Efficacy of b-glucans and manna oligosaccharides (Yeast Cell Wall) and hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS) in preventing aflatoxicosis in bovine calves

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omer Naseer ◽  
Jawaria Khan ◽  
Muhammad Khan ◽  
Muhammad Omer ◽  
Muhammad Avais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Yeast Cell ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Yeast Cell Wall ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Sodium Calcium ◽  
Calcium Aluminosilicate

The objective of this study was to determine the response of bovine calves against aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in terms of feed consumption, hematological and serum biochemical parameters and to compare the efficacy of two different mycotoxin adsorbents, in vitro and in vivo. 36 bovine calves were divided into 4 groups. Group A was fed AFB1 added feed with the addition of â-glucans and Mannan oligosaccharides (Yeast Cell Wall), group B was fed AFB1 with hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS) and group C was fed AFB1 contaminated feed without addition of mycotoxin binders while group D was kept as negative control. AFB1 was given by gelatinized capsules at a dose rate of 1.0mg/ kg/ animal/ day. Results revealed average daily feed intake (ADFI) of AFB1 treated bovine calves significantly reduced (P less than 0.05) and all hematological parameters i.e; TEC, HGB, TLC, lymphocytes, neutrophils and monocytes, MCHC, HCT and MCH decreased significantly (P less than 0.05). Moreover, serum levels of AST, ALT, Creatinine and BUN were significantly increased (P less than 0.05) in response to AFB1. When compared between groups, YCW significantly (P less than 0.05) improved the feed consumption of bovine calves while HSCAS significantly reduced (P less than 0.05) the AFB1 induced deleterious alterations in hematology and serum biochemistry.

scholarly journals Comparison of hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate and yeast cell wall on counteracting aflatoxicosis in broiler chicks

2010 ◽  
Vol 89 (10) ◽  
pp. 2147-2156 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Zhao ◽  
R.B. Shirley ◽  
J.D. Dibner ◽  
F. Uraizee ◽  
M. Officer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Yeast Cell ◽  
Yeast Cell Wall ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Sodium Calcium ◽  
Calcium Aluminosilicate

scholarly journals Comprehensive Evaluation of the Efficiency of Yeast Cell Wall Extract to Adsorb Ochratoxin A and Mitigate Accumulation of the Toxin in Broiler Chickens

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suvi Vartiainen ◽  
Alexandros Yiannikouris ◽  
Juha Apajalahti ◽  
Colm A. Moran
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Yeast Cell ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Yeast Cell Wall ◽  
In Vivo Model

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a common mycotoxin contaminant in animal feed. When absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, OTA has a propensity for pathological effects on animal health and deposition in animal tissues. In this study, the potential of yeast cell wall extracts (YCWE) to adsorb OTA was evaluated using an in vitro method in which consecutive animal digestion events were simulated. Low pH markedly increased OTA binding to YCWE, which was reversed with a pH increased to 6.5. Overall, in vitro analysis revealed that 30% of OTA was adsorbed to YCWE. Additional computational molecular modelling revealed that change in pH alters the OTA charge and modulates the interaction with the YCWE β-d-glucans. The effectiveness of YCWE was tested in a 14-day broiler chicken trial. Birds were subjected to five dietary treatments; with and without OTA, and OTA combined with YCWE at three dosages. At the end of the trial, liver OTA deposition was evaluated. Data showed a decrease of up to 30% in OTA deposits in the liver of broilers fed both OTA and YCWE. In the case of OTA, a tight correlation between the mitigation efficacy of YCWE between in vitro and in vivo model could be observed.

scholarly journals Efficient Aflatoxin B1 Sequestration by Yeast Cell Wall Extract and Hydrated Sodium Calcium Aluminosilicate Evaluated Using a Multimodal In-Vitro and Ex-Vivo Methodology

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Alexandros Yiannikouris ◽  
Juha Apajalahti ◽  
Hannele Kettunen ◽  
Suvi Ojanperä ◽  
Andrew N. W. Bell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Yeast Cell ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Intestinal Tissue ◽  
Sodium Calcium ◽  
Calcium Aluminosilicate ◽  
Vitro Model

