scholarly journals Allometric model to estimate biomass and carbon of seedling in Pangarengan mangrove forest, Cirebon, West Java

Jurnal Galam ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-40
Author(s):  
Budi Mulyana ◽  
◽  
Ris Hadi Purwanto ◽  
Puspita Intan Sari ◽  
Afni Atika Marpaung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Avicennia Marina ◽  
Rhizophora Mucronata ◽  
Allometric Model ◽  
West Java ◽  
Sonneratia Caseolaris

Ekosistem mangrove di Desa Pangarengan, Kabupaten Cirebon memberikan manfaat jasa lingkungan, diantaranya sebagai penjerap dan penyimpan karbon. Umumnya, pendugaan simpanan karbon hutan mangrove menggunakan persamaan alometrik. Namun demikian, persamaan alometrik yang tersedia saat ini masih disusun dari tahapan pertumbuhan pancang, tiang, dan pohon. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menyusun model alometrik untuk semai di hutan mangrove. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Juni 2021 di hutan mangrove Desa Pangarengan, Kabupaten Cirebon. Alat yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah kaliper, pita ukur, timbangan digital, dan gunting tanaman. Bahan penelitian berupa semai mangrove jenis Rhizophora mucronata, Avicennia marina, dan Sonneratia caseolaris sebanyak 25 sampel. Model alometrik terbaik dalam menduga biomassa berat kering dengan prediktor diameter pangkal adalah Y = 35,013 Dp1,860 (R2 adj = 0,873; SEE = 0,472) dengan menggunakan prediktor diameter ujung adalah Y = 249,573 Du2,276 (R2 adj = 0,524; SEE = 0,710), sedangkan alometrik penduga kandungan karbon semai adalah Y = 5,835 Dp1,804 (R2 adj = 0,831; SEE = 0,528) dan Y = 35,750 Du2,107 (R2 adj = 0,607; SEE = 0,805). Model alometrik power dengan prediktor diameter pangkal cukup baik dalam menduga biomassa berat kering dan kandungan karbon semai di hutan mangrove Desa Pangarengan. Kata kunci: akuntansi karbon, mitigasi, iklim, regresi

scholarly journals Diversity, biomass, covers, and NDVI of restored mangrove forests in Karawang and Subang Coasts, West Java, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agung Suwanto ◽  
Noverita Dian Takarina ◽  
Raldi Hendro Koestoer ◽  
Evi Frimawaty
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Avicennia Marina ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Rhizophora Mucronata ◽  
West Java ◽  
Mangrove Species ◽  
Sonneratia Caseolaris ◽  
Rhizophora Apiculata ◽  
Bruguiera Gymnorhiza

Abstract. Suwanto A, Takarina ND, Koestoer RH, Frimawaty E. 2021. Diversity, biomass, covers, and NDVI of restored mangrove forests in Karawang and Subang Coasts, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 4115-4122. Indonesia has been recognized as the country with greatest diversity of mangrove species with significant amount of carbon sink and biomass. In few recent decades, mangrove forests have been deforested significantly. One of the solutions to deal with mangrove deforestation is through restoration. West Java north coasts are one of the areas that have experienced deforestation, however and mangrove restorations have been conducted mainly in Karawang and Subang coasts. Correspondingly this research aims to assess the mangrove diversity using index and biomass resulted from restoration program in those coasts. To assess the mangrove diversity in each coast on June 2021, 6 sampling stations containing 3 replicated sample plots of size 10 m × 10 m were located. In total 8 species with 1549 trees were been sampled. In Subang the order of mangrove species from common to less-common species were Avicennia marina > Rhizophora mucronata > Sonneratia caseolaris > Acanthus ilicifolius > Bruguiera gymnorhiza. While the order in Karawang was Avicennia marina > Rhizophora mucronata > Rhizophora apiculata > Sonneratia caseolaris > Bruguiera gymnorhiza. The mangrove diversity (H)’ was significantly different (p = 0.000, F = 2.216) with diversity in Subang Coast (average H' = 1.326, 95% CI: 1.15-1.5) was higher than in Karawang (average H’ = 1.063, 95%CI: 0.934-1.2). Estimated restored mangrove covers in Subang were 3.612 km2 and 0.46 km2 in Karawang. R. mucronata was mangrove species that has the highest biomass with the value of 1337.91 mg ha-1 and the lowest was A. marina with value of 14.3 mg ha-1. The results suggest that restoration areas in Subang and Karawang have significant contributions to maintain mangrove diversity, biomass, and covers.

