Breeding of medicinal and essential oil crops in VILAR: achievements and prospects

This review discusses the main methods of breeding material development, the current state, problems and prospects for medicinal and essential oil plants breeding. The relevance of this area has especially increased due to the sanctions, the resulting shortage of medicinal plants and their low quality, which does not meet the requirements of the pharmaceutical industry. To produce a stable plant raw material base, it is necessary to actively develop a breeding process to create new highly productive varieties of medicinal plants resistant to biotic and abiotic environments. In breeding with the use of modern molecular biological methods, related species and generic complexes of the All-Russian Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (VILAR) collection can be involved, where there is extensive original genetic material of medicinal, essential oil, rare and endangered species. In the breeding of medicinal and essential oil crops, traditional methods of individual and individual-family selection, polyploidy, chemical mutagenesis and a combination of methods to obtain original breeding material are still promising. VILAR has created more than 90 varieties of medicinal and essential oil crops, most of which have been approved for use throughout the Russian Federation.

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Study of the antimicrobial and fungicidal activity of the essential oil Thymus x citriodorus (Pers.) Schreb. var. “Silver Queen”

Current issues in pharmacy and medicine science and practice ◽

10.14739/2409-2932.2021.2.230049 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 211-214

Author(s):

Ya. M. Steshenko ◽

O. V. Mazulin ◽

N. M. Polishchuk

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Fungicidal Activity ◽

Wide Spectrum ◽

Bactericidal Effect ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Raw Material ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Material Base

The main problem of modern phytotherapy is the medicinal plants that have a sufficient raw material base and contain a large number of biologically active substances. Treatment of diseases with synthetic drugs leads to the development of resistance to pathogenic microflora and the appearance of allergic reactions. Therefore, to solve this problem, it is necessary to find new plant-based antimicrobials that are safe for long-term use and have a wide spectrum of action. The aim of the work was to study the antibacterial and fungicidal activity of the essential oil of Thymus x citriodorus (Pers.) Schreb. var. “Silver Queen”. Materials and methods. The essential oil of Thymus x citriodorus (Pers.) Schreb. var. “Silver Queen” was used for the experimental part. To test the antimicrobial and antifungal action of the essential oil, reference test strains, gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, as well as yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida were selected. The studies were performed in vitro using the disco-diffusion method. Results. Studies have shown that the essential oil of Thymus x citriodorus (Pers.) Schreb. var. “Silver Queen” has a significant antibacterial effect against S. aureus ATCC 25923 (diameters of growth inhibition were 14.60 ± 1.52 mm) and fungicidal effect Candida albicans ATCC 885-6530 (29.30 ± 2.82 mm). Antibacterial activity of the essential oil was detected in relation to E. coli (19.60 ± 1.85 mm). It was experimentally proven that the essential oil had no bactericidal effect on the test strain of P. aeruginosa. Conclusions. It was found that the essential oil of the studied hybrid species Thymus x citriodorus (Pers.) Schreb. var. “Silver Queen” shows a significant antibacterial activity and is promising for further research.

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Comparative study of the elemental composition in raw materials of plants of genus Geum L.

Farmatsevtychnyi zhurnal ◽

10.32352/0367-3057.2.21.07 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 70-77

Author(s):

С. А. Козира ◽

Т. М. Гонтова ◽

С. І. Степанова ◽

В. П. Гапоненко ◽

В. В. Машталер ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plants ◽

Comparative Study ◽

Atomic Absorption ◽

Elemental Composition ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Raw Material ◽

Material Base ◽

Plant Raw Materials ◽

Microelement Composition

Among the relevant for the modern pharmacy problems, there is a need for the rational complex use of known medicinal plants, as well as the search for new sources of natural biologically active compounds in order to expand the list of official medicinal plants and raw material base. Species of genus Geum L. contain a number of biological active substances and are promising sources of raw materials for the production of antimicrobial, astringent, anti-inflammatory, and hemostatic medicines. Pharmacological activity of these plants results from their multi-component chemical composition, including tannins, flavonoids, macro- and microelements and other compounds. The aim of thе study was to compare the elemental composition of herb and rhizomes with roots of G. urbanum L., G. aleppicum Jacq. and G. rivale L. of Ukrainian flora. The objects of the study were the samples of herb and rhizome with roots of G. urbanum L., G. aleppicum Jacq. and G. rivale L. (dried raw materials) which were collected in the Kharkiv region, Ruski Tishki village, in June-August 2018–2019. The determination of the qualitative composition and quantitative content of elements was carried out by atomic absorption spectroscopy with atomization in an air-acetylene flame using a spectrometer CAS 120 («Selmi», Sumy, Ukraine). In the studied samples, 19 elements were determined, including 5 macroelements and 14 microelements. The data about accumulation of elements in investigated herb of G. urbanum L., G. aleppicum Jacq., G. rivale L. can be arranged in descending order as follows: K > Ca > Si > Mg > P > Fe > Al > Na > Sr > Zn, and in rhizomes with roots as follows – K > Si > Ca > Mg > Fe > P > Al > Na > Sr > Zn. The content of toxic elements such as cobalt, cadmium, arsenic, and mercury was within the permissible limits for plant raw materials and food. For the first time, a comparative study of the macro- and microelement composition in herb and rhizomes with roots of G. urbanum L., G. aleppicum Jacq. and G. rivale L. has been carried out. Using the method of atomic absorption spectral analysis, 19 elements have been identified and their content has been determined, among which К, Ca, Mg, Si, P, Fe, Al, Na, Mn, Zn predominantly accumulate.

