Effects of eprinomectin administration on apoptosis, acute phase response and antioxidant status in cattle

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Aksit ◽  
D. Aksit
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Acute Phase Response ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Total Antioxidant Status ◽  
Phase Response ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Group 2

Eprinomectin is a broad spectrum endectocides used against gastrointestinal, pulmonary nematodes and ectoparasites in cattle. The main objective of the present study was to investigate effects of eprinomectin in cows following subcutaneous and pour-on administrations; on serum DNA apoptosis, acute phase response, Total Antioxidant Status (TAS), total protein, creatinine, urea levels, and AST, ALT and GGT activities. Ten Holstein cows were divided into two groups. Group 1 received subcutaneous (0.2 mg/kg) and group 2 received pour-on (0.5 mg/kg) administration of eprinomectin. Blood samples were collected from vena jugularis prior to and following the drug administration at intervals of 36 hrs, 3rd, 6th, 12nd and 20th days, respectively. Samples were centrifuged at 2500 g for 15 minutes and separated sera stored at -20 ºC. Results showed that the eprinomectin application decreases the sera levels of acute phase proteins. Statistically significant increase was observed in antioxidant capasity (P less than 0.05) and total protein (P less than 0.01). However, there was non-significant increase in apoptosis rate. No remarkable alterations were observed in AST, ALT and GGT activities including urea and creatinine levels. Results showed that the eprinomectin application reduces the sera levels of acute phase proteins (ceruloplasmin and sialic acid) in cows. However, statistically significant increase was measured in antioxidant capasity (P less than 0.05) and total protein (P less than 0.01) levels. It could be concluded from the study that eprinomectin do not have adverse effects on liver and kidney.

Immune Alterations, Lipid Peroxidation, and Muscle Damage Following a Hill Race

2005 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Simpson ◽  
Martin R. Wilson ◽  
James R. Black ◽  
James A. Ross ◽  
Greg P. Whyte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Acute Phase Response ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Total Antioxidant Status ◽  
Phase Response ◽  
Tnf Α

Hill races usually include large downhill running sections, which can induce significant degrees of muscle damage in a field setting. This study examined the link between muscle damage, oxidative stress, and immune perturbations following a 7-km mountainous hill race with 457 m of ascent and 457 m of descent. Venous blood samples were taken from 7 club level runners before, immediately after, and 48 hrs postrace. Samples were analysed for total and differential leukocyte counts, markers of muscle damage (CK), lipid peroxidation (MDA), and acute phase proteins (CRP; fibrinogen; α-1-ACT). The total antioxidant status (TEAC) and plasma levels of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α were also determined. Subjective pain reports, and plasma activities of CK, MDA, and circulatory monocytes reached peak values at 48 hrs postrace (p <  0.05). TEAC and the cytokine IL-8 increased immediately after the race (p <  0.05). Plasma TNF-α remained unchanged (p > 0.05). Despite the reports of muscle damage and soreness, no evidence of an acute phase response was observed (p > 0.05), which may be explained by the failure of the race to induce a plasma TNF-α response. Future studies should examine the link between muscle damage, oxidative stress, and the acute phase response following hill races of longer duration with larger eccentric components. Key words: acute phase response, cytokines, antioxidant capacity, creatine kinase, field study

The acute phase response and C-reactive protein

2020 ◽  
pp. 2199-2207
Author(s):  
Mark B. Pepys
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Acute Phase Response ◽  
Serum Amyloid A ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Phase Response ◽  
Serum Amyloid ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Serum Amyloid A Protein

