scholarly journals Induction of chlorophyll mutation through physical and chemical mutagen in Phaseolus lunatus (Lima Bean)

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalyani R Gunjal ◽  
A.D. More
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Mutation Frequency ◽  
Lima Bean ◽  
Mutation Breeding ◽  
Phaseolus Lunatus ◽  
Chlorophyll Mutation ◽  
Dose Concentration ◽  
Chlorophyll Mutants ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Light Green

The present investigation was undertaken to study the frequency of chlorophyll deficient sectors and chlorophyll mutants induced by Gamma rays at the dosage of 240Gy,300Gy,360Gy,420Gy, Ethyl Methene Sulphate (EMS) at the concentrations of 0.25%,0.50%,0.75%,1% and the Combination of both (Gamma rays and EMS) like 240Gy+1%, 300Gy+0.75%, 360Gy+0.50%, 420Gy+0.25% in the variety ‘King of Garden’ Phaseolus lunatus (lima bean).The chlorophyll mutants were observed in all the three mutagenic treatments in the lima bean. These mutants were White (Albina), Yellow (Xantha), Yellow green (Chlorina) and Light green (Viridis). They were screened after 10-15 days of old seedling and were found at the margin of the leaflet or the entire leaflet.Induced mutation in the sectors of the leaves resulted into chlorophyll chimeric plants. The scoring of chlorophyll mutation frequency in M2 generation was one of the most reliable measures for evaluating the mutagenic induced genetic altercation of the mutagen treatments used in the ideotype. The frequency of chlorophyll mutants increased with the increase in the dose/concentration of the mutants. They can be screened and enhanced through mutation breeding for enormous yield.

scholarly journals Physical and chemical characterization of composite flour from canna flour (Canna edulis) and lima bean flour (Phaseolus lunatus)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danar Praseptiangga ◽  
Anisha Ayuning Tryas ◽  
Dian Rachmawanti Affandi ◽  
Windi Atmaka ◽  
Achmad Ridwan Ariyantoro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Lima Bean ◽  
Phaseolus Lunatus ◽  
Composite Flour ◽  
Physical And Chemical Characterization ◽  
Bean Flour ◽  
Physical And Chemical

scholarly journals Studies on Induced Physical and Chemical Mutagenesis in Groundnut (Arachis hypogia)

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 25-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Gunasekaran ◽  
P. Pavadai
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mutation Breeding ◽  
Chemical Mutagenesis ◽  
Program Selection ◽  
Methane Sulphonate ◽  
Ld50 Value ◽  
Mutant Lines ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Mutation breeding has been widely used for the improvement of plant characters in various crops. It is a powerful and effective tool in the hands of plant breeders. In any mutation breeding program, selection of an effective and efficient mutagen is very essential to produce high frequency of desirable mutation. Groundnut (Arachis hypogia) var. VRI-2. was treated with different concentration of physical and chemical mutagen namely gamma rays 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 KR and Ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS). For inducing mutation various concentration of EMS such as 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6 % for six hours were applied to 200 seed sample of each concentration and one respective control. The LD50 value was observed in 50% of gamma rays and 0.5 % of EMS. The morphological and yield characters were significantly reduced seed germination, seedling survival, days to first flower, plant height, number of leaves per plant, number of grains per plant, grain length and breath, 100 grains weight, grain yield per plant, fresh and dry weight per plant. The increasing doses/concentration of gamma rays and EMS decreased in phenotypic and yield characters in M1generation. The mutagenized populations showed significantly higher variability in the M2 generation. Mutant lines showing higher yield per plant than the respective parents and checks were isolated in M2 and subsequent generation were significantly more pod yield and yield components than the untreated plants.

scholarly journals Gamma rays, EMS and DES induced changes on cytology of bhendi [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench]

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
R. Elangovan and P. Pavadai
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Mutation Breeding ◽  
Abelmoschus Esculentus ◽  
Ethyl Methane Sulphonate ◽  
Chemical Mutagens ◽  
Methane Sulphonate ◽  
Successful Approach ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Different Doses

