scholarly journals Clinical Usefulness of Klebsiella Pneumoniae Carbapenemase-Producing K. Pneumoniae Genotyping: The Experience of a Single-Center Epidemic

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 352
Author(s):  
Marianna Rossi ◽  
Liliane Chatenoud ◽  
Egidio Franco Viganò ◽  
Anna Maria Peri ◽  
Laura Alagna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Repetitive Element ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Confounding Effect ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae Carbapenemase ◽  
Outbreak Period ◽  
Comorbidity Index ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Element Sequence

Background: During the last decade, the spread of Klebsiella pneumoniae-carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (KPC-Kp) has increased dramatically worldwide. In this scenario, growing interest has been addressed to genotyping of KPC-Kp strains, which emerged as an important tool for a better understanding of the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the outbreaks.Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study on patients infected with KPC-Kp during a 28-month outbreak period (January 2010–April 2012) at San Gerardo Hospital (Monza, Italy), investigating KPC-Kp genotypes by means of repetitive element sequence-based polymerase chain reaction (Rep-PCR).Results: We enrolled 97 patients infected with KPC-Kp. Rep-PCR analysis identified 5 distinct clone types, with different distribution over time. During the first 12 months of the outbreak period, only 1 clone was detected (clone A, in 47 patients), while the 4 other clones were identified over the remaining 16 months (clones C, E, and F/L in 23, 24, and 3 patients respectively). Mechanical ventilation was less frequent in patients infected with clones C/E/F/L (OR=0.14; 95% CI: 0.05-0.37) compared to clone A, and the Charlson comorbidity index (CI) was more likely to have a score >5 in patients infected with clones C/E/F/L (OR=7.21; 95% CI: 2.24-23.14) compared to clone A.Overall mortality was higher in patients infected with clones C/E/F/L (13/20 patients, 65%) compared to those infected with clone A (7/20, 35%). Mortality in patients infected with clones C/E/F/L remained significantly higher even after adjusting for the potential confounding effect of comorbidities (ie, CI), with a hazard ratio (HR) of 4.65 (95% CI: 1.83-11.89).

Repetitive element sequence based polymerase chain reaction for typing of Brucella strains

1996 ◽  
Vol 51 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 169-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Tcherneva ◽  
N. Rijpens ◽  
C. Naydensky ◽  
L. Herman
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Repetitive Element ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Element Sequence

scholarly journals Munchausen syndrome mimicking refractory subcutaneous abscess with bacteremia, diagnosed by repetitive element sequence-based polymerase chain reaction: a case report

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoki Iwanaga ◽  
Kazuko Yamamoto ◽  
Takahiro Takazono ◽  
Tomomi Saijo ◽  
Yoshifumi Imamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Repetitive Element ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Munchausen Syndrome ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Element Sequence

Abstract Background Rapid diagnosis and appropriate treatment of Munchausen syndrome is important not only for the patient but also for health care workers because a delay in diagnosis can worsen patients’ clinical outcomes, and result in a substantial medical cost. Case presentation A young and previously healthy 24-year-old Japanese woman, a nurse, presented with complaints of refractory abscess on her left upper limb for 3 months. A physical examination on admission revealed low-grade fever and a subcutaneous abscess in her left forearm. Laboratory data suggested mild systemic inflammation and liver dysfunction, but no abnormalities of the immune system, including changes in the number of lymphocytes and neutrophils, neutrophil phagocytic capacity, and natural killer (NK) cell activity, were observed. A human immunodeficiency virus test was also negative. Multiple modalities, including positron emission tomography-computed tomography, failed to detect any cause and focus of infection except her left upper limb. Streptococcus mitis and Prevotella buccae were detected from the wound, but no microorganisms were detected in a blood culture. The cellulitis promptly resolved; however, exacerbation of the subcutaneous abscess with polymicrobial bacteremia repeatedly occurred unexpectedly. Because of this puzzling clinical course, the possibility of self-injury was finally suspected. Three syringes with needles, with a turbid liquid, were found in our patient’s bag. Enterobacter cloacae and Enterococcus faecalis were detected in the liquid, and an analysis via repetitive element sequence-based polymerase chain reaction determined that Enterococcus faecalis in the wound and syringe contents were genetically identical. She was diagnosed as having Munchausen syndrome and treated with the collaboration of a psychiatrist. She finally confessed that she had injected her own saliva and toilet water into the drip line and wound. Conclusions This case report is valuable in that it is the first case in which this syndrome was diagnosed by a genetic method. Munchausen syndrome should not be neglected as a possible cause of refractory and recurrent infection.

scholarly journals Ertapebem disk performance to predict Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase produced by Gram-negative bacilli isolated in a São Paulo city public hospital

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lais Pinto de Almeida ◽  
Fabiana Puerro de Carvalho ◽  
Alexandre Gimenes Marques ◽  
Andrea dos Santos Pereira ◽  
Renata Puzzo Bortoleto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Public Hospital ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae Carbapenemase ◽  
Polymerase Chain