KAJIAN NILAI EKONOMIS DAN DAMPAK SOSIAL KEBERADAAN EKOSISTEM MANGROVE TERHADAP MASYARAKAT PESISIR

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Agus Putra A. Samad ◽  
Pitri Agustina ◽  
Mus Herri
Keyword(s):  
Avicennia Marina ◽  
Rhizophora Mucronata ◽  
Bruguiera Gymnorrhiza ◽  
Sonneratia Caseolaris ◽  
Rhizophora Apiculata ◽  
Xylocarpus Granatum ◽  
Bruguiera Parviflora

Langsa merupakan salah satu kota pesisir Aceh yang memiliki kawasan mangrove yang  sangat  potensial.  Kota  ini  memiliki  panjang  garis  pantai  16  km dengan luas kawasan mangrove sebesar 7.837 Ha. Keberadaan mangrove di wilayah ini menjadi aset strategis untuk dikembangkan menjadi basis kegiatan ekonomi untuk memakmurkan masyarakat dan meningkatkan pendapatan  asli  daerah. Tujuan utama penelitian ini adalah untuk melestarikan potensi sumberdaya ekosistem mangrove yang ada di Kota Langsa agar dapat memberikan fungsi ekologis dan ekonomis secara berkesinambungan kepada masyarakat disekitarnya. Kajian ini dilakukan menggunakan metode survei, analisa laboratorium dan observasi lapangan. Hasil pengamatan terhadap komposisi jenis tumbuhan yang terdapat di ekosistem mangrove menunjukkan 8 jenis tumbuhan mangrove yaitu: jenis Avicennia lanata, Avicennia marina, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Bruguiera parviflora, Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora  mucronata, Sonneratia Caseolaris dan Xylocarpus granatum. Nilai rata-rata parameter kualitas air di ekosistem mangrove secara beturut-turut adalah DO (6.3 ppm),salinitas (27 ‰), pH tanah dasar (6.0), pH tanah permukaan (5.08), pH air (7.33), suhu (30 oC) dan kecerahan (5 m).  Perhitungan terhadap nilai manfaat ekosistem mangrove meliputi: 1) Nilai manfaat langsung perikanan tangkap: Rp. 8.710.000.000 per tahun, 2) Nilai manfaat budidaya tambak: Rp. 93.940.000.000,- per tahun, 3) Nilai penahan abrasi dan banjir: Rp. 300.000.000,- per hektar per tahun, 4) Nilai sebagai penyediaan unsur hara: Rp. 28.634.000,- per tahun, 5) Nilai manfaat pilihan: Rp. 210.000.000,- per tahun dan 6) Nilai manfaat keberadaan: Rp. 1.464.493.000,- per tahun.  Nilai keberadaan ekosistem mangrove yang dinilai adalah Nilai Keaslian = 70 % (lebih dari asli), Nilai Keindahan Alam = 74 % (lebih dari indah), Nilai Kenyamanan = 66% (kondisi lebih dari nyaman),  dan Nilai Aspirasi masyarakat = 98 % (sangat didukung masyarakat). Alternatif  pengelolaan  dan  pemanfaatan  ekosistem  mangrove  yang diperkirakan cocok secara ekonomi dan ekologis terdiri dari beberapa kegiatan pilihan yaitu budidaya ikan, udang, tiram dan kepiting, budidaya ikan kerapu dan kakap, pengolahan buah dan daun mangrove, dan pengembangan obyek wisata.

scholarly journals KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS MANGROVE DI DESA MENDALOK KECAMATAN SUNGAI KUNYIT KABUPATEN MEMPAWAH

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syahrul Muharamsyah ◽  
M Sofwan Anwari ◽  
Hafiz Ardian
Keyword(s):  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Avicennia Marina ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Bruguiera Gymnorrhiza ◽  
Mangrove Species ◽  
Rhizophora Stylosa ◽  
Sonneratia Caseolaris ◽  
Rhizophora Apiculata ◽  
Bruguiera Cylindrica

Mangrove forests are unique ecosystems that have ecological, biological and socio-economic functions. The function of mangrove forests on the environment is very important especially in the coastal and oceanic regions. Mangrove forests providers of wood, leaves as raw material for medicines, and natural dye. This study aims to inventory the diversity of species of mangrove vegetation in Mendalok Village, Sungai Kunyit Subdistrict, Mempawah Regency. The benefits of this study are to provide the data on mangrove forest vegetation as basic data for local government and related agencies in efforts to protect and preserve mangrove forests in Mendalok Village, Sungai Kunyit Subdistrict, Mempawah Regency. Inventory the tree in mangrove forest used a line with measured 200 meters. There are 6 lines and the distance between the lines as far as 100 meters. The lines of observation are placed by purposive sampling. The results of research found 11 types of species and consisted of 6 genera. The genera are Avicennia, Bruguiera, Ceriops, Rhizophora, Soneratia and Xylocarpus. The species found were Avicennia alba, Avicennia marina, Bruguiera cylindrica, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Bruguiera parviflora, Ceriops decandra, Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata, Rhizophora stylosa, Sonneratia caseolaris, Xylocarpus mollucensis. Diversity of mangrove species in Mendalok Village, Sungai Kunyit Subdistrict, Mempawah Regency was high and should be maintained for conservation and ecotourism area. Keywords : conservation, ecotourism, mangrove, Mendalok Village

