scholarly journals Bud Chip Method: A Potential In vitro Technology for Bajra-napier Hybrid (Pennisetum glaucum L. X P. purpureum Schum.) for Sett Multiplication

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Senthilkumar ◽  
A. Paramasivam ◽  
M. Ramachandran
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Single Node ◽  
Chip Technology ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Red Earth ◽  
Bud Chip

Background: Forages of high quality are the most valuable commodity of any livestock activity and they serve as the basis for most of the rations in a forage-based diet. The lack of good quality seedlings/seeds, notably improved varieties, is the primary reason for the slow adoption of improved forage production technologies. Traditional establishment of bajra napier forage incurs more labour costs, harvesting sett material, transporting, preparing two budded setts and carrying to the planting area. Nearly three to four tons of green leaves stem materials are wasted for planting one hectare of area. In this situation, an alternate method is required to produce high-quality seedlings in a short period. This research objective compared single node bud chip seedling in different protray cell cavities and pot mixtures. Methods: The green shade net field study was carried out between 2019 and 2020, the effect of different pro-tray sizes (50, 60 and 98 cell cavities) and potting mixture (red earth, cocopeat, farmyard manure, vermicompost and root growth promoters like phosphobacteria bio-fertilizer and indole acetic acid (IAA) was taken in different combination for the establishment of Bajra Napier hybrid variety Co (BN)-5 seedling by using single node bud chip technology. The observation was taken up to 30 days in related to seedling growth and development. The observed parameter was statistically analysed in SPSS software. Result: Among the three different protray cavities and five different pot mixtures, 60 cavity protray with red earth + cocopeat + vermicompost (2:1:1) results revealed significant differences (p greater than 0.05) in seedling growth parameters among the different protray and growing media. The maximum seedling growth parameters like germination, numbers of the leaf, plant height, leaf length, width and root length (94.4 per cent, 8.17, 39.12 cm, 38.14 cm, 2.5 cm and 30.8 cm) were observed at 30 days aged seedlings followed by red earth + cocopeat + farmyard manure (2:1:1 ratio) and treated with IAA substance in 60 cavity protray.

Study on moderating influence of FYM on pH of nursery medium for raising Teak stumps

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-12
Author(s):  
Poomaruthai Masilamani ◽  
P. Saravanapandian ◽  
K. Annadurai ◽  
Velanganni Albert
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Farm Yard Manure ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Red Earth ◽  
Chemical Attributes ◽  
One Year ◽  
Secondary Roots

A study was conducted to find out the influence of soil pH on sprouting and survival of one year old Teak (Tectona grandis L. f.) stumps. The stumps were planted in different pH of the soil (8.1, 9.0, 10.2 and 10.5) along with red earth, sand and farmyard manure mixture. Twenty eight days after planting the results revealed that stumps planted in soil with a pH of 8.1 + sand + farmyard manure at 2:1:1 ratio gave more number of sprouts (2.35), leaves (11.10), secondary roots (4.42) and dry matter production (4.11 mg seedling–1) per stumps, which was on par with stumps planted in 10.2 pH soil + sand + farm yard manure mixture. Stumps planted in higher soil pH (10.5) alone inhibited the seedling growth. The species is able to tolerate extreme soil pH of 10.5, when the soil is mixed with sand and farmyard manure at 2:1:1 ratio, in terms of survival, seedling growth and chemical attributes of 180 days old seedlings.

A Process of Glocalisation? Roman Marble Imports and the Rise of Blocked-Out Capitals in Local Stone

2020 ◽  
pp. 33-45
Author(s):  
Matthias Grawehr
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
High Quality ◽  
White Marble ◽  
Aesthetic Preference ◽  
Local Responses ◽  
Global Trend ◽  
Short Period ◽  
New Type ◽  
Local Materials

In the Augustan Age, a new aesthetic preference was propagated in the Roman Empire – the surface of white marble was valued as it symbolised the strength and superiority of the ‘new age’. Soon, an immense trade in high quality marble over land and sea developed to meet the emergent demand. While the development and scale of this trade is well studied, the repercussions that the new aesthetic preference had on the local architectural traditions in areas where no marble was close at hand is not commonly considered. In this contribution, two developments are traced, taking the Corinthian capital as the leitmotif. First, in the short period between c. 40 and 10 BC, patrons would choose imitation of marble in plaster to meet up with the demands of the new standard and to demonstrate their adherence to the Empire. In the second line of development, a different path was taken – a conscious use of local materials which went hand in hand with the development of a new type of capital, the so-called ‘Nabataean blocked-out’ capital. This combination turned into a new vernacular tradition across large parts of the eastern Mediterranean. Both developments were local responses to a new ‘global’ trend and can therefore be viewed as a phenomenon of glocalisation in the Roman Period.