In this work, adsorption of the carcinogenic mycotoxin aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) by two sequestrants—a yeast cell wall-based adsorbent (YCW) and a hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS)—was studied across four laboratory models: (1) an in vitro model from a reference method was employed to quantify the sorption capabilities of both sequestrants under buffer conditions at two pH values using liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (LC-FLD); (2) in a second in vitro model, the influence of the upper gastrointestinal environment on the mycotoxin sorption capacity of the same two sequestrants was studied using a chronic AFB1 level commonly encountered in the field (10 µg/L and in the presence of feed); (3) the third model used a novel ex vivo approach to measure the absorption of 3H-labelled AFB1 in the intestinal tissue and the ability of the sequestrants to offset this process; and (4) a second previously developed ex vivo model readapted to AFB1 was used to measure the transfer of 3H-labelled AFB1 through live intestinal tissue, and the influence of sequestrants on its bioavailability by means of an Ussing chamber system. Despite some sorption effects caused by the feed itself studied in the second model, both in vitro models established that the adsorption capacity of both YCW and HSCAS is promoted at a low acidic pH. Ex vivo Models 3 and 4 showed that the same tested material formed a protective barrier on the epithelial mucosa and that they significantly reduced the transfer of AFB1 through live intestinal tissue. The results indicate that, by reducing the transmembrane transfer rate and reducing over 60% of the concentration of free AFB1, both products are able to significantly limit the bioavailability of AFB1. Moreover, there were limited differences between YCW and HSCAS in their sorption capacities. The inclusion of YCW in the dietary ration could have a positive influence in reducing AFB1′s physiological bioavailability.

In vitro zearalenone adsorption by a mixture of organic and inorganic adsorbents: application of the Box Behnken approach

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.G. Bordini ◽  
D. Borsato ◽  
A.S. Oliveira ◽  
M.A. Ono ◽  
T.H. Zaninelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Yeast Cell ◽  
Activated Charcoal ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Statistical Design ◽  
Yeast Cell Wall ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Wide Range

Zearalenone (ZEA) adsorption by a mixture of organic (yeast cell wall) and inorganic (activated charcoal) adsorbents was evaluated by an incomplete Box Behnken (33) statistical design with a quintuplicate at the central point. The variables analysed were different ratios of adsorbents (yeast cell wall and activated charcoal) at 100:0, 87.5:12.5 and 75:25, pH (3.0, 4.5 and 6.0) and ZEA concentrations (300, 750 and 1,200 ng/ml). The adsorbent mixture at 75:25 showed higher efficiency for ZEA adsorption (≯96.1%) than the 87.5:12.5 ratio (81.3 to 93.7%) and with the pure yeast cell wall (78.1 to 55.7%). The significant variables were the ratio of adsorbent mixture and ZEA concentration. The effect of pH was not significant (P=0.05), indicating that the binding between ZEA and the adsorbent would be stable at different pH (3.0, 4.5 and 6.0). The quadratic model obtained by the Box Behnken (33) design can be used for predictive purposes, because it showed a non-significant deviation (P=49.54%) and a good correlation coefficient (R2=0.98), suggesting that the ZEA adsorption would be maximum (100%) when the adsorbent mixture is set at 75:25 and the ZEA concentration at 300 ng/ml. Although the predictive model showed that an increase in adsorption efficiency could occur in a smaller ZEA concentration (300 ng/ml), the mixture at the 75:25 ratio presented high efficiency (≯98%) in adsorption when high ZEA concentrations were used (1,200 ng/ml), indicating that these mixtures would be able to adsorb a wide range of ZEA concentrations. Therefore, this mixture of yeast cell wall and activated charcoal adsorbents at 75:25 might be a candidate for further in vivo testing.

A novel fluorescence assay and catalytic properties of Crh1 and Crh2 yeast cell wall transglycosylases

2013 ◽  
Vol 455 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marian Mazáň ◽  
Noelia Blanco ◽  
Kristína Kováčová ◽  
Zuzana Firáková ◽  
Pavel Řehulka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Yeast Cell ◽  
Catalytic Properties ◽  
Fluorescence Assay ◽  
Yeast Cell Wall ◽  
Chitin Derivatives

A fluorescence assay was devised for the determination of transglycosylating activities of Crh1 and Crh2 yeast cell wall mannoproteins. Both proteins use chitin derivatives as donors and oligosaccharides derived from chitin, β-(1,3)-glucan and β-(1,6)-glucan as acceptors in vitro and in vivo.