scholarly journals Remobilization of zinc in sediments by mangrove and its associated species in Blanakan River, West Java, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noverita Dian Takarina
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Wiener Index ◽  
Avicennia Marina ◽  
West Java ◽  
Mangrove Species ◽  
Sonneratia Caseolaris ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
Zn Content ◽  
Associated Species ◽  
Associate Species

Abstract. Takarina ND. 2020. Remobilization of zinc in sediments by mangrove and its associated species in Blanakan River, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1743-1748. The biodiversity of mangrove and associated species have contribution to remove contaminants from aquatic environment, for example, river. This work aims to study the effects of mangrove and associated species in absorbing zinc (Zn) from water and sediment and remobilizing it into stems. The work was conducted by sampling mangroves, associated species, sediment and water along 9 stations in riparian of Blanakan River, West Java. The stems of mangrove and associated species, water and sediments were analyzed for Zn content using AAS. The biodiversity was evaluated using Shannon-Wiener index (H’). The bioremobilization potential was calculated using Bioconcentration Factor (BCF). There were 3 true mangrove species (i.e. Rhizophora mucronata, Avicennia marina, and Sonneratia caseolaris) and 3 mangrove associate species (i.e. Colocasia esculenta, Ipomoea aquatica, and Wedelia biflora). The H’ was ranging from 0.5 to 0.7. We found that the riparian with high species richness and biodiversity has less Zn contents both in water and sediments, while the riparian that has low species diversity has high Zn in water and sediments. All the mangrove and associated species have stored Zn in their stems with the most effective species in remobilizing Zn from water and sediment were C. esculenta, S. caseolaris, and R. mucronata. The contamination of Zn in aquatic ecosystem can be managed and reduced by increasing mangrove and associated species diversity and planting species that effective in remobilization of contaminants from environment.

Phytochemical Screening, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Selected Mangrove Species

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilesh L. Dahibhate ◽  
Utpal Roy ◽  
Kundan Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Avicennia Marina ◽  
Total Flavonoids ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Mangrove Species ◽  
Sonneratia Caseolaris ◽  
Bruguiera Gymnorhiza

Background: Mangrove plant extracts are used in folkloric medicine as aphrodisiac, sedative, antioxidant, antimicrobial and antimalarial. Screening for antimicrobial, phytochemical and antioxidant activities of fourteen mangroves plant species (Aegiceras corniculatum, Acanthus ilicifolius, Avicennia alba, Avicennia marina, Avicennia officinalis, Bruguiera cylindrica, Bruguiera gymnorhiza, Ceriops tagel, Excoecaria agallocha, Kandelia candel, Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata, Sonneratia alba, and Sonneratia caseolaris) in various solvents are reported in this work. Methods: The antimicrobial screening was carried out using agar well diffusion method. In this study, nine pathogenic strains were used, including three Gram-positive and six Gram-negative bacteria. Phytochemical screening, total flavonoids, total phenolic and antioxidant activity was tested by DPPH radical scavenging assay. Four phenolic compounds (gallic acid, vanillin, tannic acid and quercetin) were quantified by LC-MS/MS in selected mangrove species. Results: Antimicrobial screening showed Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were most susceptible to ethyl acetate extract as compared to ethanol and methanol extract. Ethyl acetate extract of Avicennia marina and Bruguiera gymnorhiza showed strong antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of saponins, phenolics, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, and terpenoids, which was found to be variable as per the solvent used for extraction. In addition, total phenolics and total flavonoids content with different solvents were found in the range of 11.08 to 196.76 mg GAE/g and 12.92 to 110.3 mg QE/g of extract respectively. Moreover, antioxidant capacities expressed in terms of IC50 (mg/mL) showed that methanol extract exhibited higher antioxidant capacity followed by ethanol extract. LC-MS/MS analysis showed gallic acid and tannic acid are present in higher concentration in Aegiceras corniculatum and Sonneratia caseolaris than other species. The vanillin and quercetin were found in the least concentration. Conclusion: Mangroves species are rich source of antioxidant, phenolics and antimicrobial compounds.