The acute phase response—trauma, tissue necrosis, infection, inflammation, and malignant neoplasia induce a complex series of nonspecific systemic, physiological, and metabolic responses including fever, leucocytosis, catabolism of muscle proteins, greatly increased de novo synthesis and secretion of a number of ‘acute phase’ plasma proteins, and decreased synthesis of albumin, transthyretin, and high- and low-density lipoproteins. The altered plasma protein concentration profile is called the acute phase response. Acute phase proteins—these are mostly synthesized by hepatocytes, in which transcription is controlled by cytokines including interleukin 1, interleukin 6, and tumour necrosis factor. The circulating concentrations of complement proteins and clotting factors increase by up to 50 to 100%; some of the proteinase inhibitors and α‎1-acid glycoprotein can increase three- to fivefold; but C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid A protein (an apolipoprotein of high-density lipoprotein particles) are unique in that their concentrations can change by more than 1000-fold. C-reactive protein—this consists of five identical, nonglycosylated, noncovalently associated polypeptide subunits. It binds to autologous and extrinsic materials which contain phosphocholine, including bacteria and their products. Ligand-bound CRP activates the classical complement pathway and triggers the inflammatory and opsonizing activities of the complement system, thereby contributing to innate host resistance to pneumococci and probably to recognition and safe ‘scavenging’ of cellular debris. Clinical features—(1) determination of CRP in serum or plasma is the most useful marker of the acute phase response in most inflammatory and tissue damaging conditions. (2) Acute phase proteins may be harmful in some circumstances. Sustained increased production of serum amyloid A protein can lead to the deposition of AA-type, reactive systemic amyloid.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF RED ONION (ALLIUM CEPA VAR. AGGREGATUM G. DON) ON SERUM URIC ACID LEVEL AND TOTAL ANTIOXIDANT STATUS IN NORMAL AND INDUCED HYPERURICEMIC RATS

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 178
Author(s):  
Asmah Rahmat ◽  
Choo Yen Leng ◽  
Fazleen Izzany Abu Bakar ◽  
Mohd Fadzelly Abu Bakar
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Serum Uric Acid ◽  
Uric Acid Level ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Acid Level ◽  
Serum Uric Acid Level ◽  
Total Antioxidant Status ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Liver And Kidney

 Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of onion (Allium cepa var. aggregatum G. Don) on serum uric acid level and total antioxidant status of normal and induced hyperuricemic rats.Methods: A total of 36 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided equally into six groups, and 250 mg/kg of potassium oxonate was injected intraperitoneally on day 1, 3, and 7 to induce hyperuricemia in rats. 7 d consecutively of treatment were given to the rats by oral gavage. Serum uric acid level was measured 2 h after the induction on day 1, 3, 7, and 14. Blood plasma was obtained at day 14 to measure its total antioxidant status. The rats were sacrificed by taking out their liver and kidney for histopathological evaluation.Results: The results showed that onion juice lowered the serum uric acid level in dose-dependent manner. The highest dose (10.5 g/kg/day) appeared to possess the inhibitory effect almost similar to allopurinol. There was an increase in total antioxidant status in a hyperuricemic group treated with onion juice compared to control groups but insignificant. By viewing the histological profile, onion showed to have a protective effect toward the liver damage by hyperuricemia. However, this was not happened in kidney.Conclusion: Onion lowered the serum uric acid level, but its protective effect toward liver and kidney remained ambiguous. Further investigation with the increase of parameters and inclusion of analytical test of bioactive compound in red onion is recommended for the future studies.

Strenuous exercise: analogous to the acute-phase response?

1991 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 677-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay M. Weight ◽  
Donald Alexander ◽  
Peter Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Acute Phase Response ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Phase Response ◽  
Strenuous Exercise ◽  
Iron Level ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein

1. It has been suggested that the physiological consequences of strenuous exercise are analogous to those of the acute-phase response. 2. In 70 male and 20 female competitive distance runners, a marked, but transient, neutrophil leucocytosis occurred immediately after these athletes completed a standard (42 km) marathon race. Concomitant significant increases were noted in the plasma cortisol levels, creatine kinase activity, C-reactive protein level, total protein level and albumin level (P <0.01). 3. The plasma fibrinogen, C-reactive protein and total protein concentrations were markedly increased both 24 h and 48 h after exercise (P <0.01). The serum haptoglobin level was significantly decreased after exercise (P <0.01), and increased 48 h later (P <0.05). There was no change in the serum iron level, total iron-binding capacity, per cent saturation of transferrin and serum ferritin level. 4. A significant increase in interleukin-1-type activity was demonstrated immediately and 24 h after exercise (P <0.01). 5. It is concluded that the metabolic sequelae of sustained exercise are similar, but not analogous, to the acute-phase response, and interleukin-1 probably plays a significant role in linking the haematological and immunological changes observed after sustained strenuous exercise.

scholarly journals Monokines regulate glycosylation of acute-phase proteins.