Electronic structure of short-period ZnSe/ZnTe superlattices grown by MOVPE at 300ºC

1993 ◽  
Vol 308 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Briot ◽  
T. Cloitre ◽  
O. Briot ◽  
P. Boring ◽  
B.E. Ponga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Temperature ◽  
Lattice Mismatch ◽  
Stokes Shift ◽  
Vapour Phase ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Vapour Phase Epitaxy ◽  
Light Emitting Devices ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Movpe Growth

ABSTRACTThe ZnSe-ZnTe combination is a potential candidate for the realisation of visible light-emitting devices. The lattice mismatch between bulk ZnSe and bulk ZnTe is important (∼ 8%). Therefore, their hetero-structures are strained and high quality superlattices will only be grown if having small periods. This prescription can be fulfilled in the case of metal organic vapour phase epitaxy (MOVPE) growth by combining triethylamine dimethyl zinc adduct with di-isopropyl telluride as precursors for the growth of the ZnTe layers. The growth of high quality ZnTe can then be performed at a temperature of 300ºC , close to the best MOVPE-growth temperature for ZnSe (280ºC). Lowering the growth temperature of ZnTe to this value, we could thus obtain sharp interfaces. This work reports on ZnSe-ZnTe superlattices grown on ZnSe and ZnTe buffers deposited on GaAs substrates. We demonstrate that the stokes-shift between the reflectance and photoluminescence features ( ∼ 40 meV ) measured when the thickness of ZnSe layers does not exceed 20 Å, drastically increases for layer thicknesses beyond this critical value. This, we interpret in terms of the onset of plastic relaxation which favours tellurium diffusion in the ZnSe slices. Then photoluminescence spectra broaden ( contributions of trapped-excitons dominate), and observation of free excitons in reflectance become impossible. We have studied in detail the optical properties of the superlattices and compared our findings with the predictions of a multiband envelope function calculation. We show that both zone centre excitons as well as excitons associated with the miniband dispersions (saddle-point excitons) are observed in these superlattices.

REFORM OF LEGAL REGULATION OF REMOTE WORK AS A STIMULATION FOR ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT IN RUSSIA

2020 ◽  
pp. 136-143
Author(s):  
Maria A. Andrianova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Labor Law ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Remote Work ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Quality Work ◽  
Entrepreneurship Development ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The World ◽  
Work Done ◽  
Usual Order

The pandemic has created many difficulties for entrepreneurs around the world, including in Russia. As you know, difficulties, disrupting the usual order, can give impetus for radical changes that would not have a chance to be realized in times of peace and prosperity. It seems that remote mode is not suitable for all forms of employment, but if initially the employer assumes such an opportunity, the main problem is not the lack of the ability to control the employee, but ensuring effective communication with him and the ability to timely obtain the results of high-quality work done. It is noted that this goal can be achieved with the help of greater detail in local regulations of the order and conditions of interaction between the employee and the employer. One of the most promising consequences of the pandemic has been the reform of the legal regulation of remote work. In a very short period of time, remote work in Russia from an unviable rudiment has become one of the most progressive institutions, which has every chance of making all labor law more flexible and effective. Such labor law will undoubtedly become one of the incentives for the development of entrepreneurship in Russia.

scholarly journals Assessment on the Effects of Potting Media on Seed Germination and Early Seedling Growth of Pterocarpus erinaceus Poir

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 969-975
Author(s):  
M.K. Peter ◽  
SIN Agera ◽  
J.I. Amonum
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Early Seedling Growth ◽  
Top Soil ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
Potting Media ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Poultry Droppings

This study investigated the effects of potting media on seed germination and early seedling growth of Pterocarpus erinaceus Poir at the Forestry Nursery in Jos, Nigeria. Using Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replicates, laboratory-tested soil samples, top soil, sharp sand, sharp sand + top soil, sharp sand + top soil + cow dung and sharp sand + top soil + poultry droppings were used in various combinations to assess the growth parameters of P. erinaceus (germination percentage, emergence, plant height, number of leaves, length of leaves and stem diameter) for 12 weeks. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed to analyze collected data. Result indicated that sharp sand + top soil + poultry droppings had the highest nitrogen concentration (2.19%), sharp sand + top soil + cow dung (2.07%), sharp sand + top soil (1.50%), top soil (0.72%) and Sharp sand (0.38%). Potting media with poultry droppings recorded an overall higher percentage germination of 42.9% by the end of the germination period. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) of collected data on combined soil aggregate on growth parameters indicated a significant (p<0.05) difference in plant height, number of leaves, leaf length and stem diameter. Potting with poultry dropping gave the best potting media growth results when compared to other treatments that enhanced seed germination and seedling growth of P. erinaceus. This superior observation of the poultry droppings incorporated potting mixtures over the cow dung provides an outstanding potentials to enhance P. erinaceus plantation establishment. Consequently, recommended for raising seedlings in the nursery as well as ensuring sustainable management.

