mainly in the degree of closeness they convey between the reported event and the addressee.

Searching for standard French: The construction and mining of the Recueil historique des grammaires du français

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shana Poplack ◽  
Lidia-Gabriela Jarmasz ◽  
Nathalie Dion ◽  
Nicole Rosen
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Spontaneous Speech ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Variant Selection ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Form Function ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Quebec French ◽  
Contextual Elements ◽  
Meta Analyses

AbstractThis paper describes a massive project to characterize “Standard French” by constructing and mining the Recueil historique des grammaires du français (RHGF), a corpus of grammars whose prescriptive dictates we interpret as representing the evolution of the standard over five centuries. Its originality lies in the possibility it affords to ascertain the existence of prior variability, date it, and determine the conditions under which grammarians accept or condemn variant uses. Systematic meta-analyses of the RHGF reveal that grammarians rarely acknowledge the existence of alternate ways of expressing the same thing. Instead, they adopt three major strategies to establish form-function symmetry. All involve partitioning competing variants across distinct social, semantic or linguistic contexts, despite pervasive disagreement over which variant to associate with which. This effectively factors out variability. In contrast, systematic analysis of actual language use, as instantiated in the spontaneous speech of 323 speakers of Quebec French over an apparent-time period of a century and a half, reveals robust variability, regularly conditioned by contextual elements which have never been acknowledged by grammarians. This conditioning has remained largely stable since at least the mid-nineteenth century. Taken together, these results indicate that the “rules” for variant selection promulgated by grammarians do not inform the spoken language, nor do grammars take account of the variable rules structuring spontaneous speech. As a result, grammar and usage are evolving independently.

scholarly journals Syntactic Maxi-Accidents in Spontaneous Speech of Middle-Class Speakers of English

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2 (20)) ◽  
pp. 38-49
Author(s):  
Karen Velyan
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Spontaneous Speech ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Native Speakers Of English

Spontaneous spoken language is known to be rich in fragmented and nonintegrated chunks of speech. The latter are the result of syntactic “accidents”, which are indispensible elements of spontaneous talk. Caused by a variety of pragmatic factors, syntactic accidents differ in their formal, lexical, and distributional features. With these features in view, we single out three main varieties of syntactic accidents: 1. maxi-accidents, 2. mini-accidents and 3. micro-accidents, which collectively constitute one whole paradigm. Within the framework of the present article, the main focus of the analysis is on maxi-accidents in spontaneous talk of middle-class native speakers of English. Based on the empirical data, the analysis outlines the key functional properties of maxi-accidents, such as their frequency of occurrence, positional characteristics and pragmatic reasons that lie behind maxi-accidents.

scholarly journals How Software Features and Linguistic Analyses Add Value to Orthographic Markup in Transcription of Multilingual Recordings for Digital Archives

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique Rodriguez ◽  
Robert Vann
Keyword(s):  
Language Contact ◽  
Spontaneous Speech ◽  
Linguistic Analysis ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Digital Archives ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Linguistic Analyses ◽  
Digital Language

This report discusses the importance of accounting for language contact and discourse circumstance in orthographic transcriptions of multilingual recordings of spoken language for deposit in digital language archives (DLAs). Our account provides a linguistically informed approach to the multilingual representation of spontaneous speech patterns, taking steps toward documenting ancestral and emergent codes. Our findings lead to portable lessons learned including (a) the conclusion that transcriptions can benefit from a bottom-up approach targeting particular linguistic features of sociocultural relevance to the community documented and (b) the implication (for researchers developing transcriptions for other DLAs) that the principled implementation of particular software features in tandem with systematic linguistic analysis can be helpful in finding and classifying such features, especially in multilingual recordings.

scholarly journals The effect of nouns and verbs on pausing in spoken language

2020 ◽  
pp. 45-58
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Ishchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Speech Production ◽  
Spontaneous Speech ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Pause Duration ◽  
Conversational Speech ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
Expressive Speech ◽  
Part Of Speech ◽  
Statistical Measures ◽  
Relative Standard

