scholarly journals Mutagenic Effectiveness and Efficiency in [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] Variety Phule Phandari (PP) and VCM-8

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.D. Savant
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Program Effectiveness ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Mutation Breeding ◽  
Individual Treatment ◽  
Chlorophyll Mutations ◽  
Chlorophyll Mutants ◽  
Effectiveness And Efficiency ◽  
The Individual

Background: Mutation breeding is one of the cheapest and surest method of plant breeding. In mutation breeding program effectiveness and efficiency of mutagens could be helpful to realize the spectrum of desirable mutations in the treated populations. The effectiveness and efficiency of two mutagens EMS and gamma rays were studied in two varieties of cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.)Walp.]. Methods: In the present investigation, the seeds of two varieties of cowpea, phulepandhari and VCM-8 were treated with gamma rays and EMS to obtain the spectrum and frequency of chlorophyll mutations in M2 generation. Mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency were calculated using frequency of chlorophyll mutations.Result: The individual treatment of EMS was found to be more efficient than gamma rays to induce chlorophyll mutants. A progressive increase in mutation frequency of chlorophyll mutations was observed with increasing doses. Four different types of chlorophyll mutants, such as, chlorina albina, xantha and viridis were induced with effect of mutagens. The highest frequency of chlorophyll mutations was reported in the gamma rays. There was a dose dependent increase in the spectrum and frequency of chlorophyll mutations. The lower dosages of gamma rays and EMS were proved to be most effective and efficient. Among two mutagens used EMS was much more effective than gamma rays in both the varieties viz. variety phulepandhari and VCM-8. 

scholarly journals Induced chlorophyll mutations in bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L. var. grossum)

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1085-1089
Author(s):  
Sonia Sood ◽  
Sanjay Jambhulkar ◽  
Yudhvir Singh ◽  
Nivedita Gupta ◽  
Saloni Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Mutation Breeding ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Capsicum Annuum L ◽  
Chlorophyll Mutations ◽  
Methane Sulphonate ◽  
Chlorophyll Mutants ◽  
Dose Dependent Increase

An investigation entitled “Induced chlorophyll mutations in bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L. var. grossum)” was conducted during kharif (summer-rainy season) 2012 and 2013 at Experimental farm of the Department of Vegetable Science and Floriculture, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur, H.P., India. Healthy seeds of California Wonder of bell pepper were exposed to physical mutagen Gamma rays using 60CO as a source of radiation at Mutation Breeding Centre, Department of Biotechnology, BARC Trombay, Mumbai and chemical mutagen EMS (Ethyl Methane Sulphonate) to obtain the spectrum and frequency of chlorophyll mutations in M2 generation. The M1 generation was produced from these mutagen treated seeds. Several unique and interesting chlorophyll and viable mutants were obtained in M2 generation. In M2 generation, gamma rays induced higher proportion of chlorophyll mutants then EMS. A progressive increase in mutation frequency of chlorophyll mutations was observed with increasing doses/concentrations. Four different types of chlorophyll mutants namely xantha, yellow xantha, chlorina and viridis were induced. Out of these mutants, chlorina and viridis were most frequent and were produced even in lower doses/concentrations while yellow xantha was least frequent and produced only in higher doses. The highest frequency of chlorophyll mutations (18.8 %) was reported in the 22 kR of gamma dose, while the lowest (0.80 %) frequency of chlorophyll mutations was found in the treatment of 1.0 % EMS. There was a dose dependent increase in the spectrum and frequency of chlorophyll mutations. These chlorophyll mutants induced by gamma radiation and EMS could be used in mutation breeding programme for inducing viable mutations for improvement of bell pepper varieties.

scholarly journals Induction of chlorophyll mutation through physical and chemical mutagen in Phaseolus lunatus (Lima Bean)

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalyani R Gunjal ◽  
A.D. More
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Mutation Frequency ◽  
Lima Bean ◽  
Mutation Breeding ◽  
Phaseolus Lunatus ◽  
Chlorophyll Mutation ◽  
Dose Concentration ◽  
Chlorophyll Mutants ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Light Green

