scholarly journals Characterization of UDP-Glucuronosyltransferases and the Potential Contribution in Nicotine Tolerance in Myzus persicae

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiou Pan ◽  
Pengjun Xu ◽  
Xiaochun Zeng ◽  
Xuemei Liu ◽  
Qingli Shang
Keyword(s):  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Detoxification Enzymes ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Uridine Diphosphate ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Secondary Plant Metabolites ◽  
Nicotine Tolerance ◽  
Plant Herbivore

Uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) are major phase II detoxification enzymes involved in glycosylation of lipophilic endobiotics and xenobiotics, including phytoalexins. Nicotine, one of the most abundant secondary plant metabolites, is highly toxic to herbivorous insects. Plant-herbivore competition has been the major impetus for evolution of large superfamilies of UGTs and other detoxification enzymes. However, UGT functions in Myzus persicae adaptation have remained unknown. In this study, UGT inhibitors (sulfinpyrazone and 5-nitrouracil) significantly increased nicotine toxicity in M. persicae nicotianae, suggesting UGTs may be involved in nicotine tolerance. One hundred one UGT transcripts identified from the M. persicae genome/transcriptome were renamed according to UGT Nomenclature Committee guidelines and clustered into 11 families: UGT329, UGT330, UGT339, UGT341-UGT345, and UGT348-UGT350. UGT344 contained the most UGTs (fifty-seven). Ten UGTs (UGT330A3, UGT339A2, UGT341A6, UGT342B3, UGT343C3, UGT344D5, UGT344D8, UGT348A3, UGT349A3 and UGT350A3) were overexpressed in M. persicae nicotianae compared with M. persicae sensu stricto. UGT330A3/UGT344D5/UGT348A3/UGT349A3 knockdown significantly increased M. persicae nicotianae nicotine sensitivity, suggesting UGT upregulation in this subspecies may be associated with nicotine tolerance and thus host adaptation. This study reveals possible UGTs relevant to nicotine adaptation in tobacco-consuming M. persicae nicotianae and might facilitate further validation of the roles of these UGTs in nicotine tolerance.

scholarly journals Characterization of UDP-Glucuronosyltransferases and the Potential Contribution to Nicotine Tolerance in Myzus persicae

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (15) ◽  
pp. 3637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiou Pan ◽  
Pengjun Xu ◽  
Xiaochun Zeng ◽  
Xuemei Liu ◽  
Qingli Shang
Keyword(s):  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Green Peach Aphid ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Detoxification Enzymes ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Uridine Diphosphate ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Secondary Plant Metabolites ◽  
Nicotine Tolerance ◽  
Plant Herbivore

Uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) are major phase II detoxification enzymes involved in glycosylation of lipophilic endobiotics and xenobiotics, including phytoalexins. Nicotine, one of the most abundant secondary plant metabolites in tobacco, is highly toxic to herbivorous insects. Plant-herbivore competition is the major impetus for the evolution of large superfamilies of UGTs and other detoxification enzymes. However, UGT functions in green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) adaptation are unknown. In this study, we show that UGT inhibitors (sulfinpyrazone and 5-nitrouracil) significantly increased nicotine toxicity in M. persicae nicotianae, suggesting that UGTs may be involved in nicotine tolerance. In total, 101 UGT transcripts identified in the M. persicae genome/transcriptome were renamed according to the UGT Nomenclature Committee guidelines and grouped into 11 families, UGT329, UGT330, UGT339, UGT341–UGT345, and UGT348–UGT350, with UGT344 containing the most (57). Ten UGTs (UGT330A3, UGT339A2, UGT341A6, UGT342B3, UGT343C3, UGT344D5, UGT344D8, UGT348A3, UGT349A3, and UGT350A3) were highly expressed in M. persicae nicotianae compared to M. persicae sensu stricto. Knockdown of four UGTs (UGT330A3, UGT344D5, UGT348A3, and UGT349A3) significantly increased M. persicae nicotianae sensitivity to nicotine, suggesting that UGT expression in this subspecies may be associated with nicotine tolerance and thus host adaptation. This study reveals possible UGTs relevant to nicotine adaptation in tobacco-consuming M. persicae nicotianae, and the findings will facilitate further validation of the roles of these UGTs in nicotine tolerance.

scholarly journals Reassortment of Genome Segments Creates Stable Lineages Among Strains of Orchid Fleck Virus Infecting Citrus in Mexico

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avijit Roy ◽  
Andrew L. Stone ◽  
Gabriel Otero-Colina ◽  
Gang Wei ◽  
Ronald H. Brlansky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Genome Segment ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Sequence Comparisons ◽  
Orchid Fleck Virus ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Sequencing Technologies ◽  
Negative Sense

