Measurement and Sources of Income Inequality among Rural and Urban Households in Tamil Nadu

Food is a basic part of our existence and nourishes the body. The Indian consumer underwent a remarkable transformation in their consumption pattern. Food consumption and expenditure on different commodities is an important area of research for economists. The NSSO data (68th round) was used to derive different demand elasticity for different food groups in Tamil Nadu. The income elasticity derived from the Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System model revealed that the food group, milk and vegetables are necessary goods in rural households but luxury goods in urban households. The meat was necessary good in urban households but luxury goods in rural households. The uncompensated own price elasticity showed the demand reacted elastically to own price changes for meat, edible oils, and nuts in rural households, milk, egg, vegetables, fruits, nuts and oil in urban households. The uncompensated cross-price elasticity showed milk and beverages were substitutes in both rural and urban households. Similarly, meat and egg in rural, milk and egg, fruits and nuts in urban households were substitutes. The compensated own price elasticity showed nuts and oil in rural and urban households, meat in rural and milk, egg, vegetables and fruits in urban households, were elastic to the price change. The compensated cross-price elasticity showed, fruits, and nuts, egg and meat, meat and fish, appeared to be moderately strong substitutes, cereals and vegetables were complements in rural households, whereas vegetables and edible oils, fruits and vegetables, were substitutes, the commodity group’s fruits and nuts, milk, and egg, were complements in urban households of Tamil Nadu. The study recommended policies such as appropriate technology development to enhance the productivity of oilseeds and meticulous planning of the quantum of edible oil to be imported and rationalization of distribution of edible oils through Public Distribution System, exclusively to the households living under the poverty line to meet the growing demand for edible oil.

Download Full-text

Measurement and Sources of Income Inequality Among Rural and Urban Households in Nigeria

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.3173198 ◽

2006 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Abayomi Oyekale ◽

Adetola Ibidunni Adeoti ◽

Tolulope Olayemi Oyekale

Keyword(s):

Income Inequality ◽

Urban Households ◽

Rural And Urban

Download Full-text

INCOME INEQUALITY OF POLISH RURAL AND URBAN HOUSEHOLDS IN 2010-2017

Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0013.7776 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol XXII (1) ◽

pp. 360-368

Author(s):

Andrzej Wołoszyn ◽

Feliks Wysocki

Keyword(s):

Income Inequality ◽

Rural Households ◽

Total Income ◽

Large Cities ◽

Urban Households ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

Central Statistical ◽

Central Statistical Office ◽

Identifiable Data ◽

Group Inequality

The aim of the study was to assess the level of income inequality of rural households against other classes of household residence: small, medium and large cities. The assessment of intra-group or internal inequality was based on Theil-L and Theil-T indices. Inter-group inequality was measured summarily by the inter-group (or ‘between’) component in the Theil decomposition, and more verbosely by income disparity analysis. Research drew on individual, non-identifiable data from the “Household Budget Survey”, carried out by the Central Statistical Office in 2010, 2015 and 2017. It was found that despite rising income, rural households were still the poorest of all residence classes and lagged far behind average Polish households. Their internal income inequality was, throughout the study period, higher than in classes of households living in small-sized and medium-sized towns. This class was also most responsible for total income inequalities in Polish households.

Download Full-text

Effects of Subsidy on Food Consumption Pattern in Rural and Urban Households of Western Tamil Nadu, India

International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ◽

10.20546/ijcmas.2017.604.249 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 2112-2124

Author(s):

M. Uma Gowri T.R. Shanmugam

Keyword(s):

Food Consumption ◽

Tamil Nadu ◽

Consumption Pattern ◽

Urban Households ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

Food Consumption Pattern

Download Full-text

Econometric Analysis of Returns to Education of Rural and Urban Labour Markets Workers in Tamil Nadu

Indian Journal of Economics and Development ◽

10.35716/ijed/20023 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 336-344

Keyword(s):

Wage Inequality ◽

Tamil Nadu ◽

Returns To Education ◽

Labour Markets ◽

Wage Distribution ◽

Rural Market ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

Rate Of Returns ◽

Education Groups ◽

Quantile Regression Method

The objective of this study was to empirically evaluate the returns to education of rural and urban labour markets workers in Tamil Nadu using the IHDS data with appropriate Econometric models. First, the present study estimated the earning functions of the rural and urban market's workers by OLS technique and standard Mincerian earning functions. Secondly, the quantile regression method was also used to examine the evolution of wage inequality. The findings of the study showed that the effects of education and experience on the log of hourly wages were positive, and these coefficients were statistically significant. The returns to education increased with the level of education and differed among the workers of rural and urban labour markets. The results showed that the rates of returns to primary, middle and higher secondary were higher in the urban market, whereas those of secondary and graduation were higher in the rural market. The study revealed that the effect of education was not the same across the rural and urban wage distribution. The rate of returns differed considerably within education groups across different quantiles of the wage distribution.

Download Full-text

INCOME AS A SOURCE OF HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT IN RURAL AREAS

EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA ◽

10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2020.10.02.009 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (10) ◽

pp. 58-63

Author(s):

O. N. KUSAKINA ◽

◽

S. V. SOKOLOV ◽

Keyword(s):

Human Capital ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Economic Conditions ◽

Place Of Residence ◽

Human Capital Development ◽

Urban Households ◽

Average Structure ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

Consumer Expenditures ◽

Capital Development

The article is devoted to research of dynamics of disposable resources of rural and urban households; components of disposable resources of households depending on the place of residence (per household member on average); structure of consumer expenditures of rural households based on official statistics for 2018–2020. The presented findings may serve as a basis for justifying the trends in social and economic conditions necessary for the growth of human capital in rural areas.

Download Full-text

Water in the economy of Tamil Nadu, India: more flexible water allocation policies offer a possible way out of water-induced economic stagnation and will be good for the environment and the poor

Water Policy ◽

10.2166/wp.2006.0001 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Ramesh Bhatia ◽

John Briscoe ◽

R. P. S. Malik ◽

Lindy Miller ◽

Smita Misra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Allocation ◽

Water Policy ◽

Tamil Nadu ◽

Economic Value ◽

The State ◽

Allocation Policy ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

State Income ◽

Important Exception ◽

The Impact

The state of Tamil Nadu, India, is in the grips of a water crisis, with demand far outstripping supply. As the economy of the state grows, this crisis is going to become ever more serious. To date the focus of state water policy has been on trying to augment supplies, from within the state (even from desalinization) and from neighboring states. In addition, the water use is regulated in a way that does not encourage the highest value uses. International experience shows that supply-side measures must be complemented by demand-side measures and that practice must move away from fixed, command-and-control allocation policies towards flexible allocation mechanisms, which facilitate the voluntary movement of water from low to high-value uses. This study addresses the question of whether such a change in allocation policies is worth doing. It addresses this question by developing optimization models for each of the 17 river basins in Tamil Nadu (including an assessment of the economic value of water in different end-uses – agriculture, domestic and industry), then using an input–output model embedded in a social accounting matrix (SAM), to assess the impact of these changes on the state economy and on different rural and urban employment groups. The results suggest that a shift to a flexible water allocation system would bring major environmental, economic and social benefits to the state. Compared with the current “fixed sectoral allocation” policy, a flexible allocation policy would, in 2020, result in 15% less overall water used; 24% less water pumped from aquifers; 20% higher state income; with all strata, rich and poor, benefiting similarly, with one important exception, that of agricultural laborers.

Download Full-text