The present investigation was undertaken to study the frequency of chlorophyll deficient sectors and chlorophyll mutants induced by Gamma rays at the dosage of 240Gy,300Gy,360Gy,420Gy, Ethyl Methene Sulphate (EMS) at the concentrations of 0.25%,0.50%,0.75%,1% and the Combination of both (Gamma rays and EMS) like 240Gy+1%, 300Gy+0.75%, 360Gy+0.50%, 420Gy+0.25% in the variety ‘King of Garden’ Phaseolus lunatus (lima bean).The chlorophyll mutants were observed in all the three mutagenic treatments in the lima bean. These mutants were White (Albina), Yellow (Xantha), Yellow green (Chlorina) and Light green (Viridis). They were screened after 10-15 days of old seedling and were found at the margin of the leaflet or the entire leaflet.Induced mutation in the sectors of the leaves resulted into chlorophyll chimeric plants. The scoring of chlorophyll mutation frequency in M2 generation was one of the most reliable measures for evaluating the mutagenic induced genetic altercation of the mutagen treatments used in the ideotype. The frequency of chlorophyll mutants increased with the increase in the dose/concentration of the mutants. They can be screened and enhanced through mutation breeding for enormous yield.

Induced mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency studies on Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp).

Food Biology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ariraman ◽  
T. Bharathi ◽  
D. Dhanavel
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Biological Damage ◽  
Chlorophyll Mutants ◽  
Late Maturity ◽  
Effectiveness And Efficiency

<p>The present investigation was carried out to study mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency of gamma rays and EMS treatments in Pigeon pea (Cajanus  cajan (L.) Millsp) Var CO-7. The relative effectiveness and efficiency of the both mutagen used was assessed from the data on biological damage in M1 generation and frequency of chlorophyll and viable mutants in M2 generation. The spectrum of chlorophyll mutants such as xantha, albino, chlorina and viridis, viable mutants like tall, dwarf, early flower, early maturity, late maturity, bushy, high yield and seed mutants were observed in both the mutagenic treatments.  Among the chlorophyll mutants xantha was found more in number. The mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency were found to be higher at 20KR of gamma irradiation and 25mM of EMS. The mutation rate of gamma rays was higher in terms of effectiveness than that of EMS. More number of chlorophyll and viable mutants was induced in gamma rays treatment when compared EMS treatment.</p>

scholarly journals Induced mutagenesis in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum (L.) with special reference to the frequency and spectrum of chlorophyll mutations

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Umavathi ◽  
L. Mullainathan
Keyword(s):  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Ethyl Methane Sulphonate ◽  
Ethyl Methane ◽  
Cicer Arietinum L ◽  
Chlorophyll Mutations ◽  
Methane Sulphonate ◽  
Chlorophyll Mutants ◽  
Induced Mutagenesis ◽  
Different Doses

A relative study of frequency and spectrum of chlorophyll mutations induced by mutagens in M2 generation was made with chickpea (Cicer arietinum (L). Variety ‘CO-4’. The treatments include different doses/concentrations of Gamma rays (20, 30, 40, 50 and 60kR) and Ethyl Methane Sulphonate (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mM). From the study, the overall frequencies and spectrum of five types of induced chlorophyll mutants Viridis (0.55), Xantha (0.46), Chlorina (0.45), Albina (0.43) and Tigrina (0.35) were observed. The frequency of chlorophyll mutation was increased with increasing concentrations up to a level, beyond it declined in both the mutagens. And the chlorophyll frequency was found in the order of viridis > xantha >chlorina> Albina >tigrina. The chemical mutagen, EMS was found to be more effective in inducing chlorophyll mutations than gamma rays in Chick pea.

scholarly journals Studies on Mutagenic Effectiveness and Efficiency of Gamma Rays and Ethyl Methane Sulphonate in Jasmine