Mutation breeding in crop plants such as bhendi (Abelmoschus esculentus (L). Moench) is a successful approach in change of product having narrow genetic base. In the present study to the determine the effect of physical mutagen such as gamma rays and chemical mutagens such as Ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) and Diethyl sulphate (DES) were used. The seeds were treating with different doses/concentration of Gamma irradiation (10KR, 20KR, 30KR, 40KR, 50KR and 60KR), EMS and DES (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, and 0.6%) for six hours were applied to 200 seed sample of each concentration and one respective control on bhendi. plants of four generations viz., M1, M2, M3 and M4. The cytological analysis, for example, chromosomal number was watched and recorded for images. The maximum changes of chromosome were observed in 50 KR of gamma rays and 0.4 % of EMS treatments than the other physical and chemical mutagens. The length and shape of chromosome for varied in treated plants than the untreated plants.

scholarly journals Mutagenic Effectiveness and Efficiency in [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] Variety Phule Phandari (PP) and VCM-8

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.D. Savant
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Program Effectiveness ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Mutation Breeding ◽  
Individual Treatment ◽  
Chlorophyll Mutations ◽  
Chlorophyll Mutants ◽  
Effectiveness And Efficiency ◽  
The Individual

Background: Mutation breeding is one of the cheapest and surest method of plant breeding. In mutation breeding program effectiveness and efficiency of mutagens could be helpful to realize the spectrum of desirable mutations in the treated populations. The effectiveness and efficiency of two mutagens EMS and gamma rays were studied in two varieties of cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.)Walp.]. Methods: In the present investigation, the seeds of two varieties of cowpea, phulepandhari and VCM-8 were treated with gamma rays and EMS to obtain the spectrum and frequency of chlorophyll mutations in M2 generation. Mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency were calculated using frequency of chlorophyll mutations.Result: The individual treatment of EMS was found to be more efficient than gamma rays to induce chlorophyll mutants. A progressive increase in mutation frequency of chlorophyll mutations was observed with increasing doses. Four different types of chlorophyll mutants, such as, chlorina albina, xantha and viridis were induced with effect of mutagens. The highest frequency of chlorophyll mutations was reported in the gamma rays. There was a dose dependent increase in the spectrum and frequency of chlorophyll mutations. The lower dosages of gamma rays and EMS were proved to be most effective and efficient. Among two mutagens used EMS was much more effective than gamma rays in both the varieties viz. variety phulepandhari and VCM-8. 

scholarly journals Study on mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency of mutagens in inducing chlorophyll mutations in m2 generation in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench ]

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-112
Author(s):  
S.M. Surashe ◽  
H.V. Kalpande ◽  
S.B. Borgaonkar
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Mutation Frequency ◽  
Chlorophyll Mutation ◽  
Chlorophyll Mutations ◽  
Chlorophyll Mutants ◽  
Mutagenic Sensitivity ◽  
Effectiveness And Efficiency ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

An investigation was carried out to create the variability generated through induced mutation in two sorghum populations viz., 296 B (Kharif) and Parbhani Moti (Rabi). Two mutagens viz., gamma irradiation (10 kR, 20kR, 30kR and 40kR) and EMS (0.1%EMS, 0.2%EMS, 0.3%EMS and 0.3%EMS) and their combination were used M2 generation. Mutagenic sensitivity in M2 generation on the basis of reduced germination and plant survival revealed a dose dependent reaction and differential response of the populations. In general, chlorophyll mutation frequency expressed on M2 seedling basis increased linearly with doses of three the mutagens in 296 B and Parbhani Moti. The frequency was more in 296 B followed by Parbhani Moti of three mutagens. The spectrum of chlorophyll mutations comprised albina, xantha, viridis, xanthaviridis, chlorina. The most frequently occurred mutant was viridis type followed by chlorina in all the populations. The population 296 B had expressed largest frequency of chlorophyll mutants followed by Parbhani Moti.

scholarly journals Induced chlorophyll mutations in bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L. var. grossum)

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1085-1089
Author(s):  
Sonia Sood ◽  
Sanjay Jambhulkar ◽  
Yudhvir Singh ◽  
Nivedita Gupta ◽  
Saloni Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Mutation Breeding ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Capsicum Annuum L ◽  
Chlorophyll Mutations ◽  
Methane Sulphonate ◽  
Chlorophyll Mutants ◽  
Dose Dependent Increase

