scholarly journals Comprehensive Evaluation of the Efficiency of Yeast Cell Wall Extract to Adsorb Ochratoxin A and Mitigate Accumulation of the Toxin in Broiler Chickens

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suvi Vartiainen ◽  
Alexandros Yiannikouris ◽  
Juha Apajalahti ◽  
Colm A. Moran
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Yeast Cell ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Yeast Cell Wall ◽  
In Vivo Model

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a common mycotoxin contaminant in animal feed. When absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, OTA has a propensity for pathological effects on animal health and deposition in animal tissues. In this study, the potential of yeast cell wall extracts (YCWE) to adsorb OTA was evaluated using an in vitro method in which consecutive animal digestion events were simulated. Low pH markedly increased OTA binding to YCWE, which was reversed with a pH increased to 6.5. Overall, in vitro analysis revealed that 30% of OTA was adsorbed to YCWE. Additional computational molecular modelling revealed that change in pH alters the OTA charge and modulates the interaction with the YCWE β-d-glucans. The effectiveness of YCWE was tested in a 14-day broiler chicken trial. Birds were subjected to five dietary treatments; with and without OTA, and OTA combined with YCWE at three dosages. At the end of the trial, liver OTA deposition was evaluated. Data showed a decrease of up to 30% in OTA deposits in the liver of broilers fed both OTA and YCWE. In the case of OTA, a tight correlation between the mitigation efficacy of YCWE between in vitro and in vivo model could be observed.

scholarly journals In Vitro Binding Potentials of Bentonite, Yeast Cell Wall and Lactic Acid Bacteria for Aflatoxin B1 and Ochratoxin A

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damoon Ghofrani Tabari ◽  
Hassan Kermanshahi ◽  
Abolghasem Golian ◽  
Reza Majidzadeh Heravi ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Yeast Cell ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Yeast Cell Wall ◽  
In Vitro Binding ◽  
Vitro Binding

In vitro zearalenone adsorption by a mixture of organic and inorganic adsorbents: application of the Box Behnken approach

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.G. Bordini ◽  
D. Borsato ◽  
A.S. Oliveira ◽  
M.A. Ono ◽  
T.H. Zaninelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Yeast Cell ◽  
Activated Charcoal ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Statistical Design ◽  
Yeast Cell Wall ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Wide Range

Zearalenone (ZEA) adsorption by a mixture of organic (yeast cell wall) and inorganic (activated charcoal) adsorbents was evaluated by an incomplete Box Behnken (33) statistical design with a quintuplicate at the central point. The variables analysed were different ratios of adsorbents (yeast cell wall and activated charcoal) at 100:0, 87.5:12.5 and 75:25, pH (3.0, 4.5 and 6.0) and ZEA concentrations (300, 750 and 1,200 ng/ml). The adsorbent mixture at 75:25 showed higher efficiency for ZEA adsorption (≯96.1%) than the 87.5:12.5 ratio (81.3 to 93.7%) and with the pure yeast cell wall (78.1 to 55.7%). The significant variables were the ratio of adsorbent mixture and ZEA concentration. The effect of pH was not significant (P=0.05), indicating that the binding between ZEA and the adsorbent would be stable at different pH (3.0, 4.5 and 6.0). The quadratic model obtained by the Box Behnken (33) design can be used for predictive purposes, because it showed a non-significant deviation (P=49.54%) and a good correlation coefficient (R2=0.98), suggesting that the ZEA adsorption would be maximum (100%) when the adsorbent mixture is set at 75:25 and the ZEA concentration at 300 ng/ml. Although the predictive model showed that an increase in adsorption efficiency could occur in a smaller ZEA concentration (300 ng/ml), the mixture at the 75:25 ratio presented high efficiency (≯98%) in adsorption when high ZEA concentrations were used (1,200 ng/ml), indicating that these mixtures would be able to adsorb a wide range of ZEA concentrations. Therefore, this mixture of yeast cell wall and activated charcoal adsorbents at 75:25 might be a candidate for further in vivo testing.

Efficacy of b-glucans and manna oligosaccharides (Yeast Cell Wall) and hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS) in preventing aflatoxicosis in bovine calves

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omer Naseer ◽  
Jawaria Khan ◽  
Muhammad Khan ◽  
Muhammad Omer ◽  
Muhammad Avais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Yeast Cell ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Yeast Cell Wall ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Sodium Calcium ◽  
Calcium Aluminosilicate

The objective of this study was to determine the response of bovine calves against aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in terms of feed consumption, hematological and serum biochemical parameters and to compare the efficacy of two different mycotoxin adsorbents, in vitro and in vivo. 36 bovine calves were divided into 4 groups. Group A was fed AFB1 added feed with the addition of â-glucans and Mannan oligosaccharides (Yeast Cell Wall), group B was fed AFB1 with hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS) and group C was fed AFB1 contaminated feed without addition of mycotoxin binders while group D was kept as negative control. AFB1 was given by gelatinized capsules at a dose rate of 1.0mg/ kg/ animal/ day. Results revealed average daily feed intake (ADFI) of AFB1 treated bovine calves significantly reduced (P less than 0.05) and all hematological parameters i.e; TEC, HGB, TLC, lymphocytes, neutrophils and monocytes, MCHC, HCT and MCH decreased significantly (P less than 0.05). Moreover, serum levels of AST, ALT, Creatinine and BUN were significantly increased (P less than 0.05) in response to AFB1. When compared between groups, YCW significantly (P less than 0.05) improved the feed consumption of bovine calves while HSCAS significantly reduced (P less than 0.05) the AFB1 induced deleterious alterations in hematology and serum biochemistry.