The study analyzes speech pauses of Ukrainian. The research material is the audio texts of spontaneous conversational speech of customarily pronunciation and intonation, as well as non-spontaneous (read) speech of clear pronunciation and expressive intonation. We show a robust tendency for high frequency of pauses after nouns. It suggests that pausing is like a predictor of nouns. The frequency of pausing after verbs is slightly lower. The probability of pause location after any another part of speech is much lower. Generally, pausing can be occurred after words of any grammatical category. These findings spread virtually equally to both spontaneous conversational speech and non-spontaneous speech (clear intonated reading). The effect of nouns on pause occurrence may be caused by universal property of the human language. It is recently accepted that nouns slow down speech across structurally and culturally diverse languages. This is because nouns load cognitive processes of the speech production planning more as compared with verbs and other parts. At the same time, some Ukrainian language features also impact the pausing after nouns (these features are characteristic of other Slavic languages too). This is about a prosodic phrasing of Ukrainian according to that interpausal utterances usually are finalized by nouns (rarely by verbs or other principal parts of speech) which get most semantic load. The pauses do not follow after each noun, because they can be exploited in the speech segmentation in depends on linguistic (linguistic structure of speech), physiological (individuality of speech production, breathing), and psycholingual factors. We suggest that the priming effect as a noun- and verb-inducted psycholingual factor can significantly impact pausing in spoken language. Statistical measures show the following: 430 ms ±60% is the average pause duration of non-spontaneous clear expressive speech, 355 ms ±50% is the average pause duration of spontaneous customarily speech. Thus, pauses of non-spontaneous speech have a longer duration than of spontaneous speech. This is indicated by both the average pause duration means (ms) and the relative standard deviation of pause durations (±%). Keywords: expressive speech, spontaneous speech, phonetics, prosody, speech pauses, pausing, prepausal words, nouns, verbs.

Between the real and the unreal

2007 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-290
Author(s):  
Simona Messina
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Spontaneous Speech ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Research Project ◽  
The Real ◽  
Work In Progress ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Linguistic Reality

In this paper I present a work in progress concerning the mimesis of Italian speech, which is possible to study not only into the two traditional forms of language — written and spoken — but also in broadcast language of tv series. In order to find examples of mimesis of spoken language which are as close as possible to the contemporary linguistic reality, I have excluded all specialised TV programmes which cater for specific contents and sectorial registers and I concentrate on television stories of TV fiction.  Tv fiction can be divided up into various narrative formulae and, depending on the subject matter, in different macrocategories. I have focused my study on a particular kind of fiction based on realistic serial format: family fiction, which narrates the daily life of a family or group of families whose stories become entwined in a succession of petty or major events where the language must necessarily draw on colloquial Italian.  The corpus analysed in this first phase of the research project was taken from two series: La famiglia Benvenuti (1968) and Un medico in famiglia (1998). I have selected a shortlist of phenomena which best match up to the characteristics of spontaneous speech, grouped in four areas of analysis: 1: Register and lexical–grammatical phenomena; 2: Linguistic commonplaces; 3: The polyvalent ‘che’; 4: Mechanisms of segmentation and focalisation.

Style-dependent rules for reduction: Mixed-model multiple linear regression analysis of reduction phenomena in Danish news readings

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-365
Author(s):  
Jan Heegård ◽  
Jacob Thøgersen
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Spontaneous Speech ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Complex Interaction ◽  
Context Word ◽  
General Rules ◽  
Stress Patterns ◽  
Radio News

It has been suggested that Danish is a language particularly prone to spoken language reductions in spontaneous speech. Previous studies have shown that reduction phenomena, in Danish and other languages, are rule-governed by e.g. phonological context, word frequency and stress patterns. This paper analyses two reduction phenomena, those occurring in the endings -edeand -tein a genre of spoken Danish which is particularly resistant to reductions, viz. radio news readings. Its first aim is to establish the reduction rules of formal spoken Danish and compare these with the rules of more informal spoken Danish, e.g. sociolinguistic interviews. Reduction of -teis found to follow the same general rules as in spontaneous speech, although reductions are far less frequent in news readings. Reduction of -edeis found to follow rules different from those of spontaneous speech. The second aim is to investigate whether the reduction rules have changed over the 70 years which the data span. It is found that the rules, and thus the style, have indeed changed. The modern rules appear to be simpler and include less complex interaction effects.

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