scholarly journals The Use of Germination Indices for Salinity Tolerance Classification of Pepper Cultivars

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 1304
Author(s):  
Gamze Kaya
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
Germination Indices

The study aimed to evaluate the use of germination indices as a screening tool for salinity tolerance during germination and early seedling growth of pepper cultivars, and to distinguish the potential for genetic responses to salt tolerance. In the study, the seeds of seven pepper cultivars were germinated at increasing NaCl levels of 5, 10, 15 and 20 dS/m and distilled water as the control treatment for 14 days. Germination percentage (GP), mean germination time (MGT), germination index (GI), germination stress tolerance index (GSTI), seedling length (SL), seedling fresh weight (SFW) and vigor index (VI) were investigated. Results showed that germination percentage decreased with increasing NaCl levels while the highest germination percentage at 20 dS/m was 92% in BT Burdem with no significant reduction. Seedling growth of pepper cultivars was severely inhibited by increasing salinity stress. SFW was depressed depending on reduction in SL due to increasing NaCl. BT-Burli and BT İnce Sivri were the most tolerant cultivars to NaCl and they were used for genetic resources towards salinity. Seedling growth was much more sensitive to salinity than germination because of the highest percent reduction in seedling growth parameters. Among the parameters, GSTI gave the highest significant correlation coefficient with SL and SFW; indicating that it would be useful for estimating seedling growth. It was concluded that genotypic variation was observed among pepper cultivars for salinity tolerance and GSTI could be used for a predictor for salinity tolerance.

scholarly journals Effect of Different Sowing Media on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of (Golden Shower Tree) Senna fistula L

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1547-1550
Author(s):  
O.A. Majekodunmi ◽  
I.O. Abiola ◽  
A.M. Aderemi ◽  
J.O. Adedipe ◽  
O.G. Ogunwale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
River Sand ◽  
Coconut Husk ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Top Soil ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Emergence Percentage ◽  
Level Of Significance

This study investigated the effect of sowing media on the seed germination and subsequent seedling growth of Senna fistula L. Treatments were T1 (Top soil), T2 (River sand), T3 (Grinded coconut husk) and T4 (weathered sawdust), replicated two times for seed germination. The treatments were arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) and the data generated was subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) at 5% level of significance, while mean separation where appropriate was done using Least Significant Difference (LSD). The different sowing media used had positive effect on the seed emergence, the seeds planted in river sand had the highest emergence percentage of 70%. The different sowing media used did not have any significant effect on the vegetative growth parameters, statistically, they had same effect on the parameters measured. Nonetheless, seedlings from river sand produced highest number of leave (20.4), seedlings from topsoil produced highest plant height and largest leaf area of l0.62 cm and 37.l4 cm2 respectively. The seedlings from weathered sawdust produced the highest stem diameter of 0.79 mm, while seedlings from grinded coconut husk had lowest values for all the growth parameters measured. Therefore, it is recommended that river sand or weathered sawdust can be used to propagate Senna fistula seeds.

scholarly journals Quality Improvement of White Pepper with Processing through Optimizing the Ratio of Starter Culture from Acetobacter sp., Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus cereus

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-96
Author(s):  
Kirana Sanggrami Sasmitaloka ◽  
Hernani Hernani
Keyword(s):  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Starter Culture ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Soaking Time ◽  
White Pepper ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Study Characteristics ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Fermentation process using known microbial species can be exploited for the processing of white pepper. It is expected to generate quality of white pepper in a short period soaking time. This research aimed to study characteristics of white pepper through a fermentation process by addition of combination isolates of Acetobacter sp., B. subtilis, and B. cereus. After threshing, 2 kg of fresh pepper berries was soaked in water mixed with starter culture. The experiment used a completely randomized design, two replications. The treatment consisted of: A) starter culture ratio of Acetobacter sp.: B. subtillis: B. cereus (A1 = 0:0:0; A2 = 1:1:1; A3 = 2:1:1; A4 = 1:2:1; and A5 = 1:1:2) and soaking time (B1 = 5 and B2 = 7 days). Fermented pepper was decorticated, washed, and dried. The best treatment was fermented for 7 days with the combination isolates of Acetobacter sp., B. subtilis, and B. cereus with ratio 2:1:1. This condition produced white pepper in fulfilling in requirement of SNI standards with piperine and essential oil contents and TPC of 5.95%, 2.95% and 1.1 x 102 CFU/g, respectively. This process is expected to generate high quality of white pepper in a short soaking time.

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