Linezolid

THE MOST RECENT DATA FROM THE National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network revealed that in late-onset sepsis events in very low birth weight neonates proven by blood culture, 70 percent were caused by Gram-positive organisms. Coagulase-negative staphylococci accounted for 68 percent of these Gram-positive infections, and Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus species, and Group B Streptococcus were isolated in the remainder.1Staphylococcus epidermidis continues to be the most common coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species isolated in culture, and S. capitis, S. warneri, S. haemolyticus and S. hominis have also been implicated in neonatal infection.

Download Full-text

A ten-year review of neonatal bloodstream infections in a tertiary private hospital in Kenya

The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries ◽

10.3855/jidc.1674 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 5 (11) ◽

pp. 799-803 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Ruchika Kohli-Kochhar ◽

Geoffrey Omuse ◽

Gunturu Revathi

Keyword(s):

Developing Countries ◽

Neonatal Sepsis ◽

Late Onset ◽

Group B Streptococcus ◽

Bloodstream Infections ◽

Empiric Therapy ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Late Onset Sepsis ◽

Group B ◽

The Right

Introduction: Neonatal mortality in developing countries is usually due to an infectious cause. The gold standard of investigation in developing countries is a positive blood culture. It is important to know the aetiology of neonatal bloodstream infections so that empiric treatment can be effective. Methodology: We conducted a retrospective clinical audit over ten years between January 2000 until December 2009, looking at the aetiology of both early and late onset neonatal sepsis. We analysed data from 152 (23%) patient isolates out of 662 suspected cases of neonatal sepsis. Results: Our study revealed that Gram-positive organisms were the predominant cause of both early and late onset sepsis; the common isolates were Staphylococcus epidermidis (34%) and Staphylococcus aureus (27%). There were no isolates of group B Streptococcus. Candida species was isolated only in patients with late onset sepsis (6.9%). Bacterial isolates were relatively sensitive to the commonly used first- and second-line empiric antibiotics. Conclusion: Gram-positive organisms remain the major cause of neonatal bloodstream infections in our setup. The findings of this study will guide clinicians in prescribing the right empiric therapy in cases of suspected neonatal sepsis before the definitive culture results are obtained.

Download Full-text

Group B Streptococcus late onset sepsis in very low birth weight newborns: 10 years experience

The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine ◽

10.1080/14767058.2016.1242121 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 18-20

Author(s):

Francesco M. Risso ◽

Elio Castagnola ◽

Roberto Bandettini ◽

Diego Minghetti ◽

Laura Pagani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Very Low Birth Weight ◽

Late Onset ◽

Group B Streptococcus ◽

Late Onset Sepsis ◽

Group B

Download Full-text

Group B Streptococcus (Streptococcus agalactiae)

10.1093/med/9780190604813.003.0019 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Kirsty Le Doare ◽

Christine E. Jones ◽

Paul T. Heath

Keyword(s):

Early Onset ◽

Late Onset ◽

Group B Streptococcus ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Neonatal Infection ◽

Significant Risk Factor ◽

Invasive Disease ◽

Neurodevelopmental Outcomes ◽

Intrapartum Antibiotic ◽

Group B

Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a leading cause of early neonatal infection and neonatal mortality, with long-term adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in up to 50% of survivors of GBS meningitis. GBS has a likely underappreciated role in causing preterm birth and stillbirth. GBS colonizes the vagina and gastrointestinal tract of the pregnant woman, and transmission to the infant occurs during or just before delivery. Although the majority of these infants do not develop invasive disease, maternal colonization is a prerequisite for early onset disease (0–6 days of life, most commonly associated with sepsis and respiratory distress) and a significant risk factor for late onset disease (7–89 days of life, most commonly associated with sepsis and meningitis). The introduction of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis has resulted in significant declines in the incidence of early onset disease but provides no protection against late onset disease.