Effect of temperature on in vitro ochratoxin A biosorption onto yeast cell wall derivatives

2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (9) ◽  
pp. 3008-3016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Ringot ◽  
Benoit Lerzy ◽  
Jean Paul Bonhoure ◽  
Eric Auclair ◽  
Eric Oriol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Yeast Cell ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Yeast Cell Wall ◽  
Effect Of Temperature

A novel fluorescence assay and catalytic properties of Crh1 and Crh2 yeast cell wall transglycosylases

2013 ◽  
Vol 455 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marian Mazáň ◽  
Noelia Blanco ◽  
Kristína Kováčová ◽  
Zuzana Firáková ◽  
Pavel Řehulka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Yeast Cell ◽  
Catalytic Properties ◽  
Fluorescence Assay ◽  
Yeast Cell Wall ◽  
Chitin Derivatives

A fluorescence assay was devised for the determination of transglycosylating activities of Crh1 and Crh2 yeast cell wall mannoproteins. Both proteins use chitin derivatives as donors and oligosaccharides derived from chitin, β-(1,3)-glucan and β-(1,6)-glucan as acceptors in vitro and in vivo.

In vitro removal of deoxynivalenol by a mixture of organic and inorganic adsorbents

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.F. de Souza ◽  
D. Borsato ◽  
A.D. Lofrano ◽  
A.S. de Oliveira ◽  
M.A. Ono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Yeast Cell ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Yeast Cell Wall ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Inorganic Adsorbents

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a mixture of inorganic (activated carbon) and organic (yeast cell wall) adsorbents on in vitro removal of deoxynivalenol (DON). The study was carried out using a 24 incomplete factorial design with three replications at the central point, totalling 11 experiments. The independent variables were pH (3.0, 5.0 and 7.0), adsorbent concentration (0.2, 1.1 and 2.0%), DON concentration (2,500, 5,000 and 7,500 ng/ml) and ratio of activated carbon and yeast cell wall (0:100, 15:85 and 30:70), evaluated at 30, 60 and 90 min incubation periods. The highest percentage of adsorption occurred with 2.0% activated carbon and yeast cell wall at 30:70 ratio (≯95.6%) for 30, 60 and 90 min. The lowest adsorption was detected using 0.2% of activated carbon and yeast cell wall at 0:100 ratio (from 14.4 to 77.3%). The pH values (3.0, 5.0 and 7.0) showed no influence on the adsorption of DON in vitro only at 2.0% inclusion level. The predictive model of integrated optimisation of the independent variables of in vitro DON adsorption describes that the maximum adsorption (100%) occurs when the variables pH and adsorbent concentration are set at +1 coded level (pH 7.0 and 2.0%, respectively) and the toxin concentration and the ratio of activated carbon and yeast cell wall at -1 coded level (2,500 ng/ml and 30:70, respectively) for 30, 60 and 90 min. Statistical analysis showed that the equation model obtained can be applied to predict the adsorption percentage of DON in vitro and that the mixture of activated carbon and yeast cell wall at a 2.0% concentration was effective from pH 3.0 to 7.0, which is the range found in the gastrointestinal tract of monogastric animals, thus indicating its potential to minimise the contamination risk by DON. Nevertheless, in vivo efficacy of activated carbon and yeast cell wall at 30:70 ratio should be confirmed with animal experiments.

scholarly journals Binding of Zearalenone, Aflatoxin B1, and Ochratoxin A by Yeast-Based Products: A Method for Quantification of Adsorption Performance

2011 ◽  
Vol 74 (7) ◽  
pp. 1175-1185 ◽  
Author(s):  
CLAIRE JOANNIS-CASSAN ◽  
MARIANA TOZLOVANU ◽  
KHEIRA HADJEBA-MEDJDOUB ◽  
NATHALIE BALLET ◽  
ANNIE PFOHL-LESZKOWICZ
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Yeast Cell ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Yeast Cell Wall ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Hill Model ◽  
Complex Phenomena

A methodology was developed to quantify the efficiency of yeast-based products for adsorption of three mycotoxins: zearalenone (ZEA), aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), and ochratoxin A (OTA). Eight products were tested (yeast cell wall or inactivated yeast). The described experimental protocol based on in vitro tests provided reliable isotherms for each mycotoxin. The most suitable models were the Hill model for ZEA, the Langmuir model for AFB1, and the Freundlich model for OTA. From these models, original mathematical affinity criteria were defined to quantify the product adsorption performances for each mycotoxin. The best yeast product, a yeast cell wall from baker's yeast, can adsorb up to 68% of ZEA, 29% of AFB1, and 62% of OTA, depending on the mycotoxin concentrations. The adsorption capacity largely depended both on yeast composition and mycotoxin, but no direct correlation between yeast composition and adsorption capacity was found, confirming that adsorption of mycotoxin on yeast-based products involves complex phenomena. The results of this study are useful for comparing the adsorption efficiency of various yeast products and understanding the mechanisms involved in adsorption.

scholarly journals Feeding of yeast cell wall extracts during a necrotic enteritis challenge enhances cell growth, survival and immune signaling in the jejunum of broiler chickens

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (6) ◽  
pp. 2955-2966
Author(s):  
Casey N. Johnson ◽  
Mohammed M. Hashim ◽  
Christopher A. Bailey ◽  
James A. Byrd ◽  
Michael H. Kogut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Yeast Cell ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Yeast Cell Wall ◽  
Necrotic Enteritis ◽  
Immune Signaling

Dietary hydrolysed yeast cell wall extract is comparable to antibiotics in the control of subclinical necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 757-765
Author(s):  
E. U. Ahiwe ◽  
E. P. Chang’a ◽  
M. E. Abdallh ◽  
M. Al-Qahtani ◽  
S. K. Kheravii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Yeast Cell ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Yeast Cell Wall ◽  
Necrotic Enteritis ◽  
Cell Wall Extract
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