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Medicinal and Aromatic plants: “Natural bio-chemicals and medicine factories”

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES ◽

10.15740/has/ijas/17.2/691-698 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 691-698

Author(s):

Vandana ◽

Rajesh Lather ◽

Sridevi Tallapragada ◽

Gurnam Singh

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plants ◽

Plant Material ◽

Herbal Medicines ◽

Raw Material ◽

World Health ◽

World Population ◽

Special Role ◽

Aromatic Plants ◽

Medicinal And Aromatic Plants ◽

The World

Since thousands years back approximately around 900 BC, medicinal plants are considered as a source of many biomolecules with therapeutic potential. Herbal medicines are considered as safer, better, physiologically compatible and costeffective. The oldest evidence of medicinal and aromatic plants depicts that with the emergence of human civilization, plants have been considered as the main source to heal and cure various serious ailments. It has been proven that the secondary metabolites e.g. alkaloid, glycosides, flavonoides, steroids etc present in the medicinal plants possesses ability to prevent occurrence of some of the diseases, means medicinal plants acts as a “preventive medicine”. Medicinal plants have a paramount importance and a great interest due to its pharmaceutical, cosmetic and nutritional values. Some plants are also considered as an important source of nutrition and are known to have a variety of compounds with potential therapeutic properties. India is the principal repository of large number of medicinal and aromatic plants or we can say India is one of the rich mega-biodiversity countries of the world. Medicinal plants are “backbone” of traditional medicinal system (TMS). Crude drugs are usually dried parts of medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) such as roots, stems, wood, bark, seeds, fruits, flowers, leaves, rhizomes, whole plant etc. that form the essential raw material for the production of medicines in various systems of Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani, Tibatian, Tribal and Homeopathy. According to the survey of the World Health Organization (WHO), about 80% of the world population are using herbs and other traditional medicines for their primary healthcare and have established three kinds of herbal medicines: raw plant material, processed plant material, and herbal products. Now days, variety of available herbs are used throughout the world and they continue to promote good health. As the benefits from medicinal and aromatic plants are recognized, these plants will have a special role for humans in the future. The present review on medicinal and aromatic plants revealed similar combination of studies.

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Comparaison Quantitative Et Qualitative Des Huiles Essentielles De Rosmarinus Officinalis Obtenues Par Différentes Méthodes

European Scientific Journal ESJ ◽

10.19044/esj.2017.v13n21p172 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 13 (21) ◽

pp. 172

Author(s):

Taha EL Kamli ◽

Faouzi Errachidi ◽

Noureddine Eloutassi ◽

Houmane Majid ◽

Rachida Chabir ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Steam Distillation ◽

Physicochemical Characterization ◽

Rotatory Power ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Rosmarinus Officinalis ◽

Raw Material ◽

Medicinal And Aromatic Plants ◽

Middle Atlas

Rosmarinus officinalis is among the most abundant medicinal and aromatic plants in Morocco. There are several factors that influence the yield of quality and quantity of essential oils of this plant. This work focuses on the study, characterization and comparison of the chemical composition of essential oils of Rosmarinus officinalis. The raw material studied is originally from the central part of northern Morocco (Skoura M'Daz region, Eastern Middle Atlas). The essential oils of rosemary were obtained by three different extraction methods : DA: Artisanal distillation, the essential oils were obtained directly from small cooperatives using a very traditional (nonindustrial) method and based on the technique of Steam distillation ; DI: Industrial distillation which is also based on Steam distillation; DC: hydrodistillation by clevenger apparatus Laboratory. The physicochemical characterization of essential oils focuses on the search for the yield of % essential oil with regard to the dry rosemary biomass, density, refractive index and rotatory power. The chemical analyzes were carried out by gas chromatography (GC), they identified 11 components representing more than 99.64% of the essential oil and indicate that the chemotype is 1.8 cineole and is varied according to the method (DI: 48.83%, DA: 41.28% and DC: 51.77%). In conclusion we have shown a quantitative and qualitative loss of essential oils due to the extraction method of essential oils, which has direct repercussions on the economy of rural Morocco and consequently on their sustainable development.