1987 ◽  
Vol 166 (1) ◽  
pp. 253-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Mackiewicz ◽  
M K Ganapathi ◽  
D Schultz ◽  
I Kushner
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Acute Phase Response ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Hepatoma Cell ◽  
Phase Response ◽  
Hepatoma Cell Line ◽  
Human Hepatoma Cell ◽  
Inflammatory Stimuli ◽  
Necrosis Factor

The acute-phase response to inflammatory stimuli, characterized by increased synthesis of acute-phase proteins (APP), is often accompanied by changes in the glycosylation patterns of some of these proteins. While expression of APP genes in hepatocytes is regulated by monokines, mechanisms governing changes in glycosylation are not known. Exposure of human hepatoma cell line Hep 3B to conditioned medium from LPS-activated human monocytes and to medium from the keratocarcinoma cell line COLO-16 led to increased synthesis of alpha 1 proteinase-inhibitor and ceruloplasmin and to alterations of their glycosylation patterns similar to those seen in human serum in various inflammatory states. IL-1, tumor necrosis factor, and hepatocyte stimulating factor I increased synthesis of ceruloplasmin without alterations in the pattern of its glycosylation. These findings demonstrate that altered glycosylation seen in plasma in some inflammatory states can be explained by the effects of monokines on glycosylation in hepatocytes and that gene expression and glycosylation of some APP during the acute-phase response may be regulated by different mechanisms.

scholarly journals A study of the Oxidative stress and Antioxidant status in diabetic subjects who are on treatment with Metformin

2019 ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
Manju Koshy ◽  
Palocaren Jeeji ◽  
Sethupathy S
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Total Antioxidant Status ◽  
South Indian Population ◽  
Group I ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic ◽  
Group 1

Background: Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of DM and its complications. However, antioxidant status and its contribution to type 2 DM are less explored in South Indian population. Metformin, is a biguanide anti hyperglycemic agent used for the management of type 2 diabetes. Aim:  To study the alteration in oxidant and antioxidant status in type 2 diabetic subjects on treatment with Metformin and to evaluate the effect of metformin in improving the total antioxidant status. Methodology: In this cross sectional study, all subjects were T2DM patients, on metformin monotherapy (500 mg, bd) and were grouped into two - Group 1 and Group 2 for the study purpose, based on their HbA1c values. Baseline parameters (B.P, Waist Hip ratio, BMI, family history), glycemic status, lipid profile, FRAP, TBARS and serum Metformin levels were assayed. Fasting and postprandial blood specimens were collected and plasma glucose concentrations were measured by standard methods. Fasting plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was measured by ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) assay. Oxidative stress was evaluated and measured as TBARS and the values were compared among the two groups. Results: TBARS levels were higher and FRAP levels were significantly lower in Group I subjects compared to Group II subjects and can be explained due to increased superoxide ions and reduced activity of S. O. D. Conclusion: It may be concluded that total antioxidant status is lower in type 2 diabetic subjects of Group 1 category compared to diabetic subjects in the Group 2 and it may be related to the beneficial effects of the biguanide, Metformin.

scholarly journals Acute phase proteins and their use in the diagnosis of diseases in ruminants: a review

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 163-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Tothova ◽  
O. Nagy ◽  
G. Kovac
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Application ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Acute Phase Response ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Phase Response ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
New Biomarkers ◽  
Treatment Prognosis ◽  
Hepatic Synthesis

The acute phase response is a complex systemic early-defence system of reactions activated by trauma, infection, tissue damage, inflammation, stress or neoplasia. One of the most important elements of this response is the increased hepatic synthesis of some plasma proteins, collectively known as acute phase proteins. The discovery of these new biomarkers has allowed the clinical monitoring of different diseases; therefore, their clinical application has been studied widely in human medicine in order to improve the diagnosis, evaluation, treatment, prognosis and therapeutics of many diseases. Although a wide range of studies have been carried out to determine the usefulness of acute phase proteins in several diseases also in animals, they are still relatively under-utilised in veterinary medicine, predominantly in farm animals. The acute phase response and clinical application of acute phase proteins in ruminants are reviewed in this article, including their diagnostic use in clinical practice and application in the monitoring of treatment, which is one of the most promising practical uses of these proteins. &nbsp;

scholarly journals The acute-phase response in (NZB X NZW)F1 and MRL/l MICE.