The genus Dichorhavirus contains viruses with bipartite, negative-sense, single-stranded RNA genomes that are transmitted by flat mites to hosts that include orchids, coffee, the genus Clerodendrum, and citrus. A dichorhavirus infecting citrus in Mexico is classified as a citrus strain of orchid fleck virus (OFV-Cit). We previously used RNA sequencing technologies on OFV-Cit samples from Mexico to develop an OFV-Cit–specific reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) assay. During assay validation, OFV-Cit–specific RT-PCR failed to produce an amplicon from some samples with clear symptoms of OFV-Cit. Characterization of this virus revealed that dichorhavirus-like particles were found in the nucleus. High-throughput sequencing of small RNAs from these citrus plants revealed a novel citrus strain of OFV, OFV-Cit2. Sequence comparisons with known orchid and citrus strains of OFV showed variation in the protein products encoded by genome segment 1 (RNA1). Strains of OFV clustered together based on host of origin, whether orchid or citrus, and were clearly separated from other dichorhaviruses described from infected citrus in Brazil. The variation in RNA1 between the original (now OFV-Cit1) and the new (OFV-Cit2) strain was not observed with genome segment 2 (RNA2), but instead, a common RNA2 molecule was shared among strains of OFV-Cit1 and -Cit2, a situation strikingly similar to OFV infecting orchids. We also collected mites at the affected groves, identified them as Brevipalpus californicus sensu stricto, and confirmed that they were infected by OFV-Cit1 or with both OFV-Cit1 and -Cit2. OFV-Cit1 and -Cit2 have coexisted at the same site in Toliman, Queretaro, Mexico since 2012. OFV strain-specific diagnostic tests were developed.

General principle of primary and secondary plant metabolites: Biogenesis, metabolism, and extraction

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-23
Author(s):  
Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji ◽  
Santwana Palai ◽  
Chika Precious Ekwuabu ◽  
Chukwuebuka Egbuna ◽  
Juliana Bunmi Adetunji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Principle ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Secondary Plant Metabolites ◽  
Secondary Plant

scholarly journals Volatile terpenoids as potential drug leads in Alzheimer’s disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 332-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina A. Wojtunik-Kulesza ◽  
Katarzyna Targowska-Duda ◽  
Katarzyna Klimek ◽  
Grażyna Ginalska ◽  
Krzysztof Jóźwiak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Mtt Assay ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Secondary Plant Metabolites ◽  
Docking Simulations ◽  
Ache Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Volatile Terpenoids

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is by far the most prevalent of all known forms of dementia. Despite wide-spread research, the main causes of emergence and development of AD have not been fully recognized. Natural, low-molecular, lipophilic terpenoids constitute an interesting group of secondary plant metabolites, that exert biological activities of possible use in the prevention and treatment of AD. In order to identify secondary metabolites possessing both antioxidant activity and the potential to increase the level of acetylcholine, selected terpenoids have been screened for possible acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity by use of two methods, namely Marston (chromatographic assay) and Ellman (spectrophotometric assay). In order to describe the interaction between terpenes and AChE active gorge, molecular docking simulations were performed. Additionally, all analyzed terpenes were also evaluated for their cytotoxic properties against two normal cell lines using MTT assay. The obtained results show that: carvone (6), pulegone (8) and γ-terpinene (7) possess desirable AChE inhibitory activity. MTT assay revealed low or lack of cytotoxicity of these metabolites. Thus, among the investigated terpenes, carvone (6), pulegone (8) and y-terpinene (7) can be recognized as compounds with most promising activities in the development of multi-target directed ligands.

Knockdown of Uridine Diphosphate Glucosyltransferase 86Dg Enhances Susceptibility of Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) to Artemisia vulgaris (Asterales: Asteraceae) Essential Oil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanshan Gao ◽  
Haidi Sun ◽  
Jiahao Zhang ◽  
Yonglei Zhang ◽  
Peipei Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Tribolium Castaneum ◽  
Expression Profile ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Detoxification Enzymes ◽  
Developmental Expression ◽  
Contact Toxicity ◽  
Uridine Diphosphate ◽  
Artemisia Vulgaris ◽  
Coleoptera Tenebrionidae

Abstract Uridine diphosphate glucosyltransferases (UGTs), which are phase II detoxification enzymes, are found in various organisms. These enzymes play an important role in the detoxification mechanisms of plant allelopathy and in insects. Artemisia vulgaris L. (Asterales: Asteraceae: Artemisia) essential oil has strong contact toxicity to Tribolium castaneum Herbst (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) larvae. However, the effect of A. vulgaris essential oil on UGTs is unclear. In this study, A. vulgaris essential oil was shown to significantly induce the expression of the TcUgt86Dg transcript. Furthermore, treatment of TcUgt86Dg-silenced individuals with A. vulgaris essential oil resulted in higher mortality than for the control individuals, indicating that TcUgt86Dg is involved in detoxification of A. vulgaris essential oil in T. castaneum. The developmental expression profile showed that the expression of TcUgt86Dg in late adults was higher than in other developmental stages. Furthermore, the expression profile in adult tissues revealed higher expression of TcUgt86Dg in the head, antenna, fat body, and accessory gland than in other tissues. These data show that TcUgt86Dg may be involved in the metabolism of exogenous toxins by T. castaneum; thus, our results have elucidated one possible mechanism of resistance to A. vulgaris essential oil and provide a theoretical basis for a control scheme for T. castaneum.

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