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Crop Yield and Essential Oil Composition of Two Thymus vulgaris Chemotypes along Three Years of Organic Cultivation in a Hilly Area of Central Italy

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26165109 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (16) ◽

pp. 5109

Author(s):

Basma Najar ◽

Luisa Pistelli ◽

Benedetta Ferri ◽

Luciana Gabriella Angelini ◽

Silvia Tavarini

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Central Italy ◽

Raw Material ◽

Major Constituent ◽

Thymus Vulgaris ◽

Oil Composition ◽

Medicinal And Aromatic Plants ◽

Vegetative Development ◽

High Quality ◽

Organic Cultivation

Thymus vulgaris L. is one of the most commonly used medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs), owing to a range of therapeutic properties of its essential oil. Plant growth, biomass yield, essential oil content and composition are influenced by chemotype, environmental conditions, cultivation techniques and vegetative development. Since in MAPs cultivation special attention is paid on high quality of raw material, the adoption of sustainable agriculture methods is of pivotal importance. Therefore, we evaluated the agronomic and qualitative performances of two Thymus vulgaris L. chemotypes, organically cultivated under the Mediterranean climate of hilly lands of central Italy for three consecutive years (2017–2019). Along the trial, total above-ground dry biomass significantly increased from the 1st to 3rd year after planting and large variations in the main biological, biometric and productive traits were observed between the two chemotypes. The ‘thymol’ chemotype EO obviously showed thymol as the major constituent (51.26–49.87%) followed by γ-terpinene and p-cymene. The ‘linalool’ chemotype EO showed high percentages of oxygenated monoterpenes (about 90%) with linalool (75%), linalyl acetate (8.15%) and b-caryophyllene (3.2%) as main constituents. This study highlighted that T. vulgaris can be successfully organically grown in the hilly lands of Tuscany, with interesting biomass and essential oil yields, even though the plants were in the initial years of crop establishment (start in 2017). The introduction of this species into organic cultivation systems could contribute to obtain high-quality raw material, as well as to enhance crop rotation diversification, which is of pivotal importance in the management of organic farms.

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THE PREDICTION OF THE ANTIOXIDATIVE ACTIVITY OF GROSSULARIA RECLINATA LEAVES

"Medical & pharmaceutical journal "Pulse" ◽

10.26787/nydha-2686-6838-2021-23-4-17-22 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 17-22

Author(s):

Sankova M.V. ◽

Nesterova O.V.

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plants ◽

Total Content ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Raw Material ◽

Material Base ◽

Alcohol Extract ◽

Differential Spectrophotometry ◽

Prophylactic Drugs ◽

Promising Source ◽

Active Substances

At present, in order to expand the raw material base, modern phyto-production is most interested in the use of medicinal plants' organs that were not previously used, but containing flavonoids. The Grossularia reclinata leaves, which are a cheap and affordable plant material, can become a promising source for the creation of phytopreparations containing flavonoid compounds. The aim of the study was to identify and quantify the sum of flavonoids' substances in terms of rutin in the Grossularia reclinata leaves. Material and methods. Qualitative reactions were selected to confirm the presence of flavonoids' substances; differential spectrophotometry was used for their quantitative assessment. Results. It was found that the total content of flavonoids in terms of rutin in alcohol extract from these leaves is on average 0.557 ± 0.0061%, which exceeds their content fruits that were used in medicine by 1.86 times. Comparative analysis of the flavonoids' sum of in the medicinal plants' leaves made it possible to determine that this group of biologically active substances in the Grossularia reclinata leaves is represented in greater quantities than in the motherwort herb (0.2%), wormwood (0.3%) and the tripartite series (0 ,five%). Conclusions: The results of the study allow us to consider this plant raw material promising for the production of new therapeutic and prophylactic drugs.