1982 ◽  
Vol 156 (4) ◽  
pp. 1268-1273 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Rordorf ◽  
H P Schnebli ◽  
M L Baltz ◽  
G A Tennent ◽  
M B Pepys
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Acute Phase Response ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Acute Phase Protein ◽  
Phase Response ◽  
Serum Amyloid ◽  
Human Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Serum Amyloid A Protein ◽  
Phase Protein

The acute-phase plasma protein response to disease activity in murine models of autoimmune lupus-like disease was investigated by measurement of the concentration of serum amyloid P component (SAP) in NZB X W and MRL/l mice. The levels of SAP, which is a major acute-phase protein in mice, did not rise at all in response to progression of disease in NZB X W mice between the ages of 1 and 9 mo. This resembles the behavior of acute-phase proteins such as C-reactive protein and serum amyloid A protein in human systemic lupus erythematosus, and just as in human lupus, where the occurrence of intercurrent microbial infection can stimulate an acute-phase response, so injection of bacterial lipopolysaccharide or casein into the NZB X W mice stimulated "normal" acute-phase SAP production. In marked contrast, MRL/l mice developed greatly increased levels of SAP, which correlated closely with progression of their pathology as they aged. The disease profile of the MRL/l strain includes rheumatoid factors and spontaneous polyarthritis and their SAP response resembles the behavior of acute phase proteins in human rheumatoid arthritis. Different patterns of acute-phase response in different autoimmune disorders may thus be a reflection of the genetic predisposition to particular diseases and/or contribute to their pathogenesis. The existence of animal counterparts for the various clinical patterns of human acute-phase protein production will assist in experimental investigation of the underlying mechanisms and of the biological role of the acute-phase response.

scholarly journals Comparison of Inflammatory and Acute-Phase Responses in the Brain and Peripheral Organs of the ME7 Model of Prion Disease

2005 ◽  
Vol 79 (8) ◽  
pp. 5174-5184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colm Cunningham ◽  
David C. Wilcockson ◽  
Delphine Boche ◽  
V. Hugh Perry
Keyword(s):  
Prion Disease ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Proinflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Acute Phase Response ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Phase Response ◽  
Complement C3 ◽  
Significant Elevation ◽  
Cns Inflammation ◽  
Amyloid A

ABSTRACT Chronic neurodegenerative diseases such as prion disease and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are reported to be associated with microglial activation and increased brain and serum cytokines and acute-phase proteins (APPs). Unlike AD, prion disease is also associated with a peripheral component in that the presumed causative agent, PrPSc, also accumulates in the spleen and other lymphoreticular organs. It is unclear whether the reported systemic acute-phase response represents a systemic inflammatory response to prion disease or merely reflects central nervous system (CNS) inflammation. For this study, we investigated whether intracerebrally initiated prion disease (ME7 model) provokes splenic, hepatic, or brain inflammatory and acute-phase responses. We detected no significant elevation of proinflammatory cytokines or activation of macrophages in the spleens of these animals, despite clear PrPSc deposition. Similarly, at 19 weeks we detected no significant elevation of transcripts for the APPs serum amyloid A, complement C3, pentraxin 3, and α2-antiplasmin in the liver, despite CNS neurodegeneration and splenic PrPSc deposition at this time. However, despite the low CNS expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines, there was robust expression of these APPs in degenerating brains. These findings suggest that PrPSc is not a stimulus for splenic macrophages and that neither peripheral PrPSc deposition nor CNS neurodegeneration is sufficient to produce a systemic acute-phase response. We also propose that serum cytokine and APP measurements are not useful during preclinical disease. Possible consequences of the clear chronic elevation of APPs in the CNS are discussed.

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