Factors affecting pollinator visitation and reproductive success in Sonneratia caseolaris and Aegiceras corniculatum in a mangrove forest in India

2001 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHALINI PANDIT ◽  
B. C. CHOUDHURY
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Pollinator Visitation ◽  
Aegiceras Corniculatum ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Plant Reproductive Success ◽  
Sonneratia Caseolaris ◽  
Exclusion Experiments ◽  
Selfing Species

Pollinator visitation to, and the reproductive success of, Sonneratia caseolaris (Sonneratiaceae) and Aegiceras corniculatum (Myrsinaceae) was investigated in a mangrove forest in India. S. caseolaris was shown to be primarily outcrossed and A. corniculatum was shown to be a selfing species. The flowers of both plant species attracted several diurnal and nocturnal visitors. Earlier reports had indicated that S. caseolaris flowered for one night and was exclusively night-pollinated. But flowers of this species were found to be in bloom both at night and during the day, and diurnal visitors to the flowers were more diverse and frequent than nocturnal ones. This was related to the higher volume and energy value of nectar in the morning. The effects of time of day and temperature on visitation rates were quantified. The importance of visitors to plant reproductive success was investigated via controlled visitor-exclusion experiments. Pollinators were expected to be more important for the outcrossing species than for the selfing species, and this was confirmed by the results of the exclusion experiments. In S. caseolaris reproductive success was determined both by pollinator availability and the intensity of flower and fruit predation, while in A. corniculatum it is likely to be resource limited.

scholarly journals KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS VEGETASI MANGROVE DI DESA DUSUN BESAR KECAMATAN PULAU MAYA KABUPATEN KAYONG UTARA

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cici Khairunnisa ◽  
Eddy Thamrin ◽  
Hari Prayogo
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Avicennia Marina ◽  
Forest Vegetation ◽  
Forest Area ◽  
Tree Level ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Mangrove Vegetation ◽  
Vegetation Species

The diversity of mangrove vegetation is a community that has different characteristics from other communities. Diversity is an important component in mangrove management, but so far the availability of data related to mangroves is still very minimal, including those related to the species diversity of mangrove forest vegetation in the region. This study aims to obtain data on species diversity of vegetation found in the mangrove forest area of Dusun Besar Village, Pulau Maya District, Kayong Utara Regency. Method used was a combination of path and plot method, and the determination of the location and research path location were carried out using purposive sampling. The results of observation and data analysis showed that the dominant vegetation species with the highest importance value index (INP) for seedlings, saplings and trees was the Avicennia marina, namely the INP value of seedlings 37.04%, the INP values of sapling 65.24%, and the value of INP a tree rate of 65. Based on the results of the most dominant analysis found the species of  Avicennia marina with a value of C = 0.03430 for seedling, C = 0.04729 for sapling, and C = 0.04736 for tree level. The diversity of mangrove forest vegetation species in Dusun Besar Village for seedlings, saplings and trees is low because it has an H 'value <1, and the abundance of mangrove vegetation species was not evenly distributed in each forest area because it only has an e value <1.Keywords: Dusun Besar Village, Mangrove Forest, Species Diversity

scholarly journals Studi Eksplorasi Potensi Pariwisata Kreatif Kawasan Hutan Mangrove Desa Sedari, Kecamatan Cibuaya, Kabupaten Karawang, Jawa Barat

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-158
Author(s):  
Alexander Fiandre Readi ◽  
Jessica Christina ◽  
Myrza Rahmanita ◽  
Fetty Asmaniati
Keyword(s):  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Active Participation ◽  
Forest Area ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
West Java ◽  
The Public ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Exploratory Approach ◽  
Tourism Potential