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COMPONENT COMPOSITION OF ESSENTIAL OIL OF MONARDA FISTULOSA L. GRASS FROM THE COLLEC-TION OF NIKITSKY BOTANICAL GARDEN

chemistry of plant raw material ◽

10.14258/jcprm.2018023295 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 55-62

Author(s):

Ангелина (Angelina) Сергеевна (Sergeevna) Никитина (Nikitina) ◽

Аслан (Aslan) Мурадалиевич (Muradalievich) Алиев (Aliyev) ◽

Сергей (Sergej) Александрович (Aleksandrovich) Феськов (Feskov) ◽

Наталья (Natal'ja) Владимировна (Vladimirovna) Никитина (Nikitina)

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Medicinal Plants ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Botanical Garden ◽

Component Composition ◽

Raw Material ◽

Monarda Fistulosa ◽

Aboveground Part ◽

Chromatography Mass Spectrometry

The creation of promising varieties of medicinal plants with useful properties is an actual direction. The acquisition of new highly productive varieties of medicinal plants and their introduction into the culture are successfully implemented in the Nikitsky Botanical Garden, R. Krym. The purpose of this work was to determine the specific features of the essential oil composition of the highly productive varieties Monarda fistulosa L. to determine the prospects of its use in pharmacy and further standardization of raw materials. Essential oil from the aboveground part of Monarda fistulosa L. was obtained by hydrodistillation using the Ginsberg instrument, its content in the raw material reached 2.38% in terms of absolutely dry raw materials. The component composition of essential oil from the aboveground part of the Monarda fistulosa L. was studied by chromatography-mass spectrometry. The presence of 41 components was revealed, 38 of them were identified, the main group being monoterpenes and their derivatives. The highest content of p-cymene, thymol, thymoquinone, thymohydroquinone, carvacrol, γ-terpinene was found in the sample of essential oil. Evaluation of the data of chromatography-mass spectrometry confirms the prospects of using essential oil and Monarda fistulosa L. grass of the assayed variety in pharmaceutical and medical practice as an antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antifungal and immunostimulating agent.

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Development of organic cultivation of medicinal plants in the north india

Herba Polonica ◽

10.2478/hepo-2013-0027 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 59 (4) ◽

pp. 97-107 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Afaq Ahmad Malik ◽

Javed Ahmad ◽

M.Z. Abdin

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plants ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Population Decline ◽

Agricultural Practices ◽

Raw Material ◽

North India ◽

Medicinal And Aromatic Plants ◽

Herbal Products ◽

The North ◽

Organic Cultivation

Abstract Out of 750,000 known plants in the world, a major part are medicinal and aromatic plants - a source of raw material for folk and documented systems of medicines worldwide. The folk and documented medicine in India use about 6,000 plants, although, less than 50 species have been scientifically studied and cultivated to any sizeable extent. The main factor behind the slow pace of domestication of medicinal plants is the absence of knowledge on cultivation practices and lack of suitable technology. About 90% of the medicinal plants for trade are harvested from the wild and the demand for traditional medicinal plants is increasing rapidly. Continuous exploitation of several medicinal plant species from the wild has resulted in their population decline. Hence, an effective strategy is needed for their sustainable utilization and conservation. Cultivation is the most effective way of conservation. Cultivation can also ensure production of standardized raw materials. Thereby, enhances the quality of the manufactured products. The methods and techniques of modern chemical agriculture cannot be adopted for the cultivation of medicinal plants as they should be free from harmful residues. Pesticides and other harmful chemicals have been detected in some herbal products. Hence, to ensure a safe, residue-free and reliable material for use in herbal drug industry, there is an urgent need to adopt strategies for cultivation of medicinal plants that are consistent with principles of good agricultural practices.

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Medicinal Plants: Antibacterial Effects and Chemical Composition of Essential Oil of Foeniculum vulgare

International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Review and Research ◽

10.25258/ijcprr.v8i01.9082 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (01) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Azadeh Foroughi ◽

Pouya Pournaghi ◽

Fariba Najafi ◽

Akram Zangeneh ◽

Mohammad Mahdi Zangeneh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Medicinal Plants ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Screen Test ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Antibacterial Effects ◽

Foeniculum Vulgare

Medicinal plants are considered modern resources for producing agents that could act as alternatives to antibiotics in demeanor of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The aim of the study was to evaluate the chemical composition and antibacterial activities of essential oil of Foeniculum vulgare (FV) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry was done to specify chemical composion. As a screen test to detect antibacterial properties of the essential oil, agar disk and agar well diffusion methods were employed. Macrobroth tube test was performed to determinate MIC. The results indicated that the most substance found in FV essential oil was Trans-anethole (47.41 %), also the essential oil of FV with 0.007 g/ml concentration has prevented P. aeruginosa and with 0.002 g/ml concentration has prevented B. subtilis from the growth. Thus, the research represents the antibacterial effects of the medical herb on test P. aeruginosa and B. subtilis. We believe that the article provide support to the antibacterial properties of the essential oil. The results indicate the fact that the essential oil from the plant can be useful as medicinal or preservatives composition.

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