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Sanchita Ghosh ◽  
M. Ganga ◽  
K. Soorianathasundaram
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Ethyl Methane Sulphonate ◽  
Biological Damage ◽  
Flower Yield ◽  
Methane Sulphonate ◽  
Chlorophyll Mutants ◽  
Effectiveness And Efficiency ◽  
Morphological Mutation

Background/Aim: The present investigation was undertaken to study the mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency in M1V1 generation and to study effect of gamma rays on spectrum of morphological mutation in Jasminum grandiflorum Linn. cv. White Pitchi. Methods: Terminal cuttings were treated with four doses of gamma rays viz., 10, 15, 20 and 25 Gy and four doses of EMS viz., 25, 30, 35 and 40 mM separately. Both mutagens created a high frequency as well as a wide spectrum of mutation. Results: Totally five types of chlorophyll mutants viz., xantha, viridis, yellow viridis, variegata and tigrina were observed. The mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency were calculated based on biological damage as well as chlorophyll mutation frequency on M1 plants. The mutagenic treatments were effective in inducing various types of morphological macro mutants, with few of them showing significant changes in plant height, flowering parameters and flower yield. The lower mutagen doses were associated with higher mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency. Conclusion: The present study indicated that the physical mutagen gamma rays were more effective and efficient in causing mutations as compared to the chemical mutagen EMS.

Determination of gamma radiation dose in mutation breeding of poplar (Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-384
Author(s):  
D.S. Dhillon ◽  
◽  
G.P.S. Dhillon ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Mutation Breeding ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Survival Percentage ◽  
Randomized Block Design

Monoculture of poplar based on few clones has led to widespread incidence of insects and diseases. Mutation breeding is considered an option for creation of new variability in the vegetatively propagated crops. In the present study, cuttings of clone L-47/88 were subjected to six doses of gamma rays i.e. 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 Gy and were planted in the field following randomized block design with four replications and plot size of 16 cuttings. The effect of gamma rays on sprouting, survival percentage, leaf and growth traits was found to be significant. The reduction in sprouting over control was maximum at 50 Gy (40.43 %) and the lowest reduction was at 10 Gy and 20 Gy (2.13 %). All cuttings of dose 40 Gy and 50 Gy were having stunted growth and experienced total mortality within 45 days after sprouting. The percent reduction in survival over control at 30 Gy was 48.05, which may be considered as LD50. The maximum values for leaf area (176.7 cm2), leaf length (15.99 cm) and leaf width (16.19 cm) were recorded in T1 (control) and relative values for T6 (50 Gy) were 45.4 cm2, 10.16 cm and 9.96 cm, respectively. The leaf blade area and plant height decreased significantly with progressive increase in dose level. The chlorophyll index was at par among all levels of gamma rays. Further studies need to be conducted for identification of positive mutants by using 30 Gy dose of gamma radiations.

Mutagenic Effectiveness and Efficiency of Gamma Rays and HZ with Phenotyping of Induced Mutations in Lentil Cultivars

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 17-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafiul Amin Laskar ◽  
Samiullah Khan
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Mutation Breeding ◽  
Induced Mutations ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Combination Treatments ◽  
Base Parameters ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Effectiveness And Efficiency ◽  
Growth Habits

In mutation breeding, mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency are the base parameters to predict the mutagenic potency of any mutagen. Studies on mutagenic effectiveness and mutagenic efficiency of physical mutagen (gamma rays) and chemical mutagen (hydrazine hydrates; HZ) on two cultivars of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.), viz. DPL 62 (macrosperma) and Pant L 406 (microsperma) have been reported. Dry and healthy seeds were treated with four doses of each gamma rays (100-400 Gy), HZ (0.1-0.4 %) and their combinations. Frequencies of the induced agro-morphological variations into different phenotypic categories were estimated in M2 population that resulted into identification and isolation of wide range of mutants with altered phenotypes. Data on effectiveness and efficiency of various mutagenic treatments calculated on the basis of the frequency of chlorophyll mutations, which showed effectiveness and efficiency were higher at the moderate doses of gamma rays and HZ, while in case of combination treatments; lower doses were most effective and efficient with few inter-varietal exceptions. Phenotyping of the mutants revealed that growth habits was the most sensitive category to which most of the mutant belongs, followed by leaf and flower/pod/seed in both the cultivars studied. Overall, the screened and isolated mutants with economically important agronomic traits can be further propagated in the subsequent generation for development of elite lentil mutant cultivars.