In vitro removal of deoxynivalenol by a mixture of organic and inorganic adsorbents

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.F. de Souza ◽  
D. Borsato ◽  
A.D. Lofrano ◽  
A.S. de Oliveira ◽  
M.A. Ono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Yeast Cell ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Yeast Cell Wall ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Inorganic Adsorbents

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a mixture of inorganic (activated carbon) and organic (yeast cell wall) adsorbents on in vitro removal of deoxynivalenol (DON). The study was carried out using a 24 incomplete factorial design with three replications at the central point, totalling 11 experiments. The independent variables were pH (3.0, 5.0 and 7.0), adsorbent concentration (0.2, 1.1 and 2.0%), DON concentration (2,500, 5,000 and 7,500 ng/ml) and ratio of activated carbon and yeast cell wall (0:100, 15:85 and 30:70), evaluated at 30, 60 and 90 min incubation periods. The highest percentage of adsorption occurred with 2.0% activated carbon and yeast cell wall at 30:70 ratio (≯95.6%) for 30, 60 and 90 min. The lowest adsorption was detected using 0.2% of activated carbon and yeast cell wall at 0:100 ratio (from 14.4 to 77.3%). The pH values (3.0, 5.0 and 7.0) showed no influence on the adsorption of DON in vitro only at 2.0% inclusion level. The predictive model of integrated optimisation of the independent variables of in vitro DON adsorption describes that the maximum adsorption (100%) occurs when the variables pH and adsorbent concentration are set at +1 coded level (pH 7.0 and 2.0%, respectively) and the toxin concentration and the ratio of activated carbon and yeast cell wall at -1 coded level (2,500 ng/ml and 30:70, respectively) for 30, 60 and 90 min. Statistical analysis showed that the equation model obtained can be applied to predict the adsorption percentage of DON in vitro and that the mixture of activated carbon and yeast cell wall at a 2.0% concentration was effective from pH 3.0 to 7.0, which is the range found in the gastrointestinal tract of monogastric animals, thus indicating its potential to minimise the contamination risk by DON. Nevertheless, in vivo efficacy of activated carbon and yeast cell wall at 30:70 ratio should be confirmed with animal experiments.

Efficacy of hydrate sodium calcium aluminosilicate and yeast cell wall to ameliorate the toxic effects of aflatoxin in ducks

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
pp. 1637 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Tanpong ◽  
S. Wongtangtintharn ◽  
K. Pimpukdee ◽  
B. Tengjaroenkul ◽  
J. Khajarern
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Yeast Cell ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Bodyweight Gain ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Yeast Cell Wall ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sodium Calcium ◽  
Calcium Aluminosilicate ◽  
Poultry Diets

The aim of the present experiment was to evaluate the efficacy of a hydrate sodium calcium aluminosilicate and yeast cell wall (Fixar® Viva Dry) to prevent aflatoxin toxicity in meat-type ducks. In total, 336 1-day-old Cherry Valley ducks were randomly assigned to seven dietary groups, including of three diets without adsorbent. These included <30 (control), 60 and 120 μg/kg of aflatoxin in the diet and 60 or 120 μg/kg of aflatoxin supplemented with Fixar® Viva Dry at either 0.05% or 0.10% in the diet. Each treatment group was duplicated, with 24 birds per pen (replicate) throughout the 28-day trial period. The results showed that, bodyweight gain was reduced by 11% and mortality was increased by 10% in ducks fed diet containing aflatoxin at 120 μg/kg, compared with the control diet. However, dietary Fixar® Viva Dry supplementation effectively alleviated the overall toxicity induced by aflatoxin. Significant negative treatment-related changes were observed in feather growth, eye necrosis, web-toe haemorrhage, leg deformity, tibia bone porosity, liver paleness and fat content, organ weight and serum biochemical characteristics, as well as decreased leaked enzymes in blood serum, compared with the control. Addition of Fixar® Viva Dry in the diet significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the adverse effects of aflatoxin on all parameters measured, near to those in the control group. This finding indicated that Fixar® Viva Dry, when added at the level of 0.05% in 60 μg/kg or of 0.10% in 120 μg/kg aflatoxin diets, could modulate the toxicity of aflatoxin. In conclusion, these results showed that Fixar® Viva Dry 0.05% was effective in preventing the toxic effects of aflatoxin that may be present in poultry diets.

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