Download Full-text

Clinical features and outcomes of community‐acquired late‐onset sepsis: Focusing on group B Streptococcus and Escherichia coli

Pediatrics International ◽

10.1111/ped.14012 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 61 (12) ◽

pp. 1210-1215

Author(s):

Ki Wook Yun ◽

Sun Hyung Park ◽

Eun Young Cho ◽

Hyunju Lee

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Clinical Features ◽

Late Onset ◽

Group B Streptococcus ◽

Late Onset Sepsis ◽

Group B

Download Full-text

Neonatal Sepsis: Clinical Considerations

Journal of Child Science ◽

10.1055/s-0037-1603802 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 07 (01) ◽

pp. e54-e59 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S. Blatt ◽

M. Schroth

Keyword(s):

Neonatal Sepsis ◽

Late Onset ◽

Rapid Development ◽

Group B Streptococcus ◽

Neonatal Morbidity ◽

Screening Tests ◽

Late Onset Sepsis ◽

Early Onset Sepsis ◽

Clinical Considerations ◽

Group B

AbstractUnspecific symptoms and rapid development of sepsis up to septic shock from systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) are well-known, important issues in neonatology. A common cause is the infection by Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Streptococcus [GBS]) or Escherichia coli, which contributes significantly to neonatal morbidity and mortality. Whereas early-onset sepsis is normally derived from mother during birth, late-onset sepsis can be transmitted by the environment. Management of neonatal sepsis includes the maintenance of cardiovascular and pulmonary function besides antibiotic therapy. Due to the fact that until today, there are no reliable screening tests for detecting early sepsis, clinical assessment is considered to be of utmost importance.

Download Full-text

Perinatal hormones favor CC17 group B Streptococcus intestinal translocation through M cells and hypervirulence in neonates

eLife ◽

10.7554/elife.48772 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Constantin Hays ◽

Gérald Touak ◽

Abdelouhab Bouaboud ◽

Agnès Fouet ◽

Julie Guignot ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Late Onset ◽

Group B Streptococcus ◽

Intestinal Barrier ◽

Surface Protein ◽

Neonatal Infection ◽

M Cells ◽

M Cell ◽

Hormonal Exposure ◽

Group B ◽

The Impact

Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is the leading cause of invasive bacterial neonatal infections. Late-onset diseases (LOD) occur between 7 and 89 days of life and are largely due to the CC17 GBS hypervirulent clone. We studied the impact of estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4), which impregnate the fetus during pregnancy, on GBS neonatal infection in cellular and mouse models of hormonal exposure corresponding to concentrations found at birth (E2-P4 C0) and over 7 days old (E2-P4 C7). Using representative GBS isolates, we show that E2-P4 C7 concentrations specifically favor CC17 GBS meningitis following mice oral infection. CC17 GBS crosses the intestinal barrier through M cells. This process mediated by the CC17-specific surface protein Srr2 is enhanced by E2-P4 C7 concentrations which promote M cell differentiation and CC17 GBS invasiveness. Our findings provide an explanation for CC17 GBS responsibility in LOD in link with neonatal gastrointestinal tract maturation and hormonal imprint.

Download Full-text

Group B streptococcus sepsis in an infant presented with cellulitis of soft tissue of neck

BMJ Case Reports ◽

10.1136/bcr-2021-241683 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (8) ◽

pp. e241683

Author(s):

Muhammad Moazzam Gulzar ◽

Andrea Roman ◽

Rizwan Gul ◽

Nagabathula Ramesh

Keyword(s):

Soft Tissue ◽

Lymph Nodes ◽

Late Onset ◽

Group B Streptococcus ◽

Late Onset Sepsis ◽

Intravenous Antibiotics ◽

Early Onset Sepsis ◽

History Of ◽

Group B ◽

Tissue Oedema

We report a case of cellulitis of the soft tissue of the neck with group B streptococcus (GBS) sepsis in a 4-week-old baby boy presented with a 1-day history of fever, irritability and feed refusal. While in the hospital, a left-sided submandibular swelling extending to preauricular area started emerging, which progressed dramatically. Ultrasound scan of the neck confirmed inflammation of the underlying soft tissue while revealing multiple enlarged lymph nodes without any abscess formation and overlying soft tissue oedema. Blood cultures were flagged positive at 9 hours for GBS. The infant was treated with intravenous antibiotics for 2 weeks. GBS is considered a common cause of early-onset sepsis in neonates. However, it can also lead to late-onset sepsis in infancy with variable presentations. In our case, GBS sepsis manifested with cellulitis of the soft tissue of the neck along with swelling of local lymph nodes.

Download Full-text