scholarly journals Study on mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency of mutagens in inducing chlorophyll mutations in m2 generation in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench ]

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-112
Author(s):  
S.M. Surashe ◽  
H.V. Kalpande ◽  
S.B. Borgaonkar
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Mutation Frequency ◽  
Chlorophyll Mutation ◽  
Chlorophyll Mutations ◽  
Chlorophyll Mutants ◽  
Mutagenic Sensitivity ◽  
Effectiveness And Efficiency ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

An investigation was carried out to create the variability generated through induced mutation in two sorghum populations viz., 296 B (Kharif) and Parbhani Moti (Rabi). Two mutagens viz., gamma irradiation (10 kR, 20kR, 30kR and 40kR) and EMS (0.1%EMS, 0.2%EMS, 0.3%EMS and 0.3%EMS) and their combination were used M2 generation. Mutagenic sensitivity in M2 generation on the basis of reduced germination and plant survival revealed a dose dependent reaction and differential response of the populations. In general, chlorophyll mutation frequency expressed on M2 seedling basis increased linearly with doses of three the mutagens in 296 B and Parbhani Moti. The frequency was more in 296 B followed by Parbhani Moti of three mutagens. The spectrum of chlorophyll mutations comprised albina, xantha, viridis, xanthaviridis, chlorina. The most frequently occurred mutant was viridis type followed by chlorina in all the populations. The population 296 B had expressed largest frequency of chlorophyll mutants followed by Parbhani Moti.

Frequency and spectrum of chlorophyll mutations and induced variabilityin ricebean (Vigna umbellata Thunb, Ohwi and Ohashi)

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhu Patial ◽  
S. R. Thakur ◽  
K. P. Singh ◽  
Anjana Thakur
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Phenotypic Selection ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Vigna Umbellata ◽  
Chlorophyll Mutations ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Chlorophyll Mutants ◽  
High Heritability ◽  
Pod Length ◽  
Made In

A comparative study of frequency and spectrum of chlorophyll mutations induced by physical (gamma rays) and chemical mutagens (EMS) in relation to the effect of mutations in M1 plant, induction of mutants in M2 and variability studies in M3 generation was made in two ricebean (Vigna umbellata Thunb, Ohwi and Ohashi) varieties; one local (Totru Local) and one widely cultivated one (BRS-1) during 2005-2008. The treatments included three doses each of gamma rays (30, 40 and 50 kR) and EMS (0.50, 0.60 and 0.70%). Both gamma rays and EMS proved to be hazardous for germination and plant survival at higher dose and the comparative reduction in these characters was higher under EMS treatments than gamma rays. The frequencies and spectrum of five different kind of induced chlorophyll mutations was in the order; viridis > xantha = albina > chlorina > albo-viridis in BRS-1 and viridis > xantha > albina > chlorina = albo-viridis in Totru Local. EMS was found to be more effective in inducing maximum frequencies of chlorophyll mutants than gamma rays. Highest frequency of chlorophyll mutants were found under O.50% EMS in BRS-1 and 0.70% EMS in Totru Local. Genotypic differences were seen as highest frequency of mutations was observed in Totru Local which was more sensitive to mutagenic treatments than BRS-1. The coefficients of variation for all quantitative characters studied in M3 generation were of higher magnitude compared to control in both the cultivars. The lower doses (30kR in gamma rays and 0.50% in EMS) were found to be the most important doses for inducing desirable variability in ricebean and three traits i.e. pods per cluster, seeds per pod and pod length showed high heritability coupled with high genetic advance in both BRS-1 and Totru Local indicating that breeding for these traits can be achieved by phenotypic selection.

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