An investigation entitled “Induced chlorophyll mutations in bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L. var. grossum)” was conducted during kharif (summer-rainy season) 2012 and 2013 at Experimental farm of the Department of Vegetable Science and Floriculture, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur, H.P., India. Healthy seeds of California Wonder of bell pepper were exposed to physical mutagen Gamma rays using 60CO as a source of radiation at Mutation Breeding Centre, Department of Biotechnology, BARC Trombay, Mumbai and chemical mutagen EMS (Ethyl Methane Sulphonate) to obtain the spectrum and frequency of chlorophyll mutations in M2 generation. The M1 generation was produced from these mutagen treated seeds. Several unique and interesting chlorophyll and viable mutants were obtained in M2 generation. In M2 generation, gamma rays induced higher proportion of chlorophyll mutants then EMS. A progressive increase in mutation frequency of chlorophyll mutations was observed with increasing doses/concentrations. Four different types of chlorophyll mutants namely xantha, yellow xantha, chlorina and viridis were induced. Out of these mutants, chlorina and viridis were most frequent and were produced even in lower doses/concentrations while yellow xantha was least frequent and produced only in higher doses. The highest frequency of chlorophyll mutations (18.8 %) was reported in the 22 kR of gamma dose, while the lowest (0.80 %) frequency of chlorophyll mutations was found in the treatment of 1.0 % EMS. There was a dose dependent increase in the spectrum and frequency of chlorophyll mutations. These chlorophyll mutants induced by gamma radiation and EMS could be used in mutation breeding programme for inducing viable mutations for improvement of bell pepper varieties.

Ems and gamma radiation induced mutation in grasspea (Lathyrus sativus L.)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prabhat K. Singh ◽  
R. Sadhukhan
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Mutation Frequency ◽  
Biological Damage ◽  
Combination Treatments ◽  
Dose Concentration ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Effective Mutagen ◽  
Lathyrus Sativus L

Present investigation has been undertaken to study the induction of mutation by individual and combination treatments of EMS and gamma rays in three diverged genotypes of grasspea viz. Nirmal, Biol-212 and Berhampur Local. Combination treatments caused the more biological damage (lethality, injury and sterility) followed by gamma rays and EMS alone. The LD50 dose of gamma rays for Nirmal, Biol-212 and Berhampur Local corresponded to 590 Gy, 630 Gy and 539 Gy respectively. Above 0.5% EMS for Nirmal and Biol-212 and above 1% EMS in case of Berhampur Local was found to be lethal. Average total mutation frequency of three varieties together was highest (6.32 %) in gamma radiation followed by both EMS and combination treatment (5.8%). The most efficient dose/concentration of gamma rays and EMS were found to be 400 Gy and 0.5% EMS respectively. Mutagenic efficiency increases and effectiveness decreases with increasing concentration of EMS but the consequence was showed almost inverse relationship in case of gamma rays. Overall, irrespective of genotypes, gamma rays and EMS respectively were found to be most efficient and effective mutagen.

Lethal Dose (LD50) Fixation and Sensitivity of Fenugreek (Trigonellafoenum-graecumL.) to Gamma Radiation for Induction of Mutation

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
ANURADHA PATEL ◽  
POONAM VERMA ◽  
SHARDA CHOUDHARY ◽  
ARVIND KUMAR VERMA
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Mutation Breeding ◽  
Vigour Index ◽  
Small Flower ◽  
Dose Dependent

Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecumL.) is an annual crop, mainly used as a spiceand leafy vegetable crop in many parts of the world. Classical breeding in fenugreek is restricted due to its low genetic variability and small flower size which hamper manual emasculation and pollination. Mutation breeding is an effective way to enrich genetic variability in crop plants. An experiment was conducted to determine the lethal dose of the physical mutagen gamma rays in fenugreek. The dry seeds of fenugreek were exposed to different doses of gamma rays i.e. 150Gy, 200Gy, 250Gy, 300Gy and 350Gy. These irradiated seeds were sown in the Petri plates with non-irradiated seeds (control). As the dose of gamma rays increased, there was a decrease in germination percentage, seedling survival, root length, shoot length and vigour index. Among five doses of gamma rays, the maximum seed germination was observed at lowest dose 150Gy (93%), followed by 200Gy (83%), 250Gy (76%), 300Gy (76%) and 350Gy (64%). The seedling survival was decreased from 90% (in control) to 56% in 350Gy dose of gamma rays. The gamma rays dose of 150Gy gave stimulatory effect on seedlings growth. The growth parameters were dose dependent, as the dose of gamma rays increased from 200Gy to 350Gy. The gamma rays dose of 350Gy showed 64% seeds germination and 56% of seedlings survival. Therefore, it is concluded that the LD50 dose for fenugreek is close to 350Gy. This information would be highly useful for initiating mutation breeding programme in fenugreek

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