Abstrak Pariwisata kreatif merupakan bentuk pariwisata alternatif yang prospektif untuk dikembangkan di Desa Sedari. Penelitian yang ada menunjukkan bahwa daya tarik utama kawasan hutan mangrove selama ini semata pemandangan yang cenderung tidak melibatkan partisipasi dan pengalaman wisatawan dalam kegiatan pariwisata. Hal ini mengindikasikan potensi yang ada belum sepenuhnya termanfaatkan optimal. Terlebih kegiatan pariwisata ditunda dan dihentikan sementara dengan adanya Pemberlakuan Pembatasan Kegiatan Masyarakat (PPKM) untuk mencegah meluasnya penyebaran pandemi COVID-19. Tujuan penelitian ini mengeksplorasi potensi pariwisata kreatif kawasan hutan mangrove di Desa Sedari, Kecamatan Cibuaya, Kabupaten Karawang, Provinsi Jawa Barat, Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan eksploratif. Data primer dan sekunder diperoleh melalui wawancara serta studi pustaka. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa (1) Hutan mangrove Desa Sedari memiliki potensi untuk pengembangan pariwisata kreatif; (2) Pengembangan ke arah pariwisata kreatif baru dimulai pada tahun 2021 namun belum terlaksana optimal dimana belum ada pengelolaan, pengelola maupun program yang terencana baik. (3) Bentuk pariwisata kreatif yang dapat dikembangkan di kawasan hutan mangrove, diantaranya birdwatching, pengolahan produk berbasis mangrove, maupun kegiatan wisata yang melibatkan partisipasi aktif wisatawan, juga kerjasama wisatawan dengan masyarakat lokal dan pengelola kawasan hutan mangrove. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan dilakukannya renovasi dan revitalisasi sejumlah infrastruktur fisik kawasan hutan mangrove untuk pengembangan kegiatan pariwisata kreatif, peningkatan kompetensi dan kualifikasi sumber daya manusia pariwisata serta penguatan kemitraan kerja diantara para pemangku kepentingan terkait. Kata Kunci: pariwisata kreatif, partisipasi aktif, hutan mangrove, desa sedari, pandemi COVID-19 Explorative Study of the Creative Tourism Potential of the Mangrove Forest Area Sedari Village, Cibuaya District, Karawang Regency, West Java Abstract Creative tourism is an alternative tourism that is prospective to be developed in Sedari Village. Existing research shows that the main tourist attraction of mangrove forest area in Sedari Village so far is mere the scenery which tends not to involve the participation and experience of tourists within the tourism activities. This indicates that the existing potential has not yet fully utilized. Moreover, tourism activities were temporarily postponed and stopped during the Public Activity Restrictions (PPKM) that carried out to prevent the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study was to explore the creative tourism potential of mangrove forest area in Sedari Village, Cibuaya District, Karawang Regency, West Java Province, Indonesia. This study utilised descriptive research method with exploratory approach. Primary and secondary data were obtained through interviews and literature study. This study found that (1) The mangrove forest of Sedari Village has the potential for the development of creative tourism; (2) Development towards creative tourism has not yet optimally implemented. It was just started in 2021 that there are no well-planned programs, managers nor management. At present; (3) Types of creative tourism can be developed in Sedari mangrove forest areas, including birdwatching, processing mangrove based tourism products; tourism activities involving tourist active participation, as well as tourist cooperation with local communities and mangrove forest area managers. This study recommends for the renovation and revitalization of a number of physical infrastructures for the development of creative tourism activities; the enhancement of tourism human resources qualifications and competencies; as well as strengthening the working partnership amongst relevant stakeholders. Keywords: creative tourism, active participation, mangrove forest, sedari village, pandemic COVID-19

scholarly journals Kondisi Ekosistem Mangrove di Kawasan Ekowisata Karangsong Kabupaten Indramayu

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Aulia Rosdiana Tufliha ◽  
Daffa Manggala Putra ◽  
Delima Mentari Amara ◽  
Ressa Muhammad Santika ◽  
Sandra Moerti Oktavian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avicennia Marina ◽  
Rhizophora Mucronata

Ekosistem mangrove di wilayah Karangsong Kabupaten Indramayu merupakan salah satu ekosistem hasil rehabilitasi yang dimanfaatkan menjadi kawasan ekowisata. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Agustus 2018 di Kawasan Ekowisata Karangsong Kabupaten Indramayu guna mengetahui kondisis ekosistem mangrove dengan menggunakan metode Transek Line Plot (TLP). Stasiun pengamatan diambil berdasarkan waktu rehabilitasi dan  keterwakilan wilayah pada bagian selatan, bagian tengah dan bagian utara kawasan ekowisata mangrove Karangsong. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, terdapat komposisi jenis dari dua spesies mangrove yaitu Avicennia marina dan Rhizophora mucronata. Kerapatan pada tingkat pohon di ekosistem mangrove Karangsong termasuk kedalam kategori rusak pada seluruh stasiun dengan nilai kerapatan masing-masing sebesar 633 ind/ha untuk stasiun 1, 366 ind/ha untuk stasiun 2 dan 100 ind/ha stasiun 3, tetapi menuju perkembangan kearah yang lebih baik ditunjukan dengan nilai kerapatan yang tinggi pada tingkat pancang dan semai. Parameter kualitas air seperti suhu, salinitas dan pH perairan serta jenis substrat berlumpur mendukung untuk pertumbuhan mangrove.

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