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate ertapenem disk performance to predict Klebsiella pneumonie carbapenemase production by Gram-negative bacilli. METHODS: All Gram-negative bacilli isolated between January 2010 and June 2011 were tested by disk diffusion (OxoidTM) for sensitivity to ertapenem, meropenem and imipenem. Resistant or intermediate sensitivity strains (diameter <22 mm for ertapenem) were also tested for the blaKPC gene by polymerase chain reaction. Disk predictive positive value for Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase and specificity were calculated. RESULTS: Out of the 21839 cultures performed, 3010 (13.78%) were positive, and Gram-negative bacilli were isolated in 708 (23.52%) of them. Zone of inhibition diameter for ertapenem disk was <22 mm for 111 isolates, representing 15.7% of all Gram-negative isolates. The PCR assay for blaKPC detected 40 Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-producing strains. No strains intermediate or resistant to meropenem and imipenem were sensitive to ertapenem. The ertapenem disk presented a positive predictive value of 36% to predict blaKPC and 89% specificity. CONCLUSION: The resistance of Gram-negative bacilli detected by disk diffusion against ertapenem does not predict Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase production. Other mechanisms, such as production of other betalactamases and porin loss, may be implicated. The need to confirm the presence of the blaKPC is suggested. Therefore, ertapenem was a weak predictor for discriminating strains that produce Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity of Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi in California and Characterization of Epidemiological Factors for Olive Knot Development

Plant Disease ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (9) ◽  
pp. 1718-1724 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Nguyen ◽  
H. Förster ◽  
J. E. Adaskaveg
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Repetitive Element ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Epidemiological Factors ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Production Areas ◽  
Element Sequence

Olive knot, caused by Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi, is a limiting disease in the production of table and oil olives in California. The genetic variability among 152 strains from major production areas of California was determined using BOX, ERIC, and REP primers in repetitive element sequence-based polymerase chain reaction. Overall genetic variability was low, and strains shared at least 82% similarity. Phenetic analyses identified several genotypes but most strains belonged to one of two major groups. Three copper-resistant strains had two fingerprints that were distinct from any of the sensitive strains, indicating that they may have been introduced from other production areas or hosts. In inoculations, two copper-resistant strains were mostly equally as virulent as two copper-sensitive strains. Inoculum was exuded at high levels (>108 CFU/g of knot tissue) within 10 min from hydrated olive knots, and concentrations were 2- to 3-log higher than the minimum needed to induce knot formation. Arbequina olive was significantly more susceptible to infection and developed a higher incidence of knots on leaf scar and lateral wounds (59.7 to 80.6% incidence) than Manzanillo (47.4 to 68.2% incidence). In wound-healing studies, both types of wounds were less susceptible to infection ≥10 days after injury, indicating a critical period for infection and application of bactericides during favorable environments.

Prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes during Production and Postharvest Processing of Cabbage

2002 ◽  
Vol 65 (11) ◽  
pp. 1728-1734 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANN MARIE PRAZAK ◽  
ELSA A. MURANO ◽  
IMELDA MERCADO ◽  
GARY R. ACUFF
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Repetitive Element ◽  
Rio Grande Valley ◽  
Environmental Isolates ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Conveyor Belts ◽  
Administration Method ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Element Sequence

From November 1999 to May 2000, analyses of 425 cabbage, 205 water, and 225 environmental sponge samples from four cabbage farms with packing sheds and from two packing sheds in the Rio Grande Valley and Uvalde, Tex., were conducted to determine whether Listeria monocytogenes was present. Samples were tested by the Food and Drug Administration method for the isolation of Listeria spp., and confirmed isolates were DNA fingerprinted by repetitive-element sequence-based polymerase chain reaction (rep-PCR). L. monocytogenes was isolated from 3% (26 of 855) of the samples. Twenty of these isolates were obtained from cabbage (7 isolates from farms and 13 from packing sheds). Three isolates were from water samples (two from farms and one from a packing shed), and three were from environmental sponge samples of packing shed surfaces. Rep-PCR–generated fingerprints of 21 of the isolates revealed 18 distinctive banding patterns. Four isolates from environmental sponge samples of conveyor belts and from cabbage samples shared identical banding patterns, suggesting common sources of contamination. These identical environmental isolates suggest that contact with packing shed surfaces may be a source of contamination of cabbage. However, the cabbage samples could have arrived contaminated, since they were not washed.

Sensitivity of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-southern hybridization and conventional PCR analysis for Halal authentication of gelatin capsules

LWT ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 714-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahilah Abd Mutalib ◽  
Nursheila Mustafa Muin ◽  
Aminah Abdullah ◽  
Osman Hassan ◽  
Wan Aida Wan Mustapha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Southern Hybridization ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Conventional Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Gelatin Capsules ◽  
Halal Authentication ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Development of Three-Stage Bioaerosol Sampler for Size-Selective Sampling

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-Hyung Lim ◽  
Sang Hwan Nam ◽  
Jongwoo Kim ◽  
Nam Hoon Kim ◽  
Gun-Soo Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Collection Efficiency ◽  
Commercial Product ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Cyclone Separator ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Selective Sampling ◽  
Sampling Flow Rate ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract In this study, a three-stage bioaerosol sampler with a sampling flow rate of 170 L/min was designed and fabricated for sampling the bioaerosols released during human breathing and coughing, and its performance was evaluated. The sampler was constructed using a cyclone separator with a cutoff size of 2.5 µm as a preseparator, a multi-nozzle virtual impactor with a cutoff size of 0.34 µm as an aerosol concentrator, and a BioSampler, which is a commercial product, for collecting bioaerosols in a collection fluid. The collection efficiency of the sampler was evaluated through simulations and experiments. Only particles with sizes of 0.1-4 µm were selectively collected in the collection fluid. Bacteriophage bioaerosols were sampled using the developed sampler and ACD-200 Bobcat sampler, which is a commercial product. The amounts of collected bacteriophages were compared using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. The sampling performance of the developed sampler was similar to that of the ACD-200 Bobcat sampler. Moreover, the developed sampler showed its ability to sample bioaerosols of a specific size-range and collect them directly in a collection fluid for the PCR analysis. Therefore, the developed sampler is expected to be useful for indoor environmental monitoring by effectively sampling the bioaerosols released indoors during